1、A1Module 3Unit 2 Grammar and usageA2Learning goals learn that the preparatory subject/empty subject it is often used to balance the sentence with a long subject. The empty subject it acts as its grammatical subject and the real subject is at the end of the sentence.A3That we should improve our oral
2、English is important.It is important that we should improve our oral English.preferablecorrectWhich one is better?A4Preparatory subject itRead the notes on page 30.A5Preparatory subject it 形式主语形式主语it通常情况下，当句子的主语很长（是从句通常情况下，当句子的主语很长（是从句, 动词不动词不定式或动名词短语时），我们一般用定式或动名词短语时），我们一般用it作形式主语，作形式主语，让句子结构更加平衡，避
3、免头重脚轻。形式主语让句子结构更加平衡，避免头重脚轻。形式主语it 在语法上起到主语的作用，而句子的真正的主语则在语法上起到主语的作用，而句子的真正的主语则在句尾。在句尾。 A6when we use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence.当句子的主语是从句时，我们一般用当句子的主语是从句时，我们一般用it作形式主语。作形式主语。 a. (correct) That languages borrow words as they are developing is inevitable.= (preferable) It is inevitable
4、 that languages borrow words as they are developing. b. (correct) Whether “borrowed words” are good or bad remains a question.= (preferable) It remains a question whether “borrowed words” are good or bad.1. We can use it as an preparatory subject.A7Preparatory subject “it”: 1.That we would be not ab
5、le to understand Old English today is certain. = It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today. 2.Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. = It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the future. 3.When we can set off depen
6、ds on the weather.= It depends on the weather when can we set off.A8 (correct) To master a foreign language is hard. (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign language. b. (correct) To gain access to the Internet is important for us. (preferable) It is important for us to gain access to the Intern
7、et.B. when the subject is a to-infinitive.当句子的主语是不定式时，我们一般用当句子的主语是不定式时，我们一般用it作形式主语。作形式主语。A9C. when the subject is a v-ing form.当句子的主语是动名词当句子的主语是动名词v-ing时，我们一般用时，我们一般用it作形式主语。作形式主语。a. (correct) It is difficult to stop smoking. = ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. b. (correct) It takes a lot
8、 of my time travelling to Beijing. = (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time. A10 We usually use the preparatory subject it with a clause or to-infinitive (preferable), but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning. 通常情况下，当句子的主语是从句或动词不定式时，通常情况下，当句子的主语是从句或动词
9、不定式时，我们一般用我们一般用it作形式主语。作形式主语。当句子主语是动词的当句子主语是动词的-ing形形式时，我们则一般将真正的主语置于句首，而不使用式时，我们则一般将真正的主语置于句首，而不使用it作形式主语。作形式主语。TipA112. 当当seem, appear, happen, turn out 和和prove 在句在句子中作谓语动词时，我们也可以使用形式主语子中作谓语动词时，我们也可以使用形式主语it。 It seems that he speaks two languages. = He seems to speak two languages.b. My new neighb
10、or happens to come from my home town. = It happens that my new neighbor comes from my home town. A123. 在在It is known .; It is said .; It is hoped .; It is believed .等句型中。如等句型中。如: It is said that our school football team won. 主语从句也可以用主语从句也可以用it作形式主语作形式主语,以以wh-连接的连接的句子作真实主语句子作真实主语, 放到句子后面放到句子后面.如如:It
11、is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.It doesnt matter what you say.A134. It is / was + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that / who . 该句型是强调句型。被强调部分可以是主语、该句型是强调句型。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，宾语、表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由可以由 who 换用。如果把这种句型结构换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的
12、方法。是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It is on Tuesday that she will come.A14Finish exercises A &B, page 31A15The key to Exercise A(2) It requires a good understanding of their behavior to know what they mean.(3) It always puzzles me why my dog barks in certain ways.(4) It wont be difficult to buy a machine like this
13、.A16The key to Exercise B2. It happens that several racial groups live in Singapore.3. It is fun to hear different people speaking different languages all at the same time.4. It is certain that Ill see you next week.A17高考链接高考链接1. It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. (2011
14、江苏江苏) A. that B. how C. whenD. whyD2. Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. (2011山东山东) A. that B. when C. where D. whyDA183. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is. (2011湖南湖南) A. what B. that C. which D. whyAA194.（2012上
15、海卷）上海卷）Weve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?No, _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.who B. that C. what D. whichCA205.（2012全国卷）全国卷）It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. whatDA216. (2013湖南湖南) Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how B. that C. which D. where7. (2013四川四川) _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. A. When B. How C. What D. ThatACA22Workbook: C1 (Page 100)
