1、Unit 3 Environmental ProtectionDiscover useful structuresPhrases: on behalf1Learn the use of direct speech and indirect speech.23Words: reform; undergo; harmonious; moderate; summit; annual; chaosWhat can you do to protect the environment?Lead insubmit v. 提交；屈服提交；屈服Language point 1.I will not submit
2、 to such treatment. 我不甘心忍受这样的待遇。2. Submit a final draft of your essay on March 9. 请于3月9号提交你的论文终稿。【拓展】obey, comply, submit 这些动词均含这些动词均含服从，听从服从，听从之意。之意。obey : 一般用词，指服从或接受某种权威，或遵循某种原则而行事。comply : 指同意依从他人的愿望或请求，或遵守某种规则或顺应某种环境条件。submit : 指顺从或屈服于自己不能进一步抵制或抵抗的人或事物。sensitive adj. 敏感的Ben is very sensitive, h
3、e just cant take criticism. 本很敏感，简直接受不接受不接受不了批评。Young people are very sensitive about their appearance. 年轻人对自己的外貌很敏感对自己的外貌很敏感对自己的外貌很敏感。【拓展】be sensitive to对敏感sense n. 感觉；理智感觉；理智make sense 讲得通；有道理 make sense of 理解；弄懂in a sense 在某种意义上 in no sense 绝不sensible adj. 明智的明智的be sensible of 意识到；认识到annual adj.
4、每年的每年的The grandfather had assembled all the members of the family for the annual picnic.祖父把一家人聚在一起进行一年一度的野餐。Following discussion, the annual report was accepted unanimously.经过讨论, 年度报告获一致通过。on behalf of 代表代表He accepted the invitation on behalf of the whole class.他代表全班接受邀请。The legal guardian must act
5、on behalf of the child.法定监护人应该维护这个孩子的利益。1 Work in groups. Look at the sentences in both columns discuss the differences between each pair. Summarize the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech.ContentDirect SpeechIndirect SpeechIndirect Speech1. The expert said that from the position o
6、f dead body. The bear appeared to havestarved and died.2. The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.3. The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.4. The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.Direct Speech1. The espert sai
7、d, from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.2. The reporter asked, “willpolar bears die out because of climate change?3. The reporter asked，“How can we save polar bears from extinction?4. Lets work together to stop climate change, the expert said.John said, Im g
8、oing to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语一、如何变人称一、如何变人称“一随主一随主,二随宾，第三人称不更新二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的从句中的主语
9、及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不人称一般不需要变化需要变化如：Mr. Smith said: Jack is a good worker。Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人你是第二人称，或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now? He a
10、sked Kate how her sister was then。“一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.一随主一随主二随宾二随宾第三人第三人称不更称不更新新直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。现在时
11、它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。1) She said. I have lost a pen. She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. We hope so. She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时（5） 一般过去时变为过去完
12、成时（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时二、如何变时态：二、如何变时态：时态变化规律时态变化规律三、如何变状语：三、如何变状语：变化汇总：变化汇总： 指示代词 this -that these- those 表示时间的词 now - then today- that daythis week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc)yesterday -the day beforelast week(month) - the week(month) beforethree days(a year)ago-three days(a year)beforetomor
13、row -the next (following ) daynext week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 here -there 动词 bring take come go直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规则，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, These books are mine. He said those books we
14、re his.2 Here are some statements and questions by children who attended scientific lectures. Guess who they were talking to and then change the sentences into indirect speech.NameDianeMarthaBobLauraVincentStatements/QuestionsWhat made Hurricane Katrina unusual?Was it the worst natural disaster in A
15、merican history?“ I want to become a scientist and help the world.“Im doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic?Could you explain how the nuclear disasters happened?“How many animals have disappeared because of human hunting?What can we do to
16、help the wild animals?“I ve never been to the Amazon Jungle.”“Will scientists discover new species there?3 Work in groups. Do survey on what your group members are doing to help the environment and what else they can do. Then report to the class.MichelleJackSallyJoeI always use my cloth bag when I g
17、o shopping, rather than use plastic bags.I often walk or ride a bike instead taking a taxi.Dont print out documents unless really necessary.Would it be best to share books with others?EXAMPLEI asked my group members what they did to limit the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives. Jack told me that he often walked or rode a bike instead of taking a taxi. Joe advised us to share books with others. Sally asked us 1. Recite new words and phrases.2. Talk about your surrounding environment using direct speech and indirect speech.Bye-bye!
