1、Unit4 GrammarComplex sentence 复合句：复合句： 连词连词连接两个或多个连接两个或多个主谓结构主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的句子的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构，另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中只在句子中作某个成分作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、（如主语、宾语、表语、定语定语、状、状语、同位语）。语、同位语）。复合句复合句 = =主句主句从句（定从从句（定从/主从主从/宾从宾从/表从表从/同位从同位从/状从）状从）+一个主谓结构是句子一个主谓结构是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句）另一个或一
2、个以上的主谓结构另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作只在句子中作某个成分（定语）某个成分（定语）The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主句主语主句主语从句主语从句主语从句谓语结构从句谓语结构主句谓语结构主句谓语结构n在句子中作在句子中作定语定语，修饰，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句。这种从句由的从句。这种从句由关系关系代词或关系副词代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入嵌入句句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。形容词性从句。At
3、tributive clause(定语从句）定语从句）:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系关系代词代词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语), whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)关系关系副词副词where (地点状语地点状语)when (时间状语时间状语)why (原因状语原因状语)修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。定语从句。引导定语从句的关
4、联词有：引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句定语从句关系代词：关系代词：who, whom whose, which, that 关系副词：关系副词：when, where定语从句的位置定语从句的位置定语从句放在被修饰成分之后。定语从句放在被修饰成分之后。e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句Do you know the man?He spoke just now. Do you know the man who spoke just now?applethe redthe greenthe smallthe b
5、igThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is small.The apple which is green is big.引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词 that 既指人又指物既指人又指物, 作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。which 指物指物, 作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。who, whom 指人指人, who 作主语作主语, whom作宾语。作宾语。that, which, whom在定语从句中在定语从句中作宾语时作宾语时, 可省去。可省去。
6、He is a little boy.He is eating .He is a little boy who is eating.who, whom 指人指人，在从句中分别作主语和，在从句中分别作主语和宾语宾语 (口语中口语中who也可作宾语也可作宾语)。Declan is a famous singer.He sings the song tell me why.Declan is a famoussinger who sings the song tell me why.Whom 指人指人, 在从句中作宾语，可省略。在从句中作宾语，可省略。e.g. Do you know the man
7、 (whom) we saw at the Jiangbin Park?The girl is from America.I called her just now. The girl (whom) I called just now is from America.2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael. (主语主语) 3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (宾语宾语) 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should writ
8、e. (宾语宾语)I showed him the letter.I received it this morning. I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，在从句中作主语或宾语，指物指物。I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news. I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.1) They planted the trees which di
9、dnt need much water. (主语主语) 2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. (宾语宾语)whose 在在从句从句中作中作定语定语，指人或物。，指人或物。1)Miss Wang is the teacher . Her house caught fire last week.Miss Wang is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2) This is the boy. The teacher talked of his composition. This is the
10、 boy whose composition the teacher talked of. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。 A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles that I cooked were delicious. 3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(主语主语)(宾语宾语)1)A plane
11、is a machine. The machine can fly.2)The noodles were delicious. I cooked the noodles.THANK YOUSUCCESS2022-2-28 that和和which在指物的情况下一般在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.(1)先行词为先行词为everything, nothing, something, anything, 等等 不定代词
12、时。不定代词时。Note This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(3) 先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰时。修饰时。(4) 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine. (2) 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。等修饰时。The bos
13、s in whose company my father worked is a very kind person. 关系代词关系代词whose还可以在从句中还可以在从句中 与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。Note The boos is a very kind person. My father worked in his company. 先行词是疑问词先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从时，定语从句用句用that而不用而不用who (whom)和和which引导。引导。 Who is the person that is standing
14、 at the gate? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? What that is on the table belongs to me?Note 1.当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用而不用who (whom)和和which引导。如：引导。如： He talked about the teachers and school he had visited.2.当关系代词在从句中作表语时：当关系
15、代词在从句中作表语时： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.Shenzhen is no longer the town that it used to be. Note 1. The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who Key 解析解析: 本题考察定语从句关联词的选择本题考察定语从句关联词的选择, 从句意可知先行词从句意可知先行词the f
16、amous basketball star (著名的篮球明星著名的篮球明星) 是人，所以应用是人，所以应用 表示人的关联词表示人的关联词who。真题解析真题解析D2. (2006 北京北京) Women _drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. A. who;/ B. /; who C. who; who D. /;/ 解析解析: 本题考查两个定语从句本题考查两个定语从句, 这两个这两个 定语从句都缺少主语定语从句都缺少主语
17、, 在定语从句中在定语从句中, 如果是关系代词做定语从句的主语如果是关系代词做定语从句的主语, 关系代词不能省略关系代词不能省略, 故答案选故答案选 C。C3. (2006 福建福建) Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that解析解析: whose 在定语从句中做在定语从句中做roof的的 定语，用于修饰定语，用于修饰house。A3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the
18、 earthquake. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.1. The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.that/which that/who that/which 6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teache
19、r.4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.that/whichthat/who/whomwhose7. Look at that lady _ name is Rose.8. He is a teacher _ I like very much.9. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.10. That was all t
20、he money _I had.whose whom/who/thatwhich/that that11. Is there any one here _ name is Tom?12. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.13. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing.14. I dont know the way _ he worked out.15. The person to_ you just talked
21、 is Mr. Li.whosethatthatthat/in whichwhom1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?改错改错whomwhosethat4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in math.5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.6. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. arewholikesTHANK YOUSUCCESS2022-2-28
