1、第三单元句式剖析 1 句型 1This helps you to relate what you read to what you already know and to understand the new text.这 有助于把你读到的东西与你已经知晓的东西联系起来,从而理解新课文。 本句为复合句,句中含有两个宾语从句,即“what you read”和“what you already know”,前一个 what 引导 的从句做 relate 的宾语,后一个 what 引导的从句做 read 后介词 to 的宾语。 what 引导的宾语从句 what 引导的宾语从句在句中做宾语。wha
2、t 在从句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语。 They dont know what happened.他们不知道发生了什么。 You cant imagine what he was ten years ago. 你无法想象他 10 年前是个什么样的人。 I dont know what books he likes reading.我不知道他喜欢读什么书。 单句语法填空 (1)When we were young,we were often told to dowas right and not to dowas wrong. (2)Pick yourself up.Courage is d
3、oingyoure afraid to do. 参考答案 (1)what;what句意:我们年轻时总是被告知做正确的事情,而不做错误的事情。句中两个待填词都用来 引导宾语从句,且在从句中做主语。 (2)what句意:振作起来。勇敢就是做你(明知自己)害怕做的事情。分析句子结构可知,“is doing”后接 的是宾语从句,从句中 do 后缺少宾语,故用 what 引导。 句型 2One of the best players had been injured,and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.最优秀的队员中有一
4、人受伤了,而且队长也因心脏问题不得不离队。 句式剖析 本句为并列句,由并列连词 and 连接前后两个分句,在后一个分句中含有表原因的介词短语 because of heart problems。 because of 的用法 because of 意为“因为,由于”,为介词短语,后常跟名词、代词、v.-ing 或 what 引导的名词性从句做宾语。 The West Lake attracts millions of visitors every year because of its beautiful scenery. 西湖因其优美的风景,每年都会吸引数百万游客。 He came to w
5、ork late because of getting up late.他上班迟到了,因为他起晚了。 She was angry because of what he said just now at the meeting.她因他刚刚在会议上说的话而生气。 because 和 because of 都可以引出原因,但二者用法不同。 because 为连词,后接原因状语从句;because of 为介词短语,后接名词、代词或 v.-ing。 He is absent today because of his illness.=He is absent today because he is i
6、ll. 他今天缺席是因为他病了。 归纳拓展 表示“原因”的其他短语: (1)动词短语:result from 由引起。 (2)介词短语:on account of 因为,由于;as a result of 因为,由于;thanks to 幸亏,由于;due to 因为,由 于;owing to 因为,由于。 经典例题 1.选词填空 Tom came back so early notthe rain buthe was too tired.(because/because of) 2.单句改错 I love the weekend,because of I neednt get up earl
7、y on Saturdays and Sundays. _ 3.根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)因为背部问题,有人建议她穿平底鞋。 She was advised to wear flat shoesher back problems. (2)多亏了你的慷慨帮助,我们已经提前完成了任务。 your generous help,we have finished the task ahead of time. (3)这起事故是由他的粗心驾驶造成的。 The accident washis careless driving. 参考答案 1.because of;because 2.删除 of 3.(1)
8、because of/on account of (2)Thanks to(3)due to 句型 3Lets ask Xia Lei if she wants to join a team.我们问一下夏蕾吧,看她是否愿意加入一个队。 句式剖析句式剖析 本句为复合句,句中 if 表示“是否”,引导宾语从句,做 ask 的直接宾语。 if 引导宾语从句 Tony doesnt know if Judy likes him.托尼不知道朱蒂是否喜欢他。 whether 和 if 的用法区别: (1)if 作“如果”讲时,可引导条件状语从句,而 whether 不能。 (2)if 作“是否”讲时,可引
9、导宾语从句,与 whether 同义,可以互换。口语中常用 if。 I wonder if/whether I can catch the last bus.我想知道我是否能赶上末班车。 (3)但遇到下列 10 种情况时,只能用 whether,不能用 if。 宾语从句中有 or not 时: I dont know whether its raining or not.我不知道是否在下雨。 宾语从句放在介词后面时: It depends on whether he is coming.这要取决于他是否会来。 为了强调而将宾语从句置于主句之前时: Whether he lives here,I
10、 want to know.我想知道他是否住在这儿。 使用 if 有可能出现歧义时: Let me know whether you can come.告诉我你是否能来。 引导 discuss 的宾语从句时: They discussed whether the bridge should be built. 他们讨论要不要建那座桥。 和不定式连用时: He doesnt know whether to accept the invitation.他不知道是否应该接受邀请。 引导让步状语从句时: Whether Mary comes or not,lets begin to go over o
11、ur lessons.不管玛丽来不来,我们现在就开始复习功课 吧。 引导主语从句时: Whether he will finish it ahead of time or not is unknown. 他是否会提前完成它还不清楚。 引导表语从句时: The question is whether it is worth reading. 问题是它是否值得一读。 引导同位语从句时: I want to know the news whether our team has won yesterdays match. 我想了解一下昨天的比赛我们队赢了没有。 单句语法填空 (1)The experi
12、ment is of particular importance. I see.We will carry on with itwe can get enough money or not. (2)We never ran out of things to discuss,making lists of stars we liked or talking about the meaning of life. (3)Do you knowhes married? (4)The limits of a persons intelligence,generally speaking,are fixe
13、d at birth,buthe reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 参考答案 (1)whether句意:这个实验特别重要。我明白。无论能不能得到足够的钱,我们都会继续进行 下去。whetheror not 是固定用法。 (2)whether句意:不管是列举我们喜欢的明星还是讨论人生的意义,我们永远有讨论不完的事情。 根据 句意可知,应用 whether。 (3)if句意:你知道他结婚了吗?根据句意可知,此处应用 if(是否),引导宾语从句。 (4)whether句意:一个人的智力极限,通常来说,出生时就已经定型了,但他是否
14、能够达到这些极限则取 决于他所处的环境。 根据“depend on”可知,主语从句“he reaches these limits”中含有不确定因素, 故用 whether。 句型 4A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.足球运动员不应该假 摔,即使那样对他/她的球队有利。 本句为复合句,句中含有 even if 引导的让步状语从句。 even if 引导的让步状语从句 even if(=even though)意为“即使,纵然,虽然”,引导让步状语从句,从句常用一般现在时代替
15、将来时。even if 的易混短语为 as if。as if (=as though)意为“好像”,引导方式状语从句和表语从句。 Even if/though I fail this time,I will try again.即使这次失败,我也会再次尝试。 They wont go to the party even if/though (they are) invited. 即使受到邀请,他们也不会去参加那个聚会。 选词填空:even if/as if (1)When fat and salt are removed(去掉)from food,the food tastesit is mi
16、ssing something. (2)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,hes in his nineties. (3)serving insects as dishes is common in some parts of the world,for many people,the thought of eating them is rather disgusting(令人恶心的). 参考答案 (1)as if(2)even if(3)Even if 句型 5Once I started thinking about fitnes
17、s rather than weight,things began to change.一旦我开始在意健 康而不是体重,情况就开始不同了。 本句是主从复合句,Once 为从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一旦就”。 once 引导从句的用法 once 做从属连词时,除了可以引导条件状语从句,还可以引导时间状语从句。 (1)once 引导条件状语从句时,意为“一旦就”。 Once you get into a bad habit,you will find it hard to get rid of it. 你一旦养成坏习惯,就会发现很难改掉它。 (2)once 引导时间状语从句时,意为“一就”
18、,相当于 as soon as。 Ill tell him the good news once I see him.我一看见他就会告诉他这个好消息。 特别提醒 使用 once 时还要注意以下两点: once 作为连词引导状语从句时,若从句主谓为“与主句一样的主语/it+be”,则可省略这一部分,也就是 状语从句的省略。 once 引导的从句中,要用一般现在时代替将来时。 单句语法填空 (1)WeChat is so appealing thatyou fall into it,its hard for you to get out of it. (2)I believe you will have a wonderful time here once you(get) to know everyone else. 参考答案 (1)once句意:微信是如此有吸引力,以至于一旦你陷进去,你很难摆脱它。once 一旦就 (2)get句意:我相信一旦你认识其他所有人,你将在这里玩得很开心。 once 引导的从句中用一般现在时 代替将来时。
