1、选修选修Unit-Art语法语法(If及及wish引导的虚拟语引导的虚拟语气气)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法条件句中的用法 如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子. 我有一千万吗？ 没有。 所以我仍然没有房子。 如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。 我有翅膀吗？ 没有。 所以我也没办法飞。 如果把整个太平洋的水倒出， 也浇不息我对你爱情的火 整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗？ 不行。 所以我并不爱你。 If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. 虚拟语气的虚拟语气的定义：用来表示所说的话定义：用来表示所说的话 不是事实不是事实，或或不可能不可能实现实现或实现的实现
2、的可可能性很能性很小小的情况的情况. .表表达说话人的达说话人的愿望愿望、建议和假设建议和假设. .the Subjunctive Mood in “if” clause一一、虚拟语气在“if”条件句中的用法 If I were a child, I would be happier.If he were a bird , he could fly in the big blue sky.If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa （别墅）. 1.If I were a child, I would be happier.2.If he were
3、a bird , he could fly in the big blue sky.3.If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa .When(时间）Structure (结构） 与_事实相反(现在,过去,未来) If sb_， sb_.Discover1现在现在 were/did(动词过去式) would/could do(动词原形)【即学即用】would be the earth _(be) saved.livedWhat would you do if you won the lottery(彩票彩票)?If I won the lotter
4、y,I wouldIf I won the lottery now, I would travel around the world.If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in
5、the blanks.c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould askWhen(时间）Structure (结构） 与_事实相反(现在,过去,未来) If sb_， sb_.现在现在 were/did(动词过去式) would/could do(动词原形)If you had worked hard ,you would ha
6、ve passed the exam .If they had had enough rain last year, they would have gained good harvest.If he had driven more carefully yesterday, he would not have had the car accident .1.If you had worked hard ,you would have passed the exam .2.If they had had enough rain last year, they would have gained
7、good harvest.3.If he had driven more carefully yesterday, he would not have had the car accident.When(时间）Structure (结构） 与_事实相反(现在,过去,未来) If sb_,sb_.Discover2 过去过去 had done(动词过去分词） would (not) have done(动词过去分词) 3.If I _ (have) time last night, I _(see) the Love of the Hawthorn Tree.【即学即用】If I _ (lear
8、n)how to swim,I _ (be)trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.c. If I _ (meet) y
9、ou yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.had metwould have goneWhen(时间）Structure (结构） 与_事实相反(现在,过去,未来) If sb_,sb_. 过去过去 had done(动词过去分词） would (not) have done(动词过去分词)If it were/ should be fine tomorrow , I would go to see him.If I should visit/ were to visit/ visited my alma mater(母校母校) next
10、time, I would go to the library .One years later ,maybe you will be in University If they should play/were to play / played better next time , they would not fail again. 1.If it should be/were fine tomorrow , I would go to see him.2.If I should visit/ were to visit/ visited my alma mater next time,
11、I would go to the library .3.If they should play/were to play / played better next time , they would not fail again.When(时间）Structure (结构） 与_事实相反(现在,过去,未来) If sb_, sb_.Discover3 未来未来 would (not) do did/were/should do / were to do 5.If it _ 5.If it _ (be) Christmas Day (be) Christmas Day tomorrowtomo
12、rrow, , I _(get) some gifts. I _(get) some gifts.【即学即用】6.If you _(get) a full mark (满分满分)next time, I_ (treat) you to candies.Mark: 100If he got up early tomorrow, he would be on time.If we _ Zhejiang University (visit) tomorrow, _.we would go to the library.two years later , maybe you will be in X
13、University visitedshould visitwere to visit Nothing in the world can be as painful as this. Just let your sword cut into my throat! Dont hesitate!should give/were to give/gavewould tellhad to would be 如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是-一万年! a. If there _ (be) no natural resource
14、 any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksc. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould beWhen(时间）Structure (结构） 与_事实相反(现
15、在,过去,未来) If sb_, sb_. 未来未来 would (not) do did/were/should do / were to do 小结：虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法小结：虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件条件从句从句If 从句谓语形式从句谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在(Present)过去过去(Past)未来未来(Future)would/could/would/could/should/might +V. should/might +V. would/could/shoulwould/could/should/might +have d/might +have do
16、nedone 过去完成式过去完成式(had done)(had done) 过去式过去式(did/were)(did/were) 过去式过去式/should/were to should/were to +V+Vwould/could/shouwould/could/should/might +V. (ld/might +V. (原原) )1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用过去式 (be动词一般用were) 。I wish I _ as tall as Yao MingwereI wish every day _ my birthday.werewereI wish/wished I h
17、adnt eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动词从句动词常用常用“had过去分词过去分词”。The party was terrible, I wish I _ never _ to it.(go) hadgone(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形从句动词形式为式为 “ would动词原形动词原形”。但愿你立刻来。但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon. would rain1. I wish I _ to have a word with Danny when he
18、was here last week.A. had been ableB. should be ableC. have been ableD. were able2. How I wish I _ as well as she.A.shall sing B. can sing C. could sing D. should sing3. I wish very much you _ manage to come over.A.willB. can C. could D. are able ton4.How I wish I （meet）Yao Ming yesterday!n5.How I w
19、ish _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.nA had tried B hadnt tried nC have tried D didnt tryhad met小结：虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法小结：虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件条件从句从句If 从句谓语形式从句谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在(Present)过去过去(Past)未来未来(Future)would/could/would/could/should/might +V. should/might +V. would/could/shoulwould/could/sh
20、ould/might +have d/might +have donedone 过去完成式过去完成式(had done)(had done) 过去式过去式(did/were)(did/were) 过去式过去式/should/were to +Vshould/were to +Vwould/could/shouwould/could/should/might +V. (ld/might +V. (原原) )/were与过去事实相与过去事实相+would /could/ might +do(将来不大可能实现的愿望将来不大可能实现的愿望 )should 1. Without water, fish
21、could not live.2. Without /But for your help, I would have failed. If you had not helped me, I would have failed.三、蕴含条件句、蕴含条件句有时有时if引导的虚拟条件从句，可用介词引导的虚拟条件从句，可用介词without 或或but for 引导的短语引导的短语或或连词连词otherwise来代替来代替If there were no water, fish could not live.3. I had to do something more important, otherw
22、ise, I might have helped you. If I had not have to do something more important, I might have helped you.If I am a fish ,I could swim freely in the sea._practicewereIf it should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the park. Should it rain tomorrow_,we would have to put off the visit
23、to the park.【 20 2012山东高考】1.If we adequate preparations,the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A havent made B wouldnt makeC didnt makeD hadnt made3.choose2. Had they known what was coming next,they second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had【2012浙江高考】高考】3.
24、Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _ time,I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had have C. have D. had【2012湖南高考】高考】4.I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meet. A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in as if/as thoughas if/as thou
25、gh1.从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生.过去式(be用were)“had过去分词”。2. 从句所设想的时间先与主句谓语.It looks as if she were sick.I feel as if we had known each other for years.He behaves as if he_(own) the house.ownedShe talks about Rome as though she _ (be) there herself.had been他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.Wi
26、sh和as if/ though 的虚拟语气只要把被假设情况的时态往前推一个就可以了。比如，与一般现在时相反就推到过去时，过去时推到过去完成时Would rather would rather (that)现在:过去:未来:过去时过去时过去完成时I would rather you _(pay) me now.paidI would rather you _ then, too.Dont come. I would rather you _(come) tomorrow.had gonecame表示建议、命令、要求、坚持表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令,
27、 三个建议, 四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, desire国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 The king ordered that the prisoners _the next day.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 They requested that we_them to work there.(should) be killed(should) sendHe demanded that the classroom _ at onc
28、e. A. should clean B. clean C. should have been cleaned D. be cleaned 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest. 他坚决要求我到场。 He insisted that I (should) be present.1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (se
29、nd) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewasIts necessary/strange/natural/ important/a pity/no wonder /impossible + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形It isIt is importantimportant that wethat we (
30、should ) master( should ) master a a foreign language.foreign language.It is strangeIt is strange that shethat she refuserefuse to come to the to come to the party.party.It Its necessarys necessary that wethat we should studyshould study hard.hard.Its (about/high) time +that你该走了。Its high time that y
31、ou went.Its high time that you should go.过去时should +V.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. If引导的虚拟语气从句倒装从句倒装If 条件句条件句从句从句主句主句 Were+主主+与现在事与现在事实相反实相反If+ were 过去式过去式 主主 + should /would /could /might +doHad+主主+done+与过去事与过去事实相反实相反If 主主+ had done 主主 + should would /coul
32、d/ might+have done Should/Were+主主+ 与将来事与将来事实相反实相反If+ 过去式过去式 Were to do Should do 主主 + should would /could/ might+dowish引导的虚拟语气虚拟虚拟wish从句从句现在现在主主+were/过去式过去式 过去过去主主+had + done+将来将来主主+would+could/might+doAs if /as though引导的虚拟语气虚拟虚拟As if从句从句与主句动作与主句动作同时同时发生发生主主+were/过去式过去式 先于先于主句主句发生发生主主+had + done+would rather引导的虚拟语气虚拟虚拟Would rather从句从句现在现在主主+过去式过去式过去过去主主+had + done+将来将来主主+过去式过去式otherwise引导的虚拟语气虚拟虚拟Would rather从句从句现在现在主主+would/could/minght/should+do过去过去主主+would have + done+将来将来主主+would/could/minght/should+do主主+过去式过去式
