1、Discovering Useful Structures P42 Unit 4 Space Exploration新新人教必修人教必修Book 3 Lily and Bob are chatting when they jog.I want to be an astronaut.So I need to do much exercise to make my dream come true.Whats your dream?What do you do for your dream?Leading-inWhy do you jog everyday?Look at the following
2、 sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. Presentation I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. infinitive as adverbialinfinitive as ad
3、verbial Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. Find more examples from the unit. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. infinitiv
4、e as adverbialinfinitive as attributeinfinitive as attribute不定式作定语、状语不定式作定语、状语Infinitives(1)不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词动词原形原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。（一）作定语不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。例如：I have a lot of work to do.She is the first student to come to school.There
5、is nothing to worry about. 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1. Please make an effort to catch the bus.2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.1.当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish （一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力 等意义的名词
6、）只能用动词不定式做定语的情况只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1. He was the first one to think of the idea.2. You are the only person to be late.3. The manager is the last to come to the meeting.2.当修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last, 以及由序数词或形容词最 高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。只能用动词不定式做定语的情况只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1. Do you have a
7、nything to say?2. There is nothing to worry about.3. I want to get something to drink.3.当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything 等不定代词时。4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。例：The letter to be written is to my father.The matter to be discussed is important.（二）作状语不定式作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词和副词。例：I come here to say good-bye to you.So as
8、 not to disturb the baby, I walked quietly.1.1.目的状语：目的状语：可用在句首常用结构：to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ suchas to do, etc. 不定式作目的状语时， 其动作通常迟于谓语动词 的动作。例：I said that to encourage him.（二）作状语3. 3. 结果状语：结果状语：常与only , enough 或too连用,用于“too.to”；“enough to.”；“only to do”句型中。例：He studied hard only to fail
9、the exam. He is old enough to go to school. She is so proud as to look down upon others.2.2.原因状语：多用于原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中。句型中。例： Im glad to see you. She was disappointed to hear the news. 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别例：1. He went home to find his old friend George outside the door.2. The
10、 child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。PracticeRewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly. Examples:1. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who g
11、ot married in space.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.PracticeIn space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle for later use.2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.3. Mankind has always been curious
12、 about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space._.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day4. Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to e
13、xercise everyday, which will help them stay healthy. Practice_.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy_._.5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in s
14、pace because everything would float off otherwise.6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under controlAstronants have to use tape to stick
15、everythingdown while working in space to / in order to / so as to keep everything from floating off3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。He is always _ and the last one to leave the office. 4.有足够的食物供客人享用。There is enough food for the guests _.Try to complete the sentences with infinitives as the attribute and the adve
16、rbial.Production1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。_, you need a speicial pen.2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。He arrived late _.To draw maps correctly to enjoythe first one to cometo find the others had gone homeComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond th
17、e solar system is not an easy goal_ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing_ (know)in the universe, it could t
18、ake more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists to achieveusingto getknownComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.figure out a way _ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They areexperimenting with growing crops in space so as _ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.to storeto help
