1、Unit 4 单元核心考点归纳单元核心考点归纳【讲前热身】.默写单词第一组1n习语；成语2adj.相反的；相对立的n.相反的事实(或事情)3prep.在旁边；与一起adv.在旁边4vi.行进；继续做5vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊6n.摄影师；拍照者7vt.欠(账、债、情等)8n.烤面包片；吐司；干杯vt.为干杯vi.烤(尤指面包)第二组1adj.令人愉快的；友好的2vi.(arose，arisen)起身；出现；由引起3n.呼吸的空气4adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会5n.最好或最精彩的部分vt.突出；强调；使醒目6vi.& vt.钻(孔)；打(眼)n.钻(头)；训练；演习7vi.& vt.(fro
2、ze，frozen)结冰；(使)冻住8vt.预料；预见；期望9vi.打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动n.雷声；轰隆声10n.霜；严寒天气；霜冻vt.使蒙上霜vi.结霜.匹配词义A单词匹配第一组()1.goatAadv.(结束交谈或转换话题时)不过；反正()2.bunchBn.岸；滨()3.anyhowCn.山羊()4.shoreDn.一束；一串()5.mistEn.钢；钢铁工业()6.steelFn.薄雾；水汽()7.accentGn.(informal ad) 广告；启事()8.advertisementHn.口音第二组()1.airlineAadv.字面上；真正地()2.bayBn.航空
3、公司()3.antiqueCn.(海或湖的)湾()4.massiveDn.古物；古董adj.古老的；古董的()5.literallyEadj.巨大的；非常严重的()6.peakFn.窗帘()7.awesomeGn.持续时间；期间()8.curtainHn.顶峰；山峰；尖形()9.borderIadj.令人惊叹的；可怕的；很好的()10.durationJn.国界；边界(地区)B短语匹配()1.take sb.s breath awayA相反的；相对立的()2.contrary toB令人惊叹()3.owe sth. to sb.C灰熊()4.grizzly bearD欠(某人情)；把归功于某人
4、参考答案：.默写单词第一组：1.idiom2.contrary3.alongside4.proceed5.astonish6.photographer7.owe8.toast第二组：1.pleasant2.arise3.breath4.bound5.highlight6.drill7.freeze8.anticipate9.thunder10. frost.匹配词义A单词匹配第一组：15CDABF68EHG第二组：15BCDEA610HIFJGB短语匹配14BADC【一词多义】1arise vi.出现；发生；产生；起床；起身Seeing his mother return home，the b
5、oy arose from his chair immediately.vi.起身New problems will arise one after another in future.vi.出现They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.vi.起床2drill vi.& vt.钻(孔)；打(眼)n. 钻(头)；训练；演习He used a drill to bore a hole in the door.n.钻(头)The dentist drilled my tooth.vt.钻(孔)；打(眼)The soldiers h
6、ave drill every day.n.训练3frost n霜；严寒天气；霜冻vt.使蒙上霜vi.结霜The fields have frosted up in this wintry morning.vi.结霜The cold has frosted the windows.vt.使蒙上霜The car windows were covered with forst.n.霜；霜冻4highlight n最好或最精彩的部分vt.突出；强调；使醒目Ill show you the highlights of the event.n.最好或最精彩的部分These figures clearly
7、 highlight the difference in world living standards.vt.突出Featured ads are placed topmost in each category and are shown highlighted.vt.使醒目5thunder vi.打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动 n雷声；轰隆声There was a loud crash of thunder and large drops of rain started falling.n.雷声He bowed to the thunder of applause from the au
8、dience.n.轰隆声It thundered，but no rain fell.vi.打雷The guns thundered in the distance.vi.轰隆隆地响【衍生词汇】1anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望anticipation n预期；期盼2breath n呼吸的空气breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的breathe v呼吸3during prep.在的期间；在的时候duration n持续时间；期间4freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的；严寒的5literal ad
9、j.照字面的；原义的literally adv.字面上；真正地6please vt.& vi.(使)高兴；(使)满意pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的pleased adj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的pleasure n高兴(的事)【词汇短语解析】advertisement n(informal ad) 广告；启事(教材 P44)They were surprised to see that all the signs and advertisementswere in French and many people spoke English with an accent.她们惊讶地发现
10、所有的标志和广告都是用法语写的， 许多人说英语都带着口音。例 1If you want to sell your old sofa，why not put an advertisement in thelocal newspaper？如果你想卖掉旧沙发，何不在本地报纸上登个广告呢？例 2He glanced his eyes down the classified advertisements.他浏览分类广告栏。翻译这则广告中做了多项承诺。Alot of claims are made in the advertisement.知识拓展(1)put/place an advertisement
11、 in a newspaper在报纸上发布广告an advertisement for sth.一则的广告(2)advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告advertise for sb./sth.为征求而登广告advertise for sb.to do sth.登广告招聘/雇用某人做某事(3)advertising n.广告宣传advertiser n.广告商anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望(教材 P39)However， they did not anticipate seeing such an open country， andwere truly amazed.
12、然而，她们没有料到会看到这么空旷的一个国家，着实感到惊讶。例 1The directors anticipated a fall in demand.董事们预感需求会降低。例 2I anticipate that the result will be a draw.我预料结果会打成平局。翻译结果比我们原先设想的还要好。It turns out that we were more successful than we had anticipated.知识拓展anticipate doing.期望或预料做某事it is widely anticipated that.普遍预料arise vi.(a
13、rose， arisen) 起身； 出现； 由引起(教材 P38)The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to LakeLouise，passing through the Canadian Rockies.第二天早上，这两个女孩起得很早，坐火车去路易斯湖，途经加拿大落基山脉。例 1During the night a great storm has arisen.夜里来了一场大风暴。例 2He formed a picture of his future that arose bright and colour
14、ful in hismind.他脑海中浮现出一幅光明灿烂的未来景象。翻译目前的争执是由父母的担心引起的。The current debate arose from/out of the concerns of parents.知识拓展(1)arise from/out of由而引起；由而产生；从中产生arise from.从上站起来(2)arise 作 “ 呈 现 ； 出 现 ； 发 生 ” 之 意 时 ， 主 语 多 为 抽 象 名 词argument/problem/quarrel/ question/movement 等astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊(教材 P44)Stand
15、ing in the distance，they were astonished to see misty cloudsrising from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake.她们站在远处眺望，看到湖的南边从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾，感到非常震撼。例 1It astonished her that Mrs. Browing should seem so anxious.勃朗宁夫人竟显得如此焦急，这使她很惊讶。例 2I was astonished when I heard the hospita
16、l had burnt down.当我听到那所医院被烧毁时，我大为惊讶。翻译父亲突然逝世使她大为震惊。Her fathers sudden death astonished her.知识拓展(1)astonish sb.使某人大为震惊(2)astonished adj.感到惊讶的be astonished at sth.对某事感到惊讶be astonished to do sth.对做某事感到惊讶(3)astonishing adj.使人吃惊的；惊人的(4)astonishment n.惊讶；惊奇bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会(教材P38)They spent the night
17、， and then took a coach bound north through theCanadian Rockies to Jasper.她们过了一夜，然后乘坐长途汽车，向北穿越加拿大的落基山脉，来到贾斯珀。例 1This train is bound from Shanghai to Nanjing.这列火车是从上海开往南京的。例 2Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to causetrouble?谁说造像人一样的机器人是注定要惹出麻烦的？翻译他在事业上一定会成功。He is bound to suc
18、ceed in his enterprise.知识拓展be bound to do sth.一定会做某事；有义务做某事be bound for开往；飞往；驶往be bound up with sth.与某事有密切关系be bound up in sth.忙于(专心于；热衷于)某事take sb.s breath away 令人惊叹(教材 P38)When the train arrived at the station，they took a taxi to LakeLouise，where the blue water literally took their breath away wit
19、h its exceptionalbeauty.火车抵达后，她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。例 1These gorgeously lit images will take your breath away！这些华丽的灯光图像将会使您屏息凝神！例 2Life is not the amount of breaths you take，its the moments that takeyour breath away.生命的真谛不在于你呼吸的次数，而在于那些令你惊叹不已的时刻。翻译那个演艺人员的表演经常令人咋舌。The entertainers perform
20、ances often take our breath away.知识拓展hold ones breath屏息；屏气lose ones breath喘不过气来catch ones breath喘口气；缓口气take/have a deep breath深吸一口气out of breath上气不接下气；喘不过气来contrary adj.相反的；相对立的n相反的事实(或事情)(教材 P43)Well，contrary to what many people believe，there are a lot of vastand empty spaces in China，actually.嗯，与许
21、多人认为的相反，实际上中国有很多广阔而空旷的地方。例 1My sisters taste in dresses is contrary to mine.在服装方面，我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。例 2They did not say the contrary.他们没有说意思相反的话。翻译他不高也不矮。He is neither tall nor the contrary.知识拓展on the contrary相反地；正相反，恰恰相反contrary to与相反，与背道而驰；违反to the contrary相反地freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住(教材 P
22、38)Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperaturesaveraging 10 .埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，每天平均气温为10 。例 1Afreezer freezes water solid.冰箱能使水结成固体。例 2Water freezes at 0 .水在摄氏零度结冰。翻译笑容在他们脸上僵住了。Smiles froze on their faces.知识拓展freeze with因而呆住freeze to death冻死freeze up(某物)冻住；因紧张、害怕或兴奋不动，停住；惊呆；吓呆freeze sb. wit
23、h a frown皱起眉头使某人感到沮丧owe vt.欠(账、债、情等)(教材 P44)You owe it to yourselves to stay longer.你们应该多待一会儿。例 1You owe the lady an apology.你欠这位女士一个道歉。例 2He owes his good health to plenty of exercise and a regular life.他把他的身体健康归功于运动和有规律的生活。翻译我欠他 10 美元。I owe him ten dollars.知识拓展(1)owe sb. sth.owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物ow
24、e.to.把归功于owe it to sb. that.多亏某人(2)owing to因为；由于proceed vi.行进；继续做(教材 P44)After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto，the largest andwealthiest city in Canada ，they only had a few hours to kill before they had toproceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal.李黛予和表妹来到多伦多这个加拿大最大、最富有的城市后，离出发到下一站
25、蒙特利尔之前只有几个小时的时间，她们就在多伦多逛了逛。例 1It proceeded smoothly.事情进展得很顺利。例 2They will proceed to build another laboratory building.他们将继续建造另一座实验大楼。翻译会谈是在友好的气氛中进行的。The talks proceeded in a friendly atmosphere.知识拓展proceed from出于；来自；发生于proceed on/upon按照行事；遵照进行proceed to向进发；进入(下一个议程项目)proceed to do sth.继续做某事【句式解析】th
26、ere be 句型(教材 P44)There are fantastic restaurants and clubs around，too.附近也有很棒的餐厅和俱乐部。句式分析：本句为 there be 句型，表示“有”，主语为后面的 fantasticrestaurants and clubs。例 1There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。例 2There are many flowers in the park.公园里有许多花。翻译桌子上有一支钢笔，两本书和许多铅笔。There is a pen，two books and many pencil
27、s on the desk.知识拓展there be 句型有多种变体，主要有：Thereseems/happens/appears to be主语其他Therestands/lies/lives/exists/remains/.主语其他There情态动词be主语其他There used to be主语其他There be 句式的非谓语动词形式：There being/There to be.过去分词短语作状语(教材 P38)Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests ofCanada looked massive.透过火车车窗加拿大
28、的山脉和森林看起来非常壮观。句式分析： 句中过去分词短语 Seen from the train window 在句中作时间状语。例 1Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any timenow.这些书一个多星期以前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。例 2Born in a poor family，Nadia had only two years of schooling.由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。翻译尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。Encouraged by his parents ， h
29、e still has no confidence in overcoming thedifficulties.知识拓展过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。rather than 与其；不愿 (连接两个并列成分)( 教 材 P38)Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, theydecided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.她们决定先乘飞机到温哥华，然后再坐火车，而不是全程乘坐商务航班
30、。句式分析：句中 rather than 连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接不带 to 的不定式。例 1He only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than opinions.他关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息， 这些信息必须是事实而不是个人观点。 例 2They thus increased their annual grain production rather thandiminished it.他们这样增加了而不是减少了粮食年
31、产量。翻译我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.知识拓展(1)rather than 连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与 rather than 前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。(2)rather than后接不定式时， 不定式可以带to， 也可以不带to， 但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带 to 的不定式。with 复合结构(教材 P38)Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily tem
32、peraturesaveraging 10 埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，每天平均气温为10 。句式分析：句中 with daily temperatures averaging 10为 with 复合结构，在句子中作状语。例 1With a red handkerchief in his hand，he shouted at Mary crazily.他手里拿着一条红手绢，发疯似地朝玛丽叫喊。例 2Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstormwith nothing to eat.相反，他和另一个人被
33、暴风雪困在一个小木屋里，没有任何东西可以吃。翻译他躺在那儿，眼睛盯着天花板。He lay there，with his eyes looking at the ceiling.知识拓展with 复合结构在句中常作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、方式、条件等。其结构如下：with宾语to do 表示将来的动作doing表示主动或正在进行的动作done 表示被动或已完成的动作prep.短语adj.表示状态adv.表示状态【长难句解析】1They went through two wheatgrowing provinces，where they saw a bunch offarms that cove
34、red a very large area.分析 句中 where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area 为where 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 provinces，其中 that covered a verylarge area 为 that 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 farms。译文 他们经过了两个种植小麦的省份，在那里他们看到了一大片农田。2When the train arrived at the station，they took a taxi to Lake Louise，wherethe blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty.分析句中 When the train arrived at the station 为 when 引导的时间状语从句，where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty为 where 引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Lake Louise。译文 火车抵达后，她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。
