1、Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSReading and Thinking: John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”文本简析文本简析本单元中心话题是科学和科学家。阅读文本介绍了英国流行病学专家约翰斯诺（JohnSnow）如何击败传染病“霍乱王”，让学生了解科学研究过程的严密性和科学家善于观察、勇于探索的科学精神。本文是叙事性文本，以 John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”为题，着重呈现了约翰斯诺战胜霍乱的过程。首段记述了当时霍乱的严重程度，伦敦著名医生约翰斯诺立志打败霍乱；第二段介绍了约翰斯诺关于霍乱起因的假设以及他开
2、展调查的准备工作；第三段介绍了约翰斯诺深入一线进行调查并通过干预遏制住了霍乱蔓延的相关工作；第四段揭示了引发霍乱的真正原因；第五段总结了约翰斯诺的努力对于战胜霍乱以及当代免疫学的重要影响和意义。在进行本课的教学设计时，一方面要理清约翰斯诺战胜霍乱的过程，了解科学研究的严谨步骤和创新方法，另一方面要挖掘约翰斯诺的个人品质，领会科学精神并赞赏科学家为人类做出的贡献。 围绕以上两大块内容， 教学设计中还要着重梳理和学习文本中与主题相关的语言，如生动地描述疾病的语言、描述抗击疾病的语言和丰富的衔接词汇。最后，本课还注重通过学习让学生用所学语言描述自己在的新冠肺炎疫情中的经历， 并对流行病学、 地球村和
3、人类命运共同体有所感悟。教学设计（共教学设计（共 2 课时）课时）第第 1 课时课时一、教学内容一、教学内容理解全文，认识约翰斯诺和霍乱，了解科学研究过程。二、课时目标二、课时目标1.围绕疾病话题，结合生活体验学习对疾病提出相关问题。2.运用讨论、略读、细读等策略梳理约翰斯诺的科学研究过程。3.通过预测、归纳、推断等策略了解约翰斯诺的名望和贡献。4.通过对本文的学习熟悉和掌握与疾病斗争和科学研究过程相关的语言。三、教学过程三、教学过程Activity 1: Talking about COVID-19本活动旨在落实课时目标本活动旨在落实课时目标 1。1.T: As we all know, t
4、oday, China is working hard to fight against the highly infectiousCOVID-19. This is a medical problem that is challenging the whole world. Then, what questionsdo you think people mostly want to ask about this disease?2.Students come up with questions concerning COVID-19.3.Students may refer to the w
5、ords shown on PPT to describe COVID-19.(infectious, deadly, cure, mortality, virus, coronavirus, quarantine, statistics, germ, mask,suspected cases, confirmed cases)【设计意图】此活动是导入环节。在此环节中，围绕疾病话题，首先激活学生背景知识；其次，介绍新冠肺炎部分词汇；再者，引导学生结合生活体验，学习提出问题、表达困惑，思考应用科学战胜新冠肺炎的可能性，同时为教师引出科学研究的步骤埋下伏笔。Activity 2: Putting
6、scientific stages in order本活动旨在落实课时目标本活动旨在落实课时目标 2。1.T: Hopefully, COVID-19 can be defeated by people with the help of science. Actually,your questions bring me to “scientific research”. When conducting scientific research, we have tofollow correct stages. Can you put the following stages in order?2
7、.Students discuss in groups the correct stages of doing a scientific research and put them inorder.(1) analyse the results (2) ask a question (3) draw a conclusion (4) collect data(5) find a problem (6) find supporting evidence (7) think of a method(5)-(2)-(7)-(4)-(1)-(6)-(3)【设计意图】活动旨在引导学生理清科学实验的正确步
8、骤。以小组为单位，帮助学生就不太明确的环节通过讨论初步达成一致意见， 从而为学习阅读文本做好铺垫， 并在阅读理解中加深对科学实验步骤的理解。Activity3: Getting to know John Snow and “King Cholera”本活动旨在落实课时目标本活动旨在落实课时目标 3。1.Get down to the text.T: Today, we will learn about a person who did his research following the scientific stages.2.Students read the title and make
9、predictions about the following questions:Q1: Who is John Snow?Q2: Why is it called “King Cholera” instead of “cholera”?Q3: What do you think the passage is mainly about?3.Students read through the whole passage to check whether their predictions are right.4.Students read the first paragraph. After
10、reading, use 1-2 adjectives to describe John Snowand King Cholera and explain their reasons.(John Snow: a famous British physician / doctor; King Cholera: a severe/ deadly disease.“Famous, successful”: rise to, attend to; “Severe, deadly”: diarrhea, dehydration, death, diefrom )【设计意图】 活动旨在让学生围绕标题进行分
11、析和预测， 然后通过阅读检验自己的想法，学生还要通过阅读从文本中获取和推断约翰斯诺的相关信息和当时的名望，了解霍乱的严重性，说明缘由，熟悉生词。教师以第一段为起点，引出科学实验的第一步：发现问题。Activity 4: Figuring out what John Snow did in his research本活动旨在落实课时目标本活动旨在落实课时目标 2。Students read the whole passage and fill in the chart indicating what John Snow did in hisresearch into the cholera.【设
12、计意图】活动旨在让学生梳理出约翰斯诺如何按照科学步骤进行研究，最后发现霍乱的罪魁祸首，为后面的写作任务搭建好内容和机构框架。阅读中，教师安排持续默读时间让学生安静地思考，如有必要，学生可与同伴进行讨论从而得出正确答案。在校对答案的过程中，教师可以通过追问来帮助学生进一步明确科学实验的步骤，并对约翰斯诺的不懈努力加深理解。Activity 5: Focusing on new words in some of the scientific stages本活动旨在落实课时目标本活动旨在落实课时目标 4。Based on the chart, students figure out the mean
13、ing of some new words and phrases in thecontext.(1) He wanted to destroy cholera once and for all.(2) Snow subscribed to the second theory.(3) He investigated the places where the cholera outbreak was severe.(4) He found that multiple deaths were near the water pump.(5) Snow suspected that the water
14、 pump was to blame.(6) He had the handle of the pump removed.(7) Through his intervention, the disease was stopped in its track.(8) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.【设计意图】在梳理约翰斯诺实验过程的同时，教师引导学生在语境中思考下划线词语的意思并用英文进行转述， 逐步熟悉和掌握与主题相关的词汇， 为后面等写作任务搭建语言支架。Ac
15、tivity 6: Exploring the significance of John Snows work本活动旨在落实课时目标本活动旨在落实课时目标 3。Students read the last paragraph and answer the following questions:Q1: What were the results of John Snows tireless efforts?Q2: Why was John Snow considered the father of modern epidemiology?【设计意图】活动旨在让学生进一步理解约翰斯诺研究取得的重
16、要贡献：自来水公司从此售卖净水、减少了霍乱威胁、公众了解了如何预防霍乱。同时，约翰斯诺的绘制地图、应用数据的方法也成为科学研究创新方法，因而他被称为现代流行病学之父。Assignment: Writing a summary of how John Snow defeated king cholera本任务旨在落实课时目标本任务旨在落实课时目标 4。1. Students retell how John Snow defeated king cholera by writing a summary of thetext in about 100 words.2. Students are su
17、pposed to follow the scientific stages and use the words and phrasesleant in the text.【设计意图】作业任务旨在让学生通过对本文进行缩写，应用所学语言复习实验步骤和文本内容，并对约翰斯诺进行评述。该作业也将成为第二课时的导入。(Suggested version: In 1854, a severe outbreak of cholera hit London and many peoplesuffered a lot. John Snow, a famous physician back then, was
18、determined to destroy it once andfor all. He subscribed to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germ in food orwater, but he needed proof. Then he investigated the places where there were multiple deaths. Asa result of enough evidence, he was able to announce that the pump water c
19、arried cholera germs.Accordingly, he had the handle removed. Fortunately, through his intervention, the disease wasdefeated in its tracks. John Snows tireless work and innovative researching method made him thefather of modern epidemiology.)第第 2 课时课时一、教学内容一、教学内容挖掘文本内涵，提炼科学研究特点和科学精神要义；应用语言，完成写作任务。二、课
20、时目标二、课时目标1.通过欣赏和评论课文缩写，进一步应用语言、熟悉科学研究步骤；2.通过讨论归纳出科学研究的特点，发展逻辑思维；3.通过讨论约翰斯诺战胜霍乱的原因，提炼科学精神要义，提升思维品质；4.通过写抗击新冠肺炎的文章，实现知识和语言的应用和迁移，提高对疾病和科学的思想认识。三、教学过程三、教学过程Activity 1: Appreciating the summary本活动旨在落实课时目标本活动旨在落实课时目标 1。1.Students share some of the summaries and comment on each others summary.2.Students c
21、omments are supposed to focus on the proper experimental stages and the use ofnew words and phrases.3.Students appreciate a suggested version of summary shown on PPT.【设计意图】活动旨在展示和评估上一节课的课后作业，梳理科学研究过程并应用所学语言，学生通过评论加深对所学内容和语言的认识。Activity 2: Concluding the characteristics of scientific research本活动旨在落实课
22、时目标本活动旨在落实课时目标 2。1.Students have a brief discussion in groups and conclude the characteristics of scientificresearch.2.Students are supposed to find supporting evidence in the text to justify their conclusions.(Possible answers: It always starts with a problem or question. In the text, John Snowdisc
23、overed that cholera was severe and caused many deaths, so he wanted to find out what causedcholera. Conclusions can only be made after collecting enough data and evidence Asscientific research, it should be objective, convincing and repeatable )【设计意图】 活动旨在让学生在了解科学实验过程的基础上， 综合考虑科学实验的特点，结合实验的基本步骤以及约翰斯
24、诺所做的努力，梳理出科学实验基本特点，如科学实验始于问题且指向问题的解决，实验具有客观性、可重复性等，通过从文章中寻找支撑理由发展学生的逻辑思维能力。Activity 3: Analyzing what lead to John Snows success in defeating King cholera本活动旨在落实课时目标本活动旨在落实课时目标 3。1.Making connections between a claim and its evidence.T: I believe that one of the reasons why John Snow succeeded in def
25、eating king cholera isthat he followed the stages of scientific research. Besides this, however, what else do you thinklead to his success? Why do you think so? Find evidence in the text to support your idea.2.Students are supposed to refer to the text and make their opinions convincing.(Possible an
26、swers: He was socially responsible. He rose to become a famous doctor andeven attended but he never lost his desire to He did research on the basis of existingtheories, and made correct judgment. He was brave. He made a map and used the propertool to analyze the data. He was careful and cautious eno
27、ugh to make the finalconclusion. )【设计意图】活动一是帮助学生理解只有遵循科学研究的规律才能取得成功，二是帮助学生理解约翰斯诺打败霍乱的原因，其中包括如约翰斯诺具有较强的专业性和责任心、准确的判断力，创新的实验方法等，提炼出科学精神的要义；通过回归课文寻找支撑证据旨在帮助学生提升思维品质。Activity 4: Writing a short passage about peoples battle against COVID-19本活动旨在落实课时目标本活动旨在落实课时目标 4。1.T: Because of John Snow, King Cholera
28、was eventually defeated. Now, people all aroundthe world are making every effort to conquer COVID-19, which is as severe as King Cholera. It isa relief that now the virus has been contained in China. Can you write a passage about this severedisease and Chinese peoples tireless efforts and share the
29、experience with the rest of the world?2.Students write a passage with the words and expressions learnt in the text (and the wordsprovided by the teacher if necessary).Para.1: Give some information about COVID-19 and peoples feeling when it first broke out.Para.2: Talk about the efforts made by Chine
30、se experts and ordinary citizens.3.T: In fact, we can learn a lot from the text as well as the history. The battle between humanbeings and germs will never end. Only if all the human beings cooperate with each other, and bothscientists and ordinary citizens follow the scientific way, can we finally
31、win the battle.【设计意图】 活动旨在帮助学生应用所学知识和语言描述自己在新冠肺炎疫情中的经历和体验，感受疾病的严重性，相信人民战胜疾病的力量，并对流行病学、地球村和人类命运共同体有所感悟。Assignment本任务旨在落实课时目标本任务旨在落实课时目标 4。1. Polish the passage and appreciate each others passages.2. Search the Internet to read some English passages or watch videos about COVID-19.【设计意图】任务旨在帮助学生在进行写作和修正作文的过程中，营造真实情境，联系实际，结合所学语言表达经历和体验，实现“学以致用”。要求学生上网搜索更多关于新冠肺炎疾病相关文章和视频，旨在通过寻找课程资源，拓宽学生学习的渠道，解决课堂之外可能存在的问题。
