1、This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller
2、and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道菌群肠道菌群中国药科大学中国药科大学 黄益海黄益海This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The
3、core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.前言我们已知的口服药物起效方式一般都默认为经胃肠道吸收进入体内从而影响新成代谢发挥药效，但近年来发现很多药物通过影响肠道菌群也可以发挥疗效。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement a
4、nd control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道菌群简介肠道菌群与糖尿病肠道菌群与肥胖肠道菌群与NAFLD微生物新的测定方法目录This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperatur
5、e control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道菌群定义肠道微生物肠道微生物群：群：肠道微生物群包括肠道中存在的所有微
6、生物，包括细菌，病毒，噬菌体，寄生虫和真菌。这些肠道微生物能主要通过代谢产物的产生和生物活性成分的释放来调节宿主的新陈代谢和免疫力，进而影响健康状况和疾病的发生和/或进展。其中肠道菌群是肠道微生物群中最具代表性的成分。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature
7、 sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道肠道菌群：菌群：人体肠道内寄居着大量细菌，是肠道微生态系统的重要组成部分。肠道菌群按一定的比例组合，各菌间互相制约，互相依存，在质和量上形成一种生态平衡This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control syst
8、em which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道菌群构成人类肠道菌群约有100余种菌属，400余菌种，其中以厌氧和兼性厌氧菌为主，需氧菌比较少。形
9、态上有杆菌、拟杆菌、球菌、拟球菌和梭菌等等。这些细菌产生各种酶，起着对人体有益、无关和有害的作用.This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core comp
10、onents of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道菌群可分为三大部分: (1)与宿主共生的生理性细菌, 为专性厌氧菌, 是肠道的优势菌群, 占到 99% 99.9% , 如双歧杆菌、类杆菌、优杆菌和消化球菌等; (2)与宿主共栖的条件致病菌, 以兼性需氧菌为主, 为肠道非优势菌群, 如肠球菌、肠杆菌; (3)病原菌, 大多为过路菌, 长期定植的机会少, 生态平衡时, 这些菌数量少, 不会致病,如果数量超出正常水平, 则可引起人体发病, 如变形杆菌、假单胞菌和韦氏梭菌等。This p
11、aper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS
12、18B20 temperature sensor.无 菌出生5天以大肠杆菌、肠球菌、梭菌为主双歧杆菌占优势断奶到成年双歧杆菌 成人型菌群中老年双歧杆菌进一步 有害菌进一步This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and sing
13、le chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道菌群基本生理功能生物屏障:肠道正常菌群与肠黏膜紧密结合构成肠道的生物屏障。营养作用：帮助分解上消化道未被充分水解吸收的营养物质 ,有利于宿主进一步吸收利用各种营养物质。增加人体必需的维生素(如维生素B,维生素K)、氨基酸、微量元素、某些无机盐类(如钙、磷、铁、等)的吸收和利用。免疫功能：存在于肠道粘膜表面的益生菌作为一种活的有机体对你肠道黏膜具有多重保护作用，它
14、们在肠道内定殖，维护肠道微生物菌群的平衡，或者活化肠黏膜内的相关淋巴组织，提高消化道黏膜免疫功能。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core comp
15、onents of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.除了以上三种基本生理功能外，肠道菌群还能参与到糖尿病、肥胖、非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）、癌症等等疾病的代谢过程 已知的肠道菌群的代谢产物和生理功能主要为：胆汁酸（影响糖和脂质稳态和能量消耗，对代谢紊乱的发展有巨大的影响）、短链脂肪酸（储存能量、降低渗透压，维持大肠的正常功能和结肠上皮细胞的形态和功能）、某些脂类产物（调节宿主G蛋白偶联受体）和二肽醛（选择性抑制一些人类蛋白酶的活性），其余的大部分不为人所知，This paper m
16、ainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20
17、temperature sensor.胆汁酸胆汁酸是由肝脏中胆固醇合成的内源性类固醇分子。这些两性分子通过激活肝脏、肠道和外周组织的胆汁酸受体，影响糖和脂质稳态和能量消耗。Arnesoid X receptor Arnesoid X receptor (FXR)(FXR)和和 Takeda G Takeda G protein-coupled receptor (TGR)5protein-coupled receptor (TGR)5是两是两个个主要胆汁酸受体主要胆汁酸受体，他们对代谢紊乱的发展有巨大的影响, 胆汁酸在体内的合成、代谢,分布是通过胆汁酸,FXR、TGR5和肠道微生物群之间的互动
18、This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller
19、and DS18B20 temperature sensor.This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the syst
20、em are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道菌群与糖尿病糖尿病是一种由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或胰岛素作用障碍所致的以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。分成两组类型：1型糖尿病（T1D）（多饮、多尿、多食和消瘦）2型糖尿病（T2D）（疲乏无力，肥胖）目前，肠道研究成为治疗糖尿病的热点，一是改变肠道激素，GLP-1;二是改变肠道生理结构，胃流转手术;三是改变肠道内容物，肠道细菌This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control
21、 system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道菌群与1型糖尿病研究发现患1型糖尿病(T1D)的人体内的肠道菌群与健康个体存在差异。Ak
22、kermansia muciniphila支持粘液的产生，增加抗微生物肽Reg3的表达，并从微生物群中淘汰了扭链瘤胃球菌，降低了血清内毒素水平和胰岛Toll样受体表达，促进了免疫调节，延缓了糖尿病的发展。健康的微生物中有大量该细菌，但在T1D中却没有。将单个益生菌A. muciniphila移植时，能够带来有益的代谢和免疫信号作用，降低糖尿病发病率。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperat
23、ure measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道菌群与2型糖尿病2型糖尿病的一个主要问题是，它往往与身体脂肪组织中的慢性炎症相一致。这种炎症是由脂肪组织内称为巨噬细胞的免疫细胞活性引起的，脂肪组织会通过化学信号招募更多的巨噬细胞。
24、巨噬细胞的积累会影响脂肪细胞对胰岛素做出适当响应的能力；这种情况称为“胰岛素抵抗”This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components o
25、f the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor. 由瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院（EPFL）的Kristina Schoonjans带领的一个研究小组发现，位于巨噬细胞上的一个受体，能抑制2型糖尿病的炎症。受体是结合化合物并启动细胞中级联事件的蛋白质。这项研究中的巨噬细胞受体被称为TGR5,可被胆汁酸激活This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the
26、 function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.瑞金医院宁光院士通过建立了降糖药疗效和肠道共生菌群特征的关系，发现了拜糖平（阿卡波糖）的起效机制: 调节肠道菌群改变血浆和粪便中胆汁酸（BA）组
27、成作用于TGR5受体，来改善2型糖尿病This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C
28、51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.研究还发现： 在未治疗的2型糖尿病患者中，用阿卡波糖治疗（而非格列吡嗪）增加了初级BA/次级BA的比例及血浆中非结合BA的水平； 阿卡波糖增加肠道中乳杆菌属及双歧杆菌属，减少拟杆菌属，从而改变参与BA代谢的菌群基因的相对丰度； 治疗结果取决于治疗前的肠道菌群组成，与普氏菌属主导的肠道菌群相比，拟杆菌丰度较高者在阿卡波糖治疗后血浆BA变化更大，代谢参数改善更明显。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperatur
29、e control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肠道菌群与肥胖在过去的几十年中，肥胖症的流行已经显着增加。 肥胖是与许多合
30、并症有关，特别是2型糖尿病和心血管疾病。研究发现胆汁酸作用TGR5以及FXR受体后可以影响能量消耗的调节以及肥胖的发展This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The
31、 core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.起效机制:肠道菌群胆汁酸TGR5受体FR受体增加棕色脂肪组织和肌肉中的能量消耗活化前蛋白转化酶1胰高血糖素样肽（GLP）1抑制前蛋白转化酶1胰高血糖素样肽（GLP）1胰高血糖素样肽胰高血糖素样肽-1-1（GLP-1GLP-1）是）是回肠内分泌细胞分泌的一种脑肠肽，目前主要作回肠内分泌细胞分泌的一种脑肠肽，目前主要作为为2 2型糖尿病药物作用的靶点。由于型糖尿病药物作用的靶点。由于GLP-1GLP-1可抑制胃排空，减少
32、肠蠕动，故有助可抑制胃排空，减少肠蠕动，故有助于控制摄食，减轻体重于控制摄食，减轻体重。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core component
33、s of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.现有的肥胖治疗药物包括：苯丁胺、奥利司他、苯丁胺/托吡酯缓释剂、氯卡色林、纳曲酮/安非他酮缓释片、利拉鲁肽； 苯丁胺为一种可抑制食欲的拟交感神经胺，奥利司他为一种胰腺及胃脂肪酶抑制剂，抑制脂肪的吸收与利用； 苯丁胺/托吡酯缓释剂为拟交感神经胺+抑制食欲药物+缓释性抗癫痫药物； 氯卡色林为5羟色胺受体激动剂，纳曲酮/安非他酮缓释片为阿片类拮抗剂+氨基酮类抗抑郁药物，利拉鲁肽为GLP1受体激动剂。This paper mainly introduce
34、s the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sen
35、sor.肠道菌群与NAFLD非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）：NAFLD是一种复杂的肝脏疾病表型，从简单的脂肪变性到非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)，其特征是脂肪变性、坏死性炎症变化，以及不同程度的纤维化，可能进展到肝硬化，最终导致由异常的脂质和糖代谢引起的肝癌。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus
36、 digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.随着研究的进展，胆汁酸在NAFLD/NASH中的作用日益受到重视研究发现在高脂饮食或遗传诱导肥胖的小鼠中，发现用GbMCA抑制肠FXR信号可预防或逆转胰岛素抵抗和脂肪肝疾病。GbMCA的进一步研究证实，FXR信号调节肠道微生物群并控制肝脏脂质代谢（调节胆固醇转换和甘油三酯的代谢。
37、）This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller
38、 and DS18B20 temperature sensor.对肠FXR信号的抑制也可以通过回肠胆汁酸转运体(IBAT) 抑制剂来实现。IBAT抑制剂通过提高胆汁酸的分泌来降低胆汁酸的浓度。一项对高脂肪饮食的小鼠进行的首次研究表明，使用IBAT抑制剂可以防止NAFLD This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using sin
39、gle bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.微生物新的测定方法之前大多数基于测序技术的人类粪便样本肠道微生物分析方法都集中于通过对不同微生物群和代谢途径的测序分析建立样本序列文库。尽管这些方法能够有效地检测和揭示与疾病相关的肠道微生物结构变化，但这些方法对肠道微生物与宿主肠道相互作用的反映能力却十分有限。Th
40、is paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller an
41、d DS18B20 temperature sensor.比利时鲁汶大学科学家构建了一种基于序列扩增和流式细胞计数技术的新型微生物计数和定量方法。基于这种新的粪便微生物分析定量方法，研究人员能够更为准确地对不同人类个体的肠道菌群特征进行更为精准地描述。同时，这些新的方法还能帮助研究人员将不同人的肠道菌群与他们自身的肠道差异联系起来，更加真实地反映人们肠道的微生态。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of t
42、emperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.补充研究发现在不同的癌症之中，比如黑色素瘤、结肠肿瘤、直肠癌等，其实肠道菌群也有着重要的作用研究表明细菌可提高抗癌化疗药物5-氟脲嘧啶的活性；甚至有研究表明健康人群的行为和
43、神经生物学差异与微生物组成有关。即微生物能影响人的情绪This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system a
44、re AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.结语从以上研究结果可以发现，肠道菌群与我们的生理病理过程息息相关，相信在不久的未来肠道菌群可以提供新的治疗方式和靶点。部分中药在体内没有发现有效成分，但却有奇效，大抵就是通过调节肠道菌群起作用，因此肠道菌群的深入研究，对中医要的发展可能起着重大作用This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor. 谢谢大家！
