1、可持续消费与绿色发展Sustainable Consumption and Green Development国合会可持续消费与绿色发展课题组 CCICED Task Force on Sustainable Consumption and Green Development主要活动 Principal Activities2012年9月，项目启动会暨课题组第一次全体会议Sep. 2012, Inception Workshop (First Plenary Working Meeting)2013年11月， 国合会年会 Nov. 2013, CCICED AGM2013年9月，课题组第四次全
2、体会议Sep. 2013, Fourth Plenary Working Meeting2013年1月，课题组第二次全体会议Jan. 2013, Second Plenary Working Meeting2013年5月，课题组第三次全体会议暨海外会议与交流May 2013, Third Plenary Working Meeting and International Study Tour课题背景 Background 不可持续的消费模式引起日益恶化的城市空气污染和日益增加的城市垃圾。Unsustainable consumption patterns have resulted in wo
3、rsening urban air pollution and increasing municipal waste. 中国整体生产生活方式正在转变、经济结构正逐步调整。The overall production mode and living style are changing and economy is restructuring in China. 提出生态文明建设，完善了制度环境。Ecological civilization development improves institutional context. 城镇化发展为可持续消费发展带来巨大机遇。Accelerated u
4、rbanization presents golden opportunities for the development of Sustainable Consumption.课题目标与任务 Project Objectives and Tasks可持续消费与生产的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Production可持续消费的国际经验与启示International Experiences and Inspiration for Sustainable Consumption in China.中国可持续消费与绿色发展战略建议Re
5、commendations for Chinas Sustainable Consumption and Green Development in China. 中国可持续消费的政策与未来趋势Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in China.可持续消费与生产的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Production可持续消费包括以经济、社会和环境可持续的方式满足今世后代对商品和服务的需求。政府应制定和执行可持续消费政策, 以及将这些政策同其他公共政策相结合。Governments s
6、hould promote the development and implementation of policies for Sustainable Consumption and the integration of those policies with other public policies.Sustainable Consumption includes meeting the needs of present and future generations for goods and services in ways that are economically, sociall
7、y, and environmentally sustainable.基本理念Principles政府应与工商界和民间社会有关组织合作, 拟订和执行一套综合政策和促进可持续消费战略, 包括法规、经济和社会手段；取消那些助长不可持续消费和生产模式的补贴。Governments, in partnership with business and relevant organizations of civil society, should develop and implement strategies that promote Sustainable Consumption through a
8、mix of policies that could include regulations; economic and social instruments;removal of subsidies that promote unsustainable patterns of consumption and production.联合国保护消费者准则（2003） United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection (2003)可持续消费与生产的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Produ
9、ction 可持续消费是绿色发展战略的核心组成部分，与中国生态文明建设密切相关，对中国城镇化进程至关重要。 Sustainable Consumption is a central component of any Green Development strategy. Furthermore, Sustainable Consumption is closely aligned with Chinas unique approach of creating an Ecological Civilisation and is important for Chinas on-going urba
10、nisation process.可持续消费将是解决当前中国城市环境污染的重要组成部分。Sustainable Consumption will be an important component to finding solutions for the current environmental challenges of Chinas cities.可持续消费也可成为推动解决贫富差距和城乡居民生活水平差异的有效途径。Sustainable Consumption can be an approach to bridge the gap between the rich and poor a
11、nd differences in living standards between urban and rural areas.可持续消费与生产的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Production资料来源：中国统计年鉴2012 Source: China Statistical Yearbook 20121978-2011年中国消费贡献、投资贡献率变化趋势Contributions to Growth in 1978-2011Contribution of ConsumptionContribution of Investment
12、1978-2011年中国最终消费支出、增长率示意图Chinas final Consumption and Increasing Rate in 1978-2011资料来源：中国统计年鉴2012 Source: China Statistical Yearbook 2012Final consumption (0.1 billion Yuan) Final increasing rate (%)v 促进可持续消费：挑战与机遇 Sustainable Consumption: Challenges and Opportunities可持续消费与生产的基本理念Principles of Susta
13、inable Consumption and Production中国、美国、英国、南非的基于购买力平价(PPP)的人均消费与生态足迹的关系（数据来源：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所&世界银行WDI数据库，2008）Relation between PPP Based Per Capita Consumption and Ecological Footprints in China, USA, UK, and South Africa (Sources: CAS Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research &
14、World Bank WDI Database, 2008) v 挑战与机遇 Challenges and OpportunitiesPer capita ecological footprint/global hectarePurchasing Point Parity (PPP) Based Per Capita Consumption/thousand USDChinaSouth AfricaUKUSA可持续消费与生产的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Productionv 挑战与机遇 Challenges and Opport
15、unities文化娱乐、教育及其他服务类的比重较低Low proportion of entertainment, education, and other service consumption.服务业占GDP比重不到50%、生态足迹的经济效益偏低Proportion of service industry in GDP less than 50%, low benefits for the corresponding ecological footprint.转型升级，提升资源效率带来的经济效益Transition and upgrading to improve cost-benefit
16、 brought by resource consumption.中国现阶段经济及消费模式：高消耗、低效益Chinas economy and its innate consumption patterns: high energy consumption and low benefit.可持续消费与生产的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Productionv 挑战与机遇 Challenges and Opportunities住房、交通、食品等领域资源环境压力大，生态足迹较高，应优先推动可持续消费.Housing, mobility
17、, and food are the major domains that generate high ecological footprint and impose large pressures on environment & resources, and should be priority domains to boost sustainable consumption. 中国、美国、英国、南非的家庭消费足迹分类（数据来源：全球足迹网络，2011）Ecological Footprint of Different Types of Household Consumption in C
18、hina, USA, UK, and South Africa (Source: Global Footprint Network, 2011)图例 Legend中国China美国USA英国UK南非South Africa45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%食物Food烟草消费Wines and Tobacco服装鞋类Clothes and Shoes住房Housing家装维修House Decoration and Maintenance健康Health Care交通Transportationt通讯Communications文化娱乐Cultural and Enter
19、tainment Services教育Education旅馆饭店Hotel and Restaurant Services其他服务Other Services可持续消费与生产的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Productionv 挑战与机遇 Challenges and Opportunities在住房这一需求领域开展可持续消费，可以减少中国城市建设领域对初级金属、钢材、木材和混凝土需求增长。Sustainable Consumption in the building of new housing can reduce China
20、s growing need for primary metals, steel, timber and concrete in urban construction.将可持续消费模式应用于交通领域，可以有效减少油耗，减少大气污染物排放。Promoting SC in transportation patterns, could substantially reduce Chinas oil consumption and air pollution. 中国重视家庭用品和其能源与材料使用效率，有利于粮食安全与食品安全。Chinas emphasis on household goods and
21、 their energy and material efficiency is already one of the best efforts at providing better product choices to consumers.机遇Opportunities中国可持续消费的政策与趋势Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in China051015202530354045501999200120032005200720092011消费支出占国内生长总值GDP的比重Consumption rate as percentage of
22、 GDP年份 Year城乡居民消费率Consumption rate of rural and urban residents城镇居民消费率 Consumption rate of urban residents农村居民消费率 Consumption rate of rural residents12.0% 4.3%7.3%中国的人均消费水平在几个经济大国中是最低的Consumption per capita in China is the lowest among large economic powers.投资增长率过高，远远超出国内的消费水平。Domestic consumption c
23、ould not keep up the very high growth rates in investments.v 中国可持续消费现状： Status Quo of Sustainable Consumption in China: v 中国可持续消费现状： Status Quo of Sustainable Consumption in China: 既有进展又受制约，消费不足与消费浪费并存 Progress and constraints, consumption insufficiency and extravagance co-existing.消费增长率低于GDP增长率、高储蓄
24、率、分配不公等;Consumption increase rate GDP growth rate; high savings rate; unfair distribution of income.可持续消费能力提升，消费环境改善，国民意识开始形成，消费对象丰富。Sustainable consumption capability increases; sustainable consumption environment improves; national awareness of sustainable consumption is forming; goods for sustain
25、able consumption become enriched.中国可持续消费的政策与趋势Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in China 有利于新能源发展的财政补贴政策 The financial subsidy policy for new energy 节能服务行业的投资政策 The investment policy for energy-saving service industries 建立可再生能源的发展基金 The establishment of a fund for the development of renewa
26、ble energies 替代燃料汽车（主要是电力方面）的补贴政策 The provision of subsidies for alternative fuel (mainly electric) automobiles 对乘用车税率结构的调整 The adjustment of taxes for passenger cars中国可持续消费的政策与趋势Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in Chinav 中国可持续消费现状： Status Quo of Sustainable Consumption in China: v 中国可持续消
27、费政策的缺失和差距 Deficiencies of existing Policies promoting Sustainable Consumption in China未纳入国家发展计划和重要法律Sustainable Consumption has not been integrated into national development plans and major laws.1未充分考虑中国区域经济发展差异Existing policies related to Sustainable Consumption do not sufficiently consider differe
28、nces in Chinas regional economic development.32缺乏有效的落实体制Sustainable Consumption policy lacks effective enforcement.4未系统地列入国家政策框架内Sustainable Consumption has not been systematically instituted into national policy frameworks. 中国可持续消费的政策与趋势Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in China缺乏可持续消费指标体
29、系Lack of Sustainable Consumption index.5v 中国可持续消费政策的缺失和差距 Deficiencies of existing Policies promoting Sustainable Consumption in China中国可持续消费的政策与趋势Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in China低碳城镇化 Low-carbon urbanization家庭与个人消费行为改变 Changes in household and individual consumer behaviour 创新型商业
30、模式 Innovative business models高品质的绿色产品 High-quality green products国际竞争力增强 Enhanced international competitiveness社会发展机会增多 Enhanced opportunities for social development among others 中国还没有能够大力 推动可持续消费的系统化 政策措施 A systematic policy approach that strongly pushes for SC could not be identified.将可持续消费作为优先政策可
31、以形成众多机会A number of opportunities for China that would result from making SC a policy priority.TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTSustainable Consumption and Production可持续消费与生产Production生产Consumption消费Integrate Sustainable Consumption Into National Political And Social-Economic Development Frameworks建议1 ：将可持续消费纳入国家政治与社
32、会经济发展框架 Resource extractionTransportManufac-turingRetailUse-phaseEnd-of-lifeEnable Institutional Innovations For SC In The Administrative System And Society在执政体系内与全社会中推动可持续消费制度创新Rec. 1建议一Rec. 2建议二Rec. 3建议三Initiate Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships For SC建立多利益相关方参与的可持续消费合作关系 TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTRECOMMENDATI
33、ON 1: Integrate Sustainable Consumption into National Political and Social-Economic Development Frameworks建议1 ：将可持续消费纳入国家政治与经济社会发展框架 1.1 Feature Sustainable Consumption prominently in the 13th Five-Year Plan在“十三五规划”中着重强调可持续消费1.2 Integrate Sustainable Consumption into existing legislation将可持续消费纳入现行法律
34、法规1.3 Adjust existing economic instruments and specific policies to support implementation of laws and regulations 调整现有的经济手段和具体政策，促进法律和法规的实施1.4 Integrate SC into Chinas low-carbon urban development strategy将可持续消费纳入中国的低碳城市发展战略 1.5 Develop a national SC Roadmap and SC Action Plan to support implementa
35、tion制定国家可持续消费路线图与可持续消费行动计划以辅助实施 Strategic Recommendation No 1 战略建议一TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTSuggested Implementation Timeline: 建议实施时间Whom to involve? 参与方International experiences 国际经验:RECOMMENDATION 1: Integrate Sustainable Consumption into National Political and Social-Economic Development Frameworks建议1 ：将可
36、持续消费纳入国家政治与社会经济发展框架 SCP Action Plans as macro-level framework for SC (e.g. EU and Brazil)可持续消费和生产行动计划作为可持续消费的宏观框架（欧盟、巴西）Green Public Procurement Law (Japan) 绿色公共采购法（日本）National EU Member States policies 欧盟成员国的相关政策State Council 国务院Various ministries and agencies 各部委和机构Ministry of Environmental Protec
37、tion环保部 20152020Legislation updates立法修订SC Law可持续消费法SC in 13th Five Year Plan纳入十三五规划Strategic Recommendation No 1 战略建议一TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTRECOMMENDATION 2: Enable institutional Innovations for SC in the administrative System and Society建议2：在执政体系内与全社会中推动可持续消费制度创新2.1Set up an inter-ministerial cooperation
38、 mechanism on SC and Green Development建立可持续消费与绿色发展部际间协调合作机制 2.2Enhance credibility and independence of Chinas product certification systems提高中国产品认证体系的公信力与独立性2.3Initiate local pilot projects for Sustainable Consumption 开展可持续消费地方试点项目 2.4Develop and apply SC indicator systems建立并应用可持续消费指标体系 Strategic Re
39、commendation No 2 战略建议二TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTInternational experiences 国际经验:EU Ecolabel, Germanys “Blue Angel”, Danish Eco-food label 欧盟生态标识，德国蓝色天使，丹麦生态食品标签One Planet Living Communities in UK 英国一个地球生活社区SC Indicators of the European Environment Agency 欧洲环境署的可持续消费指标RECOMMENDATION 2: Enable institutional Inn
40、ovations for SC in the administrative System and Society建议2：在执政体系内与全社会中推动可持续消费制度创新20152020Whom to involve? 参与方Various ministries and agencies 各部委和机构National and int. product certification bodies 国内外产品认证机构Local governments & communities地方政府和社区National and int. research institutions 国内外研究机构Local commu
41、nity pilots 地方社区示范Enhancing product certification提升产品认证Mainstreaming SC indicators主导可持续消费指标Suggested Implementation Timeline 建议实施时间Strategic Recommendation No 2 战略建议二TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTRECOMMENDATION 3: Initiate Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships for SC建议3：建立多利益相关方参与的可持续消费合作关系 3.1Build capacity of local go
42、vernment to establish SC practices加强地方政府能力建设，推动可持续消费实践3.2Engage the private sector (particularly retailers and financial institutions) 充分利用私营部门的力量（特别是零售商和金融机构）3.3Enable civil society initiatives and public participation 支持民间行动，促进公众参与3.4Collaborate with the international community 推动国际合作Strategic Rec
43、ommendation No 3 战略建议三TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTWhom to involve? 参与方International experiences: 国际经验RECOMMENDATION 3: Initiate Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships For SC 建议3：建立多利益相关方参与的可持续消费合作关系 EU Retailer Forum & Food Roundtable 欧洲零售商和食品圆桌会议Independent consumer advisory centres (Germany) 独立的消费者咨询中心（德国）Community i
44、nitiatives & online sharing platforms (US) 社区行动和在线合作消费平台UNEP 10 YFPUNEP10年框架计划Suggested implementation Timeline 建议实施时间Stakeholder partnerships利益相关方合作行动UNEP and int. organisations 联合国环境署和其他国际机构Local government (procurement agencies and national consumer associations) 地方政府（采购机构和消费者协会）Private sector (r
45、etailers and financial institutions) 私营行业（零售商和金融机构）Civil society organisations 公民社会组织20152020New product information systems 新产品信息系统Strategic Recommendation No 3 战略建议三Sustainable Consumption in cities城市可持续消费Adoption of SC indicators for assessing city performance 采用SC指标评价城市绩效Green public procurement
46、 by local government地方政府绿色采购Green bank loans for energy efficient housing 为能效建筑和设施提供 绿色银行贷款Education campaigns in schools and communities社区和学校教育行动Retailer initiatives promoting green products零售商绿色产品推广行动Community-based consumer advisory centres基于社区的消费者咨询中心 Local Government level地方政府Business level工商业C
47、ivil society level公民社会Renewable energy technologies (solar water heaters)可再生能源技术（太阳能热水）Emission trading system pilots碳排放交易试点Energy efficiency in industry and power plants 提高工业和电业系统的能效Use of public transport公共交通的利用Low-carbon cities低碳城市Sustainable Consumption & Low-carbon Urbanization可持续与消费与低碳城市化TEXTT
48、EXTTEXTTEXTBusiness工商业Civil Society公民社会 (Local) Gov. 地方政府Consumers消费者Local pilot projects for SC and low-carbon cities可持续消费地方示范项目和低碳城市 Consumer advisory centres消费者咨询中心Independent product testing独立的产品比较试验Green public procurement绿色公共采购Products standards and certification 产品标准和认证Green loans and credits for green buildings为绿色建筑提供绿色信贷 Sustainable Retail Forum可持续零售商论坛SC Legislation 立法SC in 13th Five-Year Plan 十三.五规划SC Roadmap and SC Action Plan 路线图和行动计划Economic instruments & policies 经济措施和政策SC political framework 可持续消费政治框架Recommendations and Stakeholder Responsibilities政策建议和利益相关方的责任Image source:
