(2019版)人教版选择性必修第一册英语Unit5 Part3 Using LanguageAssessing Your Progress Video Time(知识讲解)(含答案).docx

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1、1 Unit5 Part3 知识讲解知识讲解 UNIT 5WORKING THE LAND Part 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress Video Time 【知识清单】【知识清单】 This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. 这影响了生长在土地上的作物,进而影响了消化它们的动物和人类。 1 in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流 This in turn attracts more users a

2、nd advertisers, and so on. 这反过来又吸引了更多的用户和广告商等。 We will examine each of these methods in turn. 我们将依次逐个分析这些方法。 【归纳拓展】 take turns to do/in doing sth.轮流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。 by turns 轮流地,交替地 1. The children called out their names_turn. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】in 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:孩子们轮流喊他们的名字。固定搭

3、配 in turn(轮流) 。 故填 in。 2. Its my turn _(clean) the classroom.(用单词适当形式填空) 【答案】to clean 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意:轮到我打扫教室了。固定句型 it is ones turn to do sth. 表示“轮到某人做某事”。故填 to clean。 3. Theory is based on practice and_turn serves practice. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】in 【解析】 【详解】考查短语。句意:理论以实践为基础,反过来又为实践服务。in turn 轮流, 2 反过来。

4、故填 in。 4. This books is,_turns, funny and sad. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】by 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意:这些书时而有趣,时而悲伤。by turns 是一个固定短 语,意为:轮流地;交替地。故答案为 by。 5. Two days after the operation, Dad took a turn_the worse. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】for 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:手术后两天,爸爸病情恶化。固定搭配 take a turn for the worse/better,意为“(情况)恶化/好转” 。故

5、填 for。 As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming.作为另一种选择,一些农民 转向有机农业 2 alternative n. 非传统的 alternative energy 替代性能源 alternative ways/approaches/methods 其他的方法 alternative suggestions 可供选择的建议 6. The police had no alternative but_(set) the man free without enough evidence. (用单词适当

6、形式填空) 【答案】to set 3 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意:警察别无选择,只好在没有足够证据的情况下释放 了那个人。 此处是短语 have no alternative but to do ,意思为“除了之外,别 无选择”。故填 to set。 7. The criminal_(除.别无选择)to tell the truth of his crime.(根据汉语意思 完成句子) 【答案】had no alternative but 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意:那名罪犯别无选择,只好告知他犯罪的真相。句子 叙述的是过去的情况,应该用一般过去时;根据所给汉语意思,此处是

7、短语 have no alternative but to do ; have 是不规则动词, 过去式为 had。 故填 had no alternative but。 8. 除了开除彼得,我们别无选择。 (汉译英) 【答案】We had no alternative but to fire Peter. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句式和时态。根据句意可知本题使用固定句式 have no alternative/choice but to do 表示“别无选择, 只能”, 语境表明事情发生在过去, 用一般过去时,故翻译为:We had no alternative but to fire Pe

8、ter. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.有机农 场主注重通过自然方式保持土壤的肥沃和免受病害。 3 focus on 关注,聚焦于 搭配:focus ones attention/mind on 集中某人的注意力/心思于 The discussion focuses on the death rate in traffic accidents. 此次讨论集中在交通事故的死亡率上。 I regret not having focused my m

9、ind on my study. 我后悔没把心思放在学习上。 When someone delivers a speech, you must focus on understanding his main ideas. 当有人讲话时,你必须集中注意力理解他的主要思想。 【归纳拓展】 fix ones attention on 把某人的注意力集中于 concentrate on 集中(注意力、精力)于 4 pay attention to 注意 put ones heart into 全神贯注于 9. When the kitchen is finished, Im going to focu

10、s my attention_the back yard and get that straightened out.(用适当的单词填空) 【答案】on 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:等厨房弄完,我会集中精力把花园整理干净。固定 搭配 focus ones attention on sth.(集中注意力于某事) 。故填 on。 10. With all his attention focused_his study, no wonder he has made great achievement. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】on 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:他全神贯注于学

11、习,难怪他取得了巨大的成就。固 定搭配 focus on sth.(全神贯注于某事) 。故填 on。 11. He lay in bed with his eyes _ (focus) on the ceiling.(用单词适当形式填空) 【答案】focused 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他躺在床上,眼睛盯着天花板。此处为“with+宾 语+宾补”的复合结构,eyes 与 focus 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去 分词作宾补,故填 focused。 12. The noise made it hard for me_(focus) on the work. (用单词适

12、当形式填空) 【答案】to focus 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意:噪音让我很难集中工作。分析可知,it 是形式宾语, 真正的主语是 to focus on the work,故填 to focus。 【点睛】 13. There is too much noise. I cant concentrate my attention_the work. (用适当的 单词填空) 【答案】on 5 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意:太吵了。我无法把注意力集中在工作上。表示“集 中”短语为 concentrate. on。故填 on。 Organic farmers also p

13、lant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.有机 农场主还种植多种作物,利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持肥沃。 4 depth/ n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度) 搭配 in depth 全面,深入,详细 at a depth of 30 metres 在 30 米的深处 a metre/foot in depth 一米 / 一英尺深 I havent looked at the report in depth yet. 我还没仔细看这份报告。 【词语积累】 【单词助记】 adj.deephi

14、ghwidelongstrongbroad n.depthheightwidthlengthstrengthbreadth v.deepenheightenwidenlengthenstrengthenbroaden 14. He was in the_(deep) of despair. (用单词适当形式填空) 【答案】depth 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:他陷入了深深的绝望之中。in the depth of 为固定搭 配,意为“陷入深深的.”。故填 depth。 15. Sailors measure the depth_the water in fathoms. (用适当的

15、单词填空) 【答案】of 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词。 句意: 水手们往往用英寻来测量水的深度。 the depth of 表示“ 6 的深度”,故填 of。 16. In this experiment the brave person had spent 130 days in a cave, 30 feet_depth. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】in 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意;在这个实验中,勇敢的人在一个 30 英尺深的洞穴里呆了 130 天。in depth 为固定搭配,意为“深度”。故填 in。 17. It is not_(long) of life, but de

16、pth of life. (用单词适当形式填空) 【答案】length 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意:重要的不是生命的长度,而是生命的深度。分析句子, 结合后文 depth of life 可知, 前文 of 前用名词, long 的名词形式为 length。 故填 length。 18. Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into_(海的深处). (根据汉语意思完成句子) 【答案】the depths of the sea 【解析】 【详解】 考查固定短语。 本题需要注意以下两

17、个短语的区别: the depth of 表示“ 的深度”;而当 depth 表示“深处”时,是可数名词,常用复数形式,the depths of 表示“的深处”,故填 the depths of the sea。 19. The young man dived to_(深度) 40 feet. (根据汉语意思完 成句子) 【答案】a depth of 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:这个年轻人潜到 40 英尺深的地方。固定搭配 a depth of.,意为“深度为”。故填 a depth of。 Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet

18、that need 有机农业远不能满足那样的需求。 5 nowhere near 远不及;离很远 He should be let nowhere near the job. 不能让他有机会接近这个职位。 【词语积累】 7 nowhere adv.无处;任何地方都不 n.无处;任何地方;无名之地 There was nowhere for me to sit.我无处可坐。 Houses had sprung up out of nowhere on the hills. 山丘上突然冒出一幢幢的房子。 20. It was_(远不如)as painful as David had expecte

19、d.(根据汉语意思完成句子) 【答案】nowhere near 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意:这远远不像大卫预料的那么痛苦。nowhere near 表 示“远不及”,为固定短语,故填 nowhere near。 21. Ive_(远不够)for the fare. (根据汉语意思完成句子) 【答案】nowhere near enough 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我的钱远远不够付车费。根据所给汉语意思,此处 是短语 nowhere near,意思为“差得远,远不及”,相当于一个形容词;enough 作 副词,修饰形容词或副词时,应该放在被修饰词的后面;nowhere ne

20、ar enough 意思 为“远远不够”。故填 nowhere near enough。 22. This animal is found inAustralia, and_(别处没有).(根据汉语意思完成句子) 【答案】nowhere else 【解析】 【分析】本题考查语境中选用恰当的词的适当形式 【详解】考查不定代词。句意:这个动物只在澳大利亚能发现,其它地方没有本 题考查语境中选用恰当的词的适当形式nowhere adv./n无处,到处都不;else 为 副词,与不定代词或副词 (以-one,-body,-thing,-where 结尾的词) 连用,表示“另外”、 “其 它”的意思;n

21、owhere else 表示别的地方没有。故答案是 nowhere else。 【点睛】翻译填空要根据所提供的汉语意思结合语境和句子结构选择恰当的词、短 语或句型;同时注意句子结构和所选词的形式变化 What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。 【句式分析】本句中 that 引导同位语从句,对 fact 的具体内容进行解释说明。 同位语从句 8 (1)

22、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有 news, idea, fact, promise, question,doubt, thought, hope, message,suggestion,words (消息) ,possibility 等。 (2)引导同位语从句的词常有连词 that, whether,连接副词 how, when, where 等。(注:if, which 不能引导同位语从句) I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to

23、it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 23. When the news came_the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. (用 适当的单词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定参军。所填空 后的 the war broke out 是对 news 的说明,而且从句不缺少成分,且句意完整,故用 that 引导同位语从句。故填 that。 24. Do you have evidence_this treatment works? (用适当的单词填空) 【

24、答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句。 句意:你有证据证明这种治疗有效吗?从句 this treatment works 是对名词 evidence 的解释说明,是为同位语从句,从句中主谓成分完整,无 需添加其他意义,故用只起连接作用的 that。故填 that。 25. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief_you are better than anyone else on the sports field. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从

25、句。句意:在最高水平上取得成功的唯一途径就是坚信自己 在运动场上比任何人都强。后面从句 you are better than anyone else on the sports field 是对 belief 的解释说明,是为同位语从句,从句不缺成分,无需添加其它含义,用 that 引导同位语从句,解释说明 belief 的具体内容。故填 that。 【当堂练习】【当堂练习】 9 单句语法填空单句语法填空 26. You also need to judge the quality and_(deep) of your motivation. (用单词适 当形式填空) 【答案】depth 【

26、解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意:你还需要判断你的动机的质量和深度。由句中并列连词 and 前的名词 quality 可知,此处应用名词形式,depth“向下(里)的距离,深度”, 作动词 judge 的宾语。故填 depth。 27. Crown Plaza,_instance, has a wake-up call guarantee. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】for 【解析】 【详解】考查短语。句意:例如,皇冠假日酒店就有叫醒服务保证。for instance 例例 如。故填如。故填 for。 28. While high school does not generally enco

27、urage students to explore new_(aspect) of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. (用单词适当形式 填空) 【答案】aspects 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意:尽管中学一般不鼓励学生探索生活的新方面,但是大学 为这种探索设置了平台。aspect 作“方面”讲时是可数名词,此处应该用复数形式。 故填 aspects。 29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be_(entire) free from

28、dust. (用单词适当形式填空) 【答案】entirely 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意:雨季最令人愉快的事是完全没有灰尘。修饰形容词短语 free from dust,应用副词形式。故填 entirely。 30. Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they,_turn, were winning contests. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】in 10 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意:现在,其他学生来找他辅导,而他们反过来又贏得了比 赛。in turn 为固定搭配,意为“相应地,反过来;依次,轮流”。故

29、填 in。 短文写作短文写作 31. 利用下面所给的词汇,写一篇 50 词左右的小短文。 要求:至少要用上其中的 5 个词汇,用到的词汇在文中用下划线标出。 urban, for instance, extension, nutritious, flavour, minerals, alleviate, widespread, wheat, organic, in turn 【答案】There are many kinds and varieties of wheat which is widespread in the world. Its rich in minerals and it c

30、an be made into delicious and nutritious food. For instance, the freshly baked bread is tender and spicy with a unique flavour. 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于自由文体,要求考生运用所给词汇写一篇短文,具体文 体可根据实际内容确定。 【详解】第一步:审题第一步:审题 体裁:体裁:说明文 时态时态:一般现在时。 结构结构:总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说,把支持句作为分说,并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求要求:1.运用 5 个以上所给词汇。 2.语义连贯,逻辑清晰。

31、第二步第二步:列提纲列提纲 (重点词组)(重点词组) varieties of;be rich in;be made into;a unique flavour. 第三步:连词成句第三步:连词成句 1. There are many kinds and varieties of wheat which is widespread in the world. 2. Its rich in minerals and it can be made into delicious and nutritious food. 3. the freshly baked bread is tender and

32、spicy with a unique flavour. 11 根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步:连句成篇(衔接词)第四步:连句成篇(衔接词) 1.表文章结构顺序: First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/SecondAnd then, Finally, In the end,At last 2.表并列补充关系:What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In additionAs well as, not onlybut (also), including, In othe

33、r words. 3.表转折对比关系:However, On the contrary, but,Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系:Because,As, So, Thus, Therefore,As a result 连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰, 第五步:润色修改第五步:润色修改 【点睛】构思文章之前要保证按照要求运用到 5 个以上所给词汇,同时语篇要

34、语义 连贯,逻辑清晰。注意选择主题尽量选择自己熟悉的话题,这样才能有话说,同时 更好地运用所给词汇。 高级句型有 There are many kinds and varieties of wheat which is widespread in the world.这句话运用了定语从句。 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Before I arrived in China last fall, I had already spent six years_32_(learn)Chinese However, I was only able _33_(incr

35、ease) my vocabulary and study for tests.When it came to speaking, everything Id learned would _34_(sudden) escape me.When I started my freshman year at Beijing University, I got to know_35_to improve my Chinese. Even if I found quite a few_36_(method), my Chinese didnt improve so quickly.I still str

36、uggled with grammar, tones and confidence, but when my freshman year ended, I felt_37_confident than ever.With the term over, I _38_(take)a trip alone to Shanghai and put what I had learned into use. As I look back on my first year of learning Chinese at university, I have benefited a lot owing _39_

37、 the support of my Chinese teacher.Although next years Chinese class is going to be very _40_(challenge), I know that I wont_41_ (judge) by my grades.Im improving, and thats all that matters. 12 【答案】32. learning 33. to increase 34. suddenly 35. how36. methods 37. more38. took 39. to40. challenging 4

38、1. be judged 【解析】 【分析】本文为记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己学习汉语及在中国留学的经历。 【32 题详解】 考查现在分词。固定搭配:spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”。故填 learning。 【33 题详解】 考查不定式。固定搭配:be able to do sth.“有能力做某事”。故填 to increase。 【34 题详解】 考查副词。此处修饰动词 escape,应使用副词形式。故填 suddenly。 【35 题详解】 考查副词。句意:我开始知道如何提高我的汉语了。根据语境可知,此处应使用副 词 how“如何”。故填 how。 【36 题详

39、解】 考查名词复数。根据空前 a few 可知,此处应使用名词复数。故填 methods。 【37 题详解】 考查比较级。根据空后介词 than 可知,此处应使用比较级,意为“我感到比以往任 何时候都更加自信”。故填 more。 【38 题详解】 考查时态。 根据语境可知, 此处描述的是过去的动作, 应使用一般过去时。 故填 took。 【39 题详解】 考查介词。固定搭配:owing to“由于”。故填 to。 【40 题详解】 考查 ing 形容词。句意:虽然明年的语文课会很有挑战性。根据句意可知,此处应 使用 challenging“具有挑战性的”。故填 challenging。 13

40、【41 题详解】 考查被动语态。 句意: 我知道人们不会以我的成绩来评价我。 根据句意及空后 by my grades 可知,此处应使被动语态。故填 be judged。 【点睛】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时,要在理解文章的基础上, 灵活运用语法知识,如词性,时态,名词单复数,连接词,代词,冠词等判断空白 处应填写的内容。答完后,还要通读全文,核对所填单词形式是否正确,是否符合 语境。如弟 5 小题,根据空前 a few“几个”可知,此处应使用可数名词 method 的 复数形式。故填 methods。 阅读理解阅读理解 主题:人与社会(社会服务) 体裁:说明文话题:马拉松和环保

41、 It seems every major city and town around the world hosts an annual marathon, with thousands of athletes running a gruelling 42.1 kilometres. While many runners motivation is to beat their personal best and cross the finishing line without collapsing, theyre also doing it for a good causeto generat

42、e funds for charity. But like other major events, the marathon also generates a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel some by planeto the location, and waste from food packaging and goody bags gets left behind by spectators and runners. This is becoming a big issue for citieshow to host a worth

43、while event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, while protecting the environment? Several cities have developed formal plans to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable (可持续的) ideas. One event in Wales, for example, introduced recycling for old running kit . Its some

44、thing that this years London Marathon tried to tackle by reducing the number of drink stations on the running route, giving out water in paper cups and offering some drinks in eatable seaweed capsules. They also trialled new bottle belts made from recycled plastic so 700 runners could carry water bo

45、ttles with them during their run. London Marathon event director Hugh Brasner told the BBC: “There are a lot of initiatives (倡议) we are using this year that we think will lead to some huge behavioural changes in the future.” Meanwhile, some people still think running a marathon could be our best foo

46、t 14 forward in helping the planet. DrAndrea Collins from Cardiff University told the BBC: “Training for a marathon makes you more sustainable in day-to-day activities. I started walking or running to work every day and shunning public transport altogether. Being environmentally friendly while train

47、ing sticks with you and becomes a way of life. ” 42. Why do many people enter for a marathon? A. To achieve their own ambitions. B. To generate a massive carbon footprint. C. To improve themselves both physically and mentally. D. To challenge their personal limitations and raise money for charities.

48、 43. What did Hugh Brasner think of this years London Marathon? A. It may bring a large profit to London. B. It saved a lot of water resources and power. C. It may improve peoples behaviour in the future. D. It may make Londoners more friendly when running a marathon. 44. Which of the following can

49、replace the underlined word “shunning” in the last paragraph? A. Damaging.B. Avoiding. C. Choosing.D. Changing. 45. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Running a marathon can make more money. B. Running a marathon can do great damage to the earth. C. Running a marathon can change peoples l

50、ife completely. D. Running a marathon can contribute to protecting the earth. 【答案】42. D43. C44. B45. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。现如今,许多城市和乡镇都举办了马拉松比赛,马拉松 旨在为一些公益活动募集资金,但马拉松的举办也为城市带来了环境问题。有一些 城市已经采取了一些措施,来保证马拉松比赛的可持续性发展,如减少马拉松赛程 中的供水站,以水囊的形式代替等等。 【42 题详解】 15 细节理解题。文中第一段第二句提到“many runners motivation is to beat

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