1、Unit 2English around the worldLearning about language1 Match the words and expressions.1. petrol 2. voyage3. gradually4. frequently5. identity6. the latter7. actually8. fluentA. who or what somebody or something isB. a word for gas in British EnglishC. not sudden D. in fact E. the second of two thin
2、gs or people already mentionedF. oftenG. long trip by sea or in spaceH. able to speak or write a language wellDiscovering useful words and expressionsIt is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as _ as a _ English speaker. One reason is that English has a large _. It also has different usag
3、e in different English speaking countries. nativevocabularyfluently2 Complete this passage with the words from the Warming up and Reading. If you use “flat” instead of “_”, people in America will know you have learned British English. If you use the word _ instead of “lift” in Britain, people will k
4、now you have studied American English.apartmentelevator“Will you _ to my flat?” asked the spider to the fly. “_ its so pleasant to look down from so high. _ the clear sky its possible to see Buildings _ theatres and hotels3 Add these phrases to the rhyme so that it makes sense. such as make use of b
5、ecause of come up at present come up At present Because ofsuch as by the sea. So wont you please _ this chance to look?” The fly agreed immediately without a second thought. But as soon as she went up with a step so light that day, The spider caught and ate her and she was never seen again! Then rea
6、d the rhyme aloud and mark the sense groups. make use of 1. There are so many people _ the street. 2. They are going to have a party _ the weekend. 4 Sometimes British and American people use different prepositions for the same idea. Choose a pair of prepositions. Then compare them. at / on past / a
7、fter in / on from / thanin/onat/on3. We will leave for the airport at a quarter _ five. 4. His brother is _ the most famous football team in England. 5. As we know, British English is a little different _ American English. past/afterin/onfrom/than6. Are there many children playing _ the playground?
8、Do you know which usage is British English and which is American? Discuss in pairs and then in class. in/onAnswerBritishAmerica1. in/on2. at/on3. past/after4. in/on5. from/than6. in/oninatonafterfrompastthanoninoninonGrammarDirect and Indirect SpeechRequests and Commands 1. He said: “Ive left my pen
9、 in my room.” He told me that he had left his pen in his room.She said that he would be busy.2. She said: “He will be busy.” 复习复习 (把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语)She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”1. 陈述句的间接引语陈述句的间接引语连接词用连接词用that, 在在口语中可省略。引述动词用口语中可省略。引述动词用sa
10、id, told,等。等。例如：例如： He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room. 复习规律复习规律2. 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接 词用词用if 或或whether, 而引述选择疑问句时而引述选择疑问句时 只能用只能用whether, 引述动词用引述动词用asked, 没有没有 间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等。如：等。如： She said to Tom, “Can you
11、help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接 词词, 改为陈述语序。例如：改为陈述语序。例如： The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”4. 如何变时态：如何变时态： 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语一般一般现在时现在时一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时一般过去时一般过去时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去
12、时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时如：如：1) She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. “We hope so.” She said they hoped so.3) She said. “He will go to see his friend.” She said he would go to see his friend.1)直接引语是客观真理。直接引语是客观真理。“The earth moves aroun
13、d the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时引语变为间接引语时, 时态一般不变化。时态一般不变化。2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语某日作状语, 变为间接引语时变为间接引语时, 时态不变。时态不变。Xi
14、ao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.3)直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。时态保持不变。 The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day
15、. 4) 若直接引语中含有若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时变间接引语时, 从句时态不变。如：从句时态不变。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old. 5) 若直接引语的谓语中含有若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better 等动词时。等动
16、词时。 如：如： She said, “We should help each other.” She said we should help each other. 5. 如何变状语：如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语, 状语变化有其内在状语变化有其内在规律规律, 时间状语时间状语由由“现在现在”改为改为“原来原来”例例: now变为变为then, yesterday变为变为 the day before, today变为变为that day。地点状语地点状语, 尤其表示方向性的尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示或用指示代词修饰的状语代词修饰的状语, 由由“此此”改为改为“彼彼”。如
17、。如:He said, “These books are mine. ”He said those books were his.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化: this that; these those; now then;yesterday the day before; today that day; tomorrow the next day; next week (month, year) the next week (month, year); ago before; here there1. Could I use your bathro
18、om?request2. Put your coat in the mand3. Speak quietly on the phone, please.requestRequests or Commands?4. Will you help me with my homework this afternoon?request5. Could you meet me at four?request6. Take your shoes off before you enter the mand7. Go to bed right now. 8. Could you help me with my
19、English please? 9. Open the door at once. 10. Would you please give me that book? requestcommandcommandrequestDirect speechRequests: Do ., please. Can you.? Could you .? Will you .? Would you . ? Commands: Do. Dont .Indirect speech Requests: A asked B to do sth. A asked B not to do sth.Commands: A t
20、old/ordered B to do sth. A told/ordered B not to do sth.祈使句的间接引语祈使句的间接引语采用采用“动词动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式”结构。结构。 told/asked/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.祈使句的直接引语和间接引语祈使句的直接引语和间接引语如果祈使句是表示如果祈使句是表示请求请求, 间接引语的间接引语的动词常用动词常用ask; 如果是表示如果是表示命令命令, 间接间接引语的动词常用引语的动词常用tell, order, command等。等。直接引语 (变化前)间接引语(变化后)祈使句The offic
21、er said to him, “Dont leave your post.”不定式不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.直接引语 (变化前)间接引语 (变化后) Lets 开头的祈使句 I said to him, “Lets start at once.”that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.He said, “Lets go to the film.”He suggested going to the film.或或 He sug
22、gested that they should go to see the film.直接引语如果是以直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句开头的祈使句, 变为间接引语时变为间接引语时, 通常用通常用 “suggest +动名词动名词(或从句或从句)”。如。如: 直接引语 (变化前)间接引语(变化后)感叹句He said: “How happy I am!”that/what/how引导引导的宾语从句的宾语从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.感叹句 直引: 主语+动词+“感叹句” 间引: 主语+动词+陈述句e.g
23、. He said, “What a fine day it is!” He said, “How fine the day is!” He said what a fine day it was. He said how fine the day was. He exclaimed that it was a fine day.Keys to the Exercises 3 on page 121. RequestThe children asked their teacher to sing a song for them.2. CommandThe mother ordered her
24、child to turn off the radio.3. Request The dentist asked a patient to open his mouth, so he could see the bad tooth clearly.4. Request The secretary asked the woman on the phone to hold on for a minute.5. Request John asked his classmate if /weather he could borrow his pen.6. Command The teacher ord
25、ered his student to come up to his office.4. Make some dialogues using commands and requests and retell them in indirect speech.1. A bear is moving towards a boy. What do you say to the boy to make sure that he is not hurt?2. An English teacher is telling her students what they must do for homework.
26、 A student cannot hear the teacher very clearly. What should he say to his classmate to find out what to do? Think of more situations for your conversations.SampleSituation1: Tom : Take care! A bear is moving towards you. Boy : Oh, who can help me?Tom : Stay calm and dont move. Boy : Tom told the bo
27、y to take care, for a bear is moving towards the boy. The boy asked who could help him. Tom told the boy to stay calm and not to move.1. He said, “My sister was here for three days.” He said that _ sister _ _ _ _ three days.2. She said, “Ill go there tomorrow.” She said that _ _ go there _.hishad be
28、enthere forshe wouldthe next day练一练练一练3. She said, “Did you see him last night?” She _ me _ him _.4. “When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Peter. Father _ Peter _ _ the night _.askedif/whether I had seenthe night beforeaskedwhen he went tobeforebed5. The host said to us, “Please come t
29、o see us again if you have time.” _ _.6. The teacher said to me, “Write a letter to your parents.” _ _The host asked us to go to see them again if we had timeThe teacher told me to write a letter to my parents. 1. “Could you pass me the salt?” Mary said to me. Mary asked me to pass her the salt. 2.
30、“Show me your license, please.” the policeman said to the driver. The policeman told the driver to show him the license.把直接引语转换为间接引语。把直接引语转换为间接引语。3. The teacher said to me, “Can you pass on the book to Tom?”4. Mother said to Li Ming, “Stop playing computer games!” Mother ordered Li Ming to stop play
31、ing computer games. The teacher asked me to pass on the book to Tom.5. The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” The mother asked Tom to get up early.6. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 1. The landlady asked him to p
32、ut his coat in the closet.“Will you please put your coat in the closet?” said the landlady.把间接引语转换为直接引语。把间接引语转换为直接引语。 The landlady asked him not to put his coat on the bed.“Will you please not put your coat on the bed?” asked the landlady.2. The young father told his children to stand still.“Stand s
33、till,” the young father said to his children.The young father told his children not to move. “Dont move,” the young father said to his children.3. Mother told me to lock the door after midnight. “Lock the door after midnight,” said Mother.Mother told me not to leave the door open after midnight.“Don
34、t leave the door open after midnight,” said Mother.1. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closingC. asked; to close D. said to; please closeChoose the best answer.C 2. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not
35、to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to doD 3. “Dont put it on my hat.”his wife said to him. His wife told him _ put it on _hat. A. dont, his B. dont, her C. not to, his D. not to, herD 4. Rose asked Tom, “Did you see my purse?” Rose asked Tom _. A. whether that he had se
36、en her purse B. whether he had seen her purse C. that whether he had seen her purse D. that if he has seen her purseB 5. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matterC 解析解析: 如果直接引语是如果直接引语是“Whats the matter?” “Whats wrong?” “Whats the tr
37、ouble?”, 变间接引语时语序不变。变间接引语时语序不变。6. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member C 解析解析: 选择疑问句要变成选
38、择疑问句要变成whether或或if引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。 7. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.解析解析: 反意疑问句要变成反意疑问句要变成whether或或 if引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。B 8. He asked _ for th
39、e computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paidD 9. Tom asked Jack _. A. why he was so excited B. why was he so excited C. why is he so excited D. why he is so excitedA10. The boy said, “May I go along with you?” The boy asked me _. A. if I might go along
40、with you B. if he might go along with you C. if he might go along with me D. if he might go along with the boyC 11. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _ very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to h
41、is mother that the boy was C12. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the filmD13. “Please close the window, ” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked; to close D. said to; please closeC Homework1.Review the Grammar rules -Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.2. Finish the exercises on workbook.
