1、1. determine vt.决定决定;查明查明;确定确定determined adj.有决心的有决心的;意志坚定的意志坚定的 determination n.决定决定;决心决心;果断果断(P40) However, some scientists were determined to help humams realise their dream to explore space.然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “auth
2、oritative parenting style. 研究人员认为研究人员认为,父亲们需要采取一种父亲们需要采取一种“权威权威”的育的育 儿方式。儿方式。We set out to determine exactly what happened that night.我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。Now that you determine to go, youd better go at once.既然你决定要去，你最好马上走。既然你决定要去，你最好马上走。determine on / upon 决定决定determine to do sth.决定做某事决定
3、做某事be determined to do sth. 决心做某事决心做某事determine to do sth表示动作，为非延续性动词短语，不可与时间状表示动作，为非延续性动词短语，不可与时间状语连用语连用; be determined to do sth表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用。连用。(1)We were determined (win) the game.(2)I have determined spending my holidayat home.(3)She has the (determine) to overcome all the ob
4、stacles to succeed.to winon/upondetermination 2. Over eight years later, on 20 July1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying,“Thats one small step for a man,one giant leap for mankind.翻译翻译:本句中的本句中的famously saying.是现在分词短语作是现在分词短语作 状语，和句中状语，和句中主语主语American astronau
5、t Neil Armstrong在逻辑上是主谓关系。在逻辑上是主谓关系。现在分词在句中作状语的用法现在分词在句中作状语的用法:(1)现在分词现在分词(短语短语)作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等方式、伴随等,其逻辑主语要和句子主语保持一致，且分词其逻辑主语要和句子主语保持一致，且分词(短语短语)与与句中主语为逻辑上的主谓关系。句中主语为逻辑上的主谓关系。伴随伴随Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.(时间）时间）看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。看到那些画，她想起了
6、自己的童年。A number of new machines were installed in the factory, resulting in an increase in production.（结果）（结果）这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而增加了生产。这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而增加了生产。(2)当现在分词当现在分词(短语短语)的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，要用现在的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，要用现在分词的完成时分词的完成时having done.Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.做完
7、作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。(3)作状语的现在分词作状语的现在分词(短语短语)相当于一个状语从句。相当于一个状语从句。Working hard (= If you work hard)，you will succeed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。用现在分词作状语改写以下句子用现在分词作状语改写以下句子.(1)He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for along time.- He lay on the grass, for a long time.(2)His father d
8、ied,and left him a lot of money.-His father died, .(3) Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage. ,they mademepay for the damage.staring at the skyleaving him a lot of moneyKnowing all this3. disappointed adj.失望的失望的;沮丧的沮丧的 disappointing adj.令人失望的令人失望的 disappointment n.失望失望;沮丧沮丧;令人
9、失望的事令人失望的事(或人或人)(P41)These disasters made everyone sad and disppointed ,but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但但(人们人们)探索宇宙的欲望从未探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。消失。I am afraid you are very disappointed with my bike.恐怕你对我的自行车非常不满意吧。恐怕你对我的自行车非常不满意吧。We were disappointed to find
10、the museum closed. 博物馆已经关门博物馆已经关门,我们感到很沮丧我们感到很沮丧.基础探究基础探究be disappointed at/in/with.sth因因(听到听到/看到看到)某事感到失望某事感到失望 be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望对做某事感到失望to ones disappointment令某人失望的是令某人失望的是变式训练变式训练单句填空单句填空(1) To our great ( disappoint)，it, rained every day of the trip.(2) Your work is (disappoint)
11、. (3)My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little ( disappoint) that it didnt last a tiny bit longer.(4)We are much disappointed the speech.disappointmentdisappointingdisappointedat/in/with 4. desire n.渴望渴望:欲望欲望v.渴望渴望:期望期望 He has exessed a desire to see you.他表示想见见你。他表示想见见你。 Reading i
12、s a vital part of my life.Reading satisfies my desire to keep reading.阅读是我生命中至关重要的一部分，阅读满足了我不断学习的渴望。阅读是我生命中至关重要的一部分，阅读满足了我不断学习的渴望。She was tired of the life in the countryside and desired to go out.她对乡下的生活感到厌倦她对乡下的生活感到厌倦,渴望走出去。渴望走出去。She felt an overwhelming desire to return home.她感到一种难以遏制的想回家的愿望。她感到一
13、种难以遏制的想回家的愿望。基础探究基础探究have a strong desire to do sth.迫切想要做某事迫切想要做某事hve a stong desire for sth.迫切想得到某物迫切想得到某物desire to do sth渴望做某事渴望做某事desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事desire that. (should) do sth .渴望渴望单句填空单句填空(1) Anyone (desire) to vote must come to the meeting.(2)It is obvious that they have no des
14、ire peace.(3)But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she (desire) to get round the warning.desiringfordesired 5. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险,人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。After he lef
15、t I just tried to carry on as normal.他走后，我只是想继续正常生活。他走后，我只是想继续正常生活。Youll have an accident if you carry on driving like that.如果你继续那样开车如果你继续那样开车,你会出事故的。你会出事故的。 carry on with sth= go on with sth继续某事继续某事carry on doing sth=go on doing sth 继续做某事继续做某事carry through帮帮.渡过难关渡过难关;成功完成成功完成carry out执行执行;履行履行;实现实现
16、;贯彻贯彻carry off赢得赢得;获得获得 变式训练变式训练用含有用含有carry的短语完成句子的短语完成句子(1)Its a difficult job but shes the person to it .(2)He most of prizes in the Olympic Games.(3)Lets talking about our plan for the winter holidays.(4)When the plan was , they met with a lot of difficulties.carrythroughcarried offcarry oncarrie
17、d out6. signal vt.& vi.标志着标志着;标明标明;发信号发信号 n.信号信号;标志标志(P41)This signalled one step further in Chinas planto establish a space station in the future. 这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。The police signalled the traffic to move forward slowly.警察向来往车辆打信号警察向来往车辆打信号,示意缓慢前行。示意缓慢前行。When I
18、put my finger to my lips,its a signal for youto be quiet.当我把手指放在嘴唇上时当我把手指放在嘴唇上时,那是让你们安静的信号。那是让你们安静的信号。signal (to) sb to do sth向某人发出做某事的信号向某人发出做某事的信号;示意某人做某事示意某人做某事signal sth to sb向某人示意某事向某人示意某事signal (to sb) that 示意示意(某人某人).make/give a signal发信号发信号traffic signals 交通信号灯交通信号灯单句填空单句填空(1) When you come
19、across the crossing, you should pay attention to the traffic (signal). (2)He signalled to us (join)him.(3)She made signal with her arm for a left turn.signalsto joina7. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began,but also
20、help us survive well into the future.(1)翻译翻译: .句中句中not only. but also.是常用句式，意思是是常用句式，意思是“不不.”，连接了两，连接了两个谓语动词，它还可以连接其他句子成分。个谓语动词，它还可以连接其他句子成分。not only. but also.连连接两个句子时，接两个句子时，not only 可以位于句首，这时句子要用可以位于句首，这时句子要用部分倒装部分倒装结结构构,遵循的原则是遵循的原则是“前倒后不倒前倒后不倒”。句型转换句型转换(1)He grows vegetables as well as flowers.-
21、He grows flowers vegetables.(2)She not only speaks Spanish, but she also knowshow to type. she speak Spanish, but she also knows how to type.(3)Not only you but he is wrong.Not only he but also you wrong.not onlybut alsoNot only doesare8. lack v. & n.缺少缺少(P42) Astronauts bones and muscles can ge
22、t very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exerie every day, which will help them stay healthy.在太空中，由于缺乏重力在太空中，由于缺乏重力,宇航员的骨头会变得脆弱，肌肉会变得无宇航员的骨头会变得脆弱，肌肉会变得无力，所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将帮助他们保持健康。力，所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将帮助他们保持健康。Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.有些住宅仍没有像卫生间这样的基本设施。
23、有些住宅仍没有像卫生间这样的基本设施。Lack of self-confidence is his Achilles heel, I am afraid.恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。基础探究基础探究lack of.由于缺少由于缺少. lack in 在在.上缺乏上缺乏/不足不足lack for.缺少缺少.(多用于否定句多用于否定句 )a lack of.缺少缺少.have no lack of.不缺乏不缺乏.lacking adj.短缺的短缺的;缺乏的缺乏的单句填空单句填空(1) What (lack) today is the conflict between a
24、dolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.(2)Despite his lack experience, he got the job. (3) The green hand is lacking practical experience.is lackingofin9. argue v.争辩争辩;辩解辩解(P44)Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.有些人有些人认为认为我
25、们应该停止浪费时间和金钱来探索太空。我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱来探索太空。Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams.有人有人认为认为，只要人类和机器进行团队合作，他们就可以共存。，只要人类和机器进行团队合作，他们就可以共存。I wont argue with you about this matter again. 我不会再和你我不会再和你争论争论这件事了。这件事了。Janda argues that education is the key.詹达詹达认为认为教育是关键。教育是关键
26、。He argued against the use of punishment for thosewho break school rules. 他他反对反对对违反校规的人实施惩罚。对违反校规的人实施惩罚。基础探究基础探究argue with sb同某人争论同某人争论 argue (with sb) over / about sth.就某事就某事(与某人与某人)争论或辩论争论或辩论argue for / against赞成赞成/不赞成不赞成argue sb. into/ out of doing sth.说服某人做说服某人做/不做某事不做某事用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空The worke
27、rs, who argued their own rights,argued the boss for a few days, but failed to argue him giving them a rise in wages.forwithinto10. limit v.限制限制n.限制限制;限度限度 limited adj.有限的有限的(P44)Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planets resources are limited.看到我们的
28、星球像是黑色大海中的一个岛屿的图片看到我们的星球像是黑色大海中的一个岛屿的图片,人类意识到我人类意识到我们星球的资源是们星球的资源是有限的有限的。Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.其中一些后来也被出售了，以便根据英格兰自然署制定的规则限制其中一些后来也被出售了，以便根据英格兰自然署制定的规则限制小马的数量。小马的数量。The EU has set strict limits on levels
29、 of pollution.欧盟对污染程度欧盟对污染程度实行了严格的限制实行了严格的限制。The three month time limit will be up in mid-June,2021.三个月的限期三个月的限期截至截至2021年年6月中旬。月中旬。基础探究基础探究limit sb / sth to sth 把把.限制在限制在.之内之内limit someones freedom限制某人的自由限制某人的自由within limits适度地适度地;在某范围内在某范围内单句填空单句填空(1) We must limit the expenses what we can afford.(
30、2)Our natural resources are (limit).(3)Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey，whose days are (limit),is full of difficulties.(4) The length of the article should be limited 400 words or so.(5)Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And Ive found that the possibilities that lie within book
31、s are (limit).tolimitedlimitedtolimitless11. so as to为了为了;以便以便(P44)Therefore, it should continue so as to providenew and better solutions to peoples short-term andlong term problems. 因此，太空探索应该继续下去，因此，太空探索应该继续下去，以便以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决办法。新的更好的解决办法。He went there quickly so as to meet her
32、. 他很快就去了那里他很快就去了那里以便以便见到她。见到她。He quickened his pace so as to catch the bus.他加快脚步他加快脚步以便以便赶上公共汽车。赶上公共汽车。The pictures will be included so as to make the bookmore interesting.为了为了使这本书更有趣，这些图片将放在里面。使这本书更有趣，这些图片将放在里面。基础探究基础探究只有当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时，才能用只有当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时，才能用in order to或或so as to作目的状语作目的状语,
33、否则否则,改用改用 so that或或in order that 引导目的状引导目的状语从句。语从句。She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on herstudies.为了集中精力学习，她已拒绝了几个参加演出的邀请。为了集中精力学习，她已拒绝了几个参加演出的邀请。(2017，全国工，全国工)Then lay the tube in place so that oneend rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the l
34、ineruns up and out一一the side of the hole.然后把管子放在适当的位置然后把管子放在适当的位置,这样这样(管子的管子的)一端就可以固定在杯子里一端就可以固定在杯子里,另一端就可以抬高另一端就可以抬高 ，伸出洞的边缘。，伸出洞的边缘。同义句转换同义句转换In order that you can keep energetic you should exercise more.-You should exercise more keep energetic.so as to/ in order to12. attach vt.附上附上;系上系上;认为有重要性认为
35、有重要性I attach a copy of my notesfor your information.我我附上附上笔记一份供你参考笔记一份供你参考 。One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached to the first page, giving me best wishes. 一天，当我打开书的时候，我发现第一页上一天，当我打开书的时候，我发现第一页上贴着贴着一张漂亮的卡片一张漂亮的卡片,给了我最美好的祝愿。给了我最美好的祝愿。I attached great importance to this res
36、earch.我我非常重视非常重视这项研究。这项研究。基础探究基础探究attach iportance /significance / valule / weight to sth.认为认为.有重要性有重要性/意义意义/价值分量价值分量attach oneself to sb 和某人在一起；缠着某人，依恋，依附和某人在一起；缠着某人，依恋，依附attach to sb./sth.(使使)与某人与某人/某事有联系某事有联系/关联关联be attached to附属于附属于:依恋依恋:喜爱喜爱attach to结构中的结构中的to为介词，后接动词时要用为介词，后接动词时要用v-ing形式。形式。单句
37、填空单句填空(1) We attach importance to ( build)up long business with customers.(2)This scientist is also (attach) to the oldpainting.(3) Please attach these labels your hand luggage.buildingattachedtoI.单句填空单句填空1.The country attaind its (independent)in 1972.2. Her desire (dominate) other people has caused
38、 trouble in her family.3. His ( determine) look showed that he had made up his mind.4. Ceiling and wall lights can operate (independent).5. The assistant carried talking.6. Their luck had simply run .7. Stress and tiredness often result a lack of concentration.8. Hes the hope of success.9. We argued
39、 her into (join) us.independenceto dominatedeterminationindependentlyonoutininjoiningII.完成句子完成句子1. Steve hurried through the test, and was the first .史蒂夫很快完成了测验史蒂夫很快完成了测验,并且第一个交上了答卷。并且第一个交上了答卷。2. They were sitting by the window, .他们正坐在窗户边，谈论着昨天发生的事。他们正坐在窗户边，谈论着昨天发生的事。3. Plants are very important. pl
40、ants can make food from air, water and sunlight.植物非常重要这是因为植物可以从空气、水和阳光中制造食物。植物非常重要这是因为植物可以从空气、水和阳光中制造食物。4. There comes a time .你必须做出抉择的时候到了。你必须做出抉择的时候到了。 5. ,they have to have a basic understanding of computers .要想利用先进技术，他们必须先对计算机有个基本了解要想利用先进技术，他们必须先对计算机有个基本了解.to hand in his papertalking about what
41、had happened yesterdayThis is becausewhen you have to make a decisionIn order to useI.语法填空语法填空 Mankind is exploring space inthe hope of (find) out more secrets of the universe.Exploring space is both dangerous challenging,but the desire (explore) the universe never died. On 4 October 1957. the Sputn
42、ik 1 stellitet (launch) by the USSR and uccessfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, Yuri Gagarin became the first person (go) into space in the world. On 20 July, 1969,American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, (famous) saying,“Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for manki
43、nd. ” findingandto explorewas launchto gofamously China has made great progress in exploring space in 2003, and has successfully sent Yang Liwei into space and orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 space-craft, (become) the third country in the world to ( independent) send humans into space. People will continue to explore this final frontier , and this is they believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration the huge risks.becomingindependentlybecausedespite
