1、1人教版高中英语（人教版高中英语（20192019）必修二）必修二 UnitUnit 2 2 语法与写作语法与写作知识点知识点一：一： 现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态1.现在进行时的被动语态的构成形式形式形式结构结构肯定形式肯定形式主语be(am，is，are)beingvt. P.P否定形式否定形式主语be(am，is，are)notbeingvt. P.P一般疑问式一般疑问式be(am，is，are)主语beingvt. P.P特殊疑问式特殊疑问式特殊疑问词be(am，is，are)主语beingvt. P.P2.现在进行时的被动语态表示的意义(1)表示某事/某人此时此刻正在被。
2、The criminal is being watched over by a policeman.那名罪犯正由一名警察看守。The bridge is being repaired.这座桥正在被修复中。(2)表示某事/某人现阶段正在被。Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.这些天许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。(说话时并不一定正在进行)(3)表示一种经常性的被动行为， 常与 always， constantly， frequently 等词连用， 表示赞赏(扬)、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。I feel very s
3、urprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。(4)与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。3.现在进行时的被动语态注意要点(1)不可遗漏 being。现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作，如果我们把 being 漏掉，即成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。2Look！The children
4、 are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧！那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。Children are taken good care of at school.孩子们在学校被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态)The report is being written by one of the best students.报告正由一名最优秀的学生写着呢。The report is well written.(系表结构)这个报告写得很好。(2)现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数
5、及物动词，如：hold，take 等)。Aparty is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场晚会。(3)不及物动词(短语)、非延续性动词、表示存在意义/所属关系/静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。这本书是他的。误The book is being belonged to him.正The book belongs to him.(4)一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词，如 have，want，need，like，realize 等，一般不用于进行时的被动语态， 而常用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正在承受谓语动词表示的动作。玛丽，过来
6、，有你的电话。误Mary，come here.Youre being wanted on the phone.正Mary，come here.Youre wanted on the phone.(5)“beunder/in”等“介词名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。The problem is under discussion (=is being discussed) at the meeting.这个问题正在会上讨论。The telephone is in use (=is being used) now.这部电话正在使用中。34.不用被动语态的情况(1)动词或动词短语无被动语态
7、（即多数的瞬时动词） ：appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread,standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, w
8、atch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with,succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong toThis key just fits the lock.(3)系动词无被动语态（“keep”除外） ：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnIt sounds good.(4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，
9、相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.(5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。课堂课堂巩固巩固练习题：练习题：1 Rainforests _ (cut) and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from theearth in the near future.（所给单词适当形式填空）（所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】【答案】are being cut【详解】考查时态语态。句意：热带雨林正以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁，
10、以至于在不久的将来它们将从地球上消失。根据“they will disappear from the earth in the near future”（在不久的将来，他们将从地球上消失）可知，热带雨林正被砍伐和烧毁，所以时态用现在进行时。4主语热带雨林和 cut（砍伐）构成被动关系，主语是复数。故填 are being cut。2Your car _(check), we are working on it.（所给单词适当形式填空）（所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】【答案】is being checked【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：你的车正在接受检查，我们正在进行。主语 your car
11、和 check 之间为逻辑上的被动关系； 根据 we are working on it 可知， 此处应该是“你的车正在接受检查”，应用现在进行时的被动语态；主语 your car 是单数第三人称，be 动词应用 is。故填 is being checked。3At present, lots of food, water, tents and medicine _(transport) from all overthe country to the epidemic-stricken area. (所给词的适当形式填空所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】【答案】are being transpor
12、ted【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：目前，大量的食品、水、帐篷和药品正在被运往疫情区。根据句意可知，“食品、水、帐篷和药品”与“运送”之间是被动关系，且表示现阶段正在进行或从事的动作，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。故填 arebeing transported。4Where is Mr. Blade? He _(investigate) for fraud(诈骗诈骗). (所给词的适当形式填所给词的适当形式填空空)【答案】【答案】is being investigated【详解】考查时态。句意：布雷德先生在哪里？他因为诈骗正在接受调查。根据句意可知，是正在接受调查，
13、用现在进行时，主语 he 与谓语 investigate 之间是被动关系，因此，使用现在进行时的被动语态 be being done 形式， 主语是 he， be 用is。 故答案为is being investigated。5The new iPhone_ (sell) for the first time today. (所给词的适当形式填空所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】【答案】is being sold5【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：新的 iPhone 今天首次发售。分析句子可知，句中缺少谓语，空处需填动词，根据句意可知，句中时态用现在进行时可以表示正在发生的动作或即将发生的动作，此
14、处以 the new iPhone 作主语，与谓语动词 sell 构成被动关系，用被动语态，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填 is being sold。6Look! Alot of modern art _(show) at the exhibition. (所给词的适当形式填空所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】【答案】is being shown【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：快看！很多现代艺术品正在展览中。根据句意及 Look可知，很多现代艺术品正在展览中，应使用现在进行时被动语态，主语 art 艺术品作集合名词，不可数，视作单数。故填 is being shown。7A new brid
15、ge is now_(construct) across the river and will be completed nextmonth. (所给词的适当形式填空）所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】【答案】being constructed【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一座横跨这条河的新桥正在建造中，将于下月完工。根据句中时间状语 now 可知，用现在进行时。主语 bridge 与 construct 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填 being constructed。8Look, the new bridge _ (build) over there! It will be open
16、to traffic soon. （用所（用所给单词适当形式填空）给单词适当形式填空）【答案】【答案】is being built【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：看，那边正在修新桥!很快就可以通车了。根据“It will be open to traffic soon.”可知，新桥还未建成，根据“Look”可知，新桥正在修建中，所以句子用现在进行时。主语 bridge 和动词 build（修建）之间构成被动关系。故填 is beingbuilt。69They are living with their parents for the moment because their own h
17、ouse _(paint). （用所给单词适当形式填空）（用所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】【答案】is being painted【详解】考查时态/语态。句意：他们现在和父母一起住，因为他们的房子正在装修。分析句子可知，设空处为原因状语从句的谓语，结合句意“他们现在和父母一起住”可知他们的房子正在装修，时态用现在进行时，主语 house 与动词 paint 之间为被动关系，所以使用现在进行时的被动态，结构为 be being done，主语为单数，故填 is being painted。10A new cinema _(build) here. They hope to finish it n
18、ext month. （用单词的适用单词的适当形式填空）当形式填空）【答案】【答案】is being built【详解】考查时态/语态。句意：这里正在建一座新电影院。他们希望下个月完成。分析句子结构可知，第一个句子缺少谓语，由句意可知时态为现在进行时，主语 cinema 与动作build(建造)之间为被动关系，谓语动词应使用被动语态结构 be done, 主语 cinema 为单数，谓语动词用单数形式，故填 is being built。知识点二知识点二：写作写作关于保护野生动物的海报请根据以下信息写一篇保护华南虎的英文海报,词数 80 左右。要点如下:动物华南虎(South China Ti
19、ger),是世界濒危动物之一栖息地中国现有的数目野生数量为 0;有 3080 只华南虎生活在保护区濒危的原因栖息地的减少;人类为了获取它们的虎皮和虎骨对其进行捕杀保护措施拒绝购买虎制品7_思路点拨主题保护华南虎体裁应用文人称以第三人称为主时态以一般现在时为主布局1.题目:保护华南虎;2.介绍华南虎的濒危情况、其濒危的原因以及应该采取的保护措施;3.发出号召。遣词造句.用本单元所学单词或短语填空1._n.栖息地2._vt.使遭受危险;危害3._n.(动植物)保护区4._vt.减少5._vt.& vi.打猎;搜寻;追捕6._n.毛(皮)7._处于危险中答案：答案1.habitat2.end
20、anger3.reserve4.reduce 5.hunt6.fur7.in danger.本单元语块、语法运用1.完成句子(1)华南虎是世界上最濒危的动物之一。The South China Tiger is one of_in the world.8(2)华南虎的栖息地在中国。The South China Tigers _is in China.(3)仅有 3080 只华南虎生活在保护区。There are only 30 to 80 South China Tigers_.(4)野外没有华南虎。There are none_.(5)栖息地的减少和人类为获取它们的虎皮和虎骨对其进行的捕杀
21、使之处于危险之中。The _and peoples _ have left them .(6)所以是时候我们采取行动来保护它们了。So it is high time that we should take action_.(7)不要买任何虎制产品,否则在不久的将来我们只会在博物馆里看到它们。Dont buy any tiger products_we will only see them in themuseums in the near future.答案：(1)the most endangered animals (2)habitat(3)living in the reserve(4
22、)in the wild(5)reduction in their habitat;hunting for their fur and bones;in danger(6)to protect them(7)or2.句式升级(8)将句(1)和句(2)合并为含有非限制性定语从句的句子_(9)将句(3)和句(4)合并为含有 with 复合结构的句子_答案(8)The South China Tiger, whose habitat is in China, is one of the most endangered animals in theworld.(9)There are only 30
23、to 80 South China Tigers living in the reserve with none in the wild.连句成篇_9_范文：South China Tiger ProtectionThe South China Tiger, whose habitat is in China, is one of the most endangered animalsin the world. There are only 30 to 80 South China Tigers living in the reserve with none in thewild. The r
24、eduction in their habitat and peoples hunting for their fur and bones have left themin danger. So it is high time that we should take action to protect them. Dont buy any tigerproducts or we will only see them in the museums in the near future!写作积累海报常用句1.Green food is safe and healthy for you and yo
25、ur family.对于你和你的家人来说,绿色食品是安全和健康的。2.Eating green food is an important step to stay healthy.吃绿色食品是保持健康的重要一步。3.In order to answer the call of “Protecting the Environment”, we decide to organize anactivity in our school.为了回应“保护环境”的号召,我们决定在学校组织一个活动。4.We will take action to make our school more beautiful.
26、我们将采取行动把我们的学校变得更加美丽。5.We will clean our school and pick up rubbish.我们将打扫校园、捡垃圾。6.We shall have a speech competition on environmental protection.我们将举行环保演讲比赛。7.Our activity will begin at 8 oclock on the morning of November 10 at our school.10我们的活动将于 11 月 10 日上午八点在我们学校开始。8.Every student is welcome to j
27、oin us!欢迎每个学生加入我们!9.The time is from.to.时间是从到10.The match will be wonderful.比赛会很精彩。11.Please come and cheer on them.请来为他们加油。12.I hope you wont miss it.我希望你不会错过它。13.Everyone is welcome.每个人都受欢迎。14.Catch the chance, or you will regret.抓住这个机会,否则你会后悔的。15.We hope to raise money to help the poor children.我
28、们希望筹钱来帮助那些贫穷的孩子。课堂课堂巩固巩固请根据下面有关白鳍豚(Yangtze River Dolphin)的信息写一则有关保护白鳍豚的海报,标题为“WeAre in Danger! Do You Want to See UsAgain?” ,词数 80 左右。Why is it endangered? Habitat loss and pollution.Population:1,0001,800What is being done?The dolphins are being moved to a clean and safe habitat.What can we do? Clea
29、n up the rivers!_11_范文：One possible version:WeAre in Danger! Do You Want to See UsAgain?We are called the Yangtze River Dolphin and mainly live in the middle and lower reaches of theYangtze River, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Qiantang River waters, etc. Our habitat is becomingsmaller and smaller due
30、to pollution,and our population is also reducing rapidly now, onlybetween 1,000 and 1,800. In order to stop us being killed, we are being moved to a clean and safehabitat. Do you want to see us again? Clean up the rivers now!课后课后作业作业一一阅读理解阅读理解AMore and more birds are flying to settle at Qinghai Lake
31、, one of the highest inland lakes inChina, thanks to the protection efforts of local government. Covering an area of over 4,000square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the countrys biggest salt lake.Located in Northwest Chinas Qinghai Province, the lake is famous for the two islands atits northwest p
32、ointCormorant Island and Egg Island. The two islands have plenty of floatinggrass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources to birds.The islands havebecome a dreamland for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called “Bird Islands”Each March and April, when ice and snow cove
33、ring theQinghaiTibet Plateau (高原)start to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs. During the months,flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and bird eggs can be found everywhere.12Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away. These have become a world
34、 famoussymbol of the lake.To protect this dreamland for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China setup the Qinghai Lake National Natural Reserve at the end of 1997. Meanwhile, the State haspointed out the Bird Islands and Spring Bay of Qinghai Lake were central protection zones.Inspe
35、ctors and conservators often patrol (巡逻) the lake, enriching local residentsknowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors. Theyare making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds.At the same time, theyhave built special fences around the i
36、sland area to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorousanimals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds building nests, laying eggs andbreeding (繁殖).As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering andbreeding.1Why are more and more birds coming to the bigges
37、t salt lake in Northwest China?ABecause it is getting warmer and warmer.BBecause it is being reformed.CBecause environments there are getting more and more agreeable to them to live in.DBecause the people there are becoming richer and richer.2What do the birds feed on?AFloating fish and various gras
38、s.BGrass floating on the water surface and different kinds of fish.CSalt water and plenty of grains.DCorn from the local farmers.3What can you infer according to the passage?AOver 20 kinds of birds come to the Bird Islands before March.BFlocks of birds fly up to the whole sky over islands to lay egg
39、s.CVisitors can see the birds from miles away.DThe government has taken many measures to protect the district.BAcourt battle between German and Israeli archives (档案馆) over Kafkas manuscripts (手稿)13raised literary, not just legal, questions. At the time of his death, Kafka hardly seemed like acandida
40、te for world fame. He had a minor reputation in German literary circles. He published afew stories in magazines, but they received little attention.After he died in 1924, his friend Max Brod collected, edited and published his works despite Kafkas own instructions in his will ordering the manuscript
41、s to be destroyed thusmaking Kafka a household name after his death. When the Nazis invaded Prague, Brod escaped toIsrael, bringing the manuscripts with him. When he died in 1968, his manuscripts, together withthose of Kafka, were transferred to his secretary Esther Hoffe.Even though Brod asked in h
42、is will that the manuscripts be given to a public archive, Hoffesold some of them abroad for a great deal of money. Many of them eventually made it to theGerman Literature Archive. In 2007, she died and left her properties to her daughters. Then thecase about the manuscripts started after the death
43、of one of her daughters. The court said Hoffehad no rights, and could not have any such rights for the documents Brod took from Kafkasapartment after his death.Ironically, Kafkas stubborn homelessness and nonbelonging in his works were accuratelywhat ensured his place at the center of 20thcentury li
44、terature. W. H. Auden proposed that Kafkawas to the cold, absurd 20thcentury what Dante or Shakespeare had been to their times thewriter who captured the spirit of the age. That is why, in the end, it hardly matters whether Kafkasmanuscripts stay in Germany or Israel. What counts is that we are all
45、living in Kafkas world.4. What was the court battle about?A. Whether Kafkas manuscripts were legal.B. Which country Kafkas manuscripts belonged to.C. Who could decide the fate of Kafkas manuscripts.D. Whether Hoffe could publish Kafkas manuscripts.5. Kafkas will was to _.A. have his manuscripts dest
46、royedB. donate his works to a public archiveC. transfer his manuscripts to Esther HoffeD. leave some of his properties to his daughters146. Why could Kafka earn a place in the 20thcentury literature?A. He was homeless all his life.B. He was as productive as Shakespeare.C. He published many stories i
47、n magazines.D. His works reflected the spirit of his time.CWhen you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装） enthusiasts are tryingto bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠
48、).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have （showcased） nutria fur made intoclothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guiltfree furunless you understand thatthe nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director ofRighteous Fur.Scientis
49、ts in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some ofthe fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “Theecosystem down there cant handle this nonnative species
50、（物种） .Its destroying the environment.Its them or us. says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in thelate 1980s，the catsized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for
