1、问题一问题一: 什么是宾语什么是宾语?宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象的对象,常由名词或相当于名词的词担任常由名词或相当于名词的词担任,置置于及物动词或介词后。于及物动词或介词后。I love you.I am fond of reading books in the sun.He bought me a pen.How is he getting along with his English teacher?We keep it a secret.I will arrange my holiday as follows.问题二问题二: 什么是
2、宾语从句什么是宾语从句?在复合句中作宾语的从句就叫作宾语从句，放在在复合句中作宾语的从句就叫作宾语从句，放在及物动词及物动词,介词后面。介词后面。I think (that) your clothes fit well.He couldnt tell me where his home was.作及物动词的宾语作及物动词的宾语作介词的宾语作介词的宾语He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.He talked of how he helped the old man. I think (that ) you should stu
3、dy hard. 主句主句 连接词连接词 从句从句构成：主句构成：主句 +连接词连接词 +从句从句He asked me where I had put his book. 主句主句 连接词连接词 从句从句 宾语从句三要点宾语从句三要点一、语序（陈述）一、语序（陈述）二、引导词（三种）二、引导词（三种）三、时态（主、从句）三、时态（主、从句）1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序陈述句结构叫陈述语序2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序疑问句结构叫疑问语序 将下列一般问句改成将下列一般问句改成陈述句陈述句语序：语序： (主语主语谓语谓语) He wants to know: 1.Is there a bank near
4、here? 2.Was it on the fifth floor? 3.Are they doing homework? There is a bank near here. It was on the fifth floor . They are doing homework. 4.Does she work in a hospital? 5.Did you go to Center Park?6.Do we have to wear a uniform? she works you wentwe have towe can wear7.Can we wear hats in school
5、?他叫什么名字？ Whats his name?他怎么去上学？ How does he go to school?I am not sure what his name is . 主句 how he goes to school.从句用陈述语序（主语+谓语+.)一：由从属连词一：由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 二：二：由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句三：三：由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句Eg : The earth goes arou
6、nd the sun. I know I know that the earth goes around the sun. He will be back in an hour. I think I think that he will be back in an hour.练习题 I hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来） 2.He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们） 3.The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the eart
7、h moves around the sunEg: Is Alice 15 years old? I wonder. I wonder if/ whether Alice is 15 years old.I want to know: _ 他明天是否回来。 _你是否喜欢可乐。if he will come back.if you like kole.e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我们一起去公园）2. Ask him _. （他是否能来）3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨） if (whether) he will go to the park wit
8、h us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not1.1.当句末为当句末为or notor not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whetherwhether而不能用而不能用if.if.2.2.在介词后面在介词后面, ,引导词只能用引导词只能用whetherwhether而不能用而不能用if. if. 3.3.在动词不定式前在动词不定式前, ,引导词只能用引导词只能用whetherwhether而不能用而不能用if. if. 4. 句子开头一定用句子开头一定用whether ( (一开头，两前一后：句子开头，不定式一
9、开头，两前一后：句子开头，不定式or notor not前，介词后）前，介词后）1）They were thinking about _ (是否)they would go there. 2) I dont know _(是否)she can help me or not. 3) She cant decide _(是否)to go there on foot. 4) Whether this is true , Im not sure. 这是否真实，我不敢肯定。这是否真实，我不敢肯定。whetherwhetherwhetherEg : How old is Alice? I want to
10、know I want to know how old Alice is.Eg : How often do you go to the library? Could you tell me how often you go to the library? 1. He asked _. (谁谁能回答这个问题）2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁）3. He asked _. （谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Please tell me _. （我们什么时候开会）5. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿）6. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站）7.
11、Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了） who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late1.She said: “I like English very much.” She said ( ) she liked English very much.2.
12、The teacher asked: “Do you like English?” The teacher asked ( ) English.3.Mike asked: “When will our plane land?” Mike asked ( ) .4.Mary asked me: “How long have you stayed inChina?”Mary asked me( )( ) in China. thatif/whetherwhenhowlongI liked our plane would landI had stayed1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不当主句
13、是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制作限制,根据句意用所需要的任何一种时态。根据句意用所需要的任何一种时态。 (主现，从不限主现，从不限) I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice .I am sure ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago I know ( that ) he is interested in English .2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应
14、的过去的时态去的时态 （主过，从四过）一般过去式（主过，从四过）一般过去式/过去进行时过去进行时/过去过去完成时完成时/过去将来时（如有明确的时间标志表明是过去将来时（如有明确的时间标志表明是一般过去式一般过去式/过去进行时，就用此时态；如判断该用将来时用过去将来时；过去进行时，就用此时态；如判断该用将来时用过去将来时；如判断该用完成时，就用过去完成时。如判断该用完成时，就用过去完成时。 He said ( that ) he would go to Xian the next day. He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( tha
15、t ) he was reading a book at that time. He said ( that ) he had had supper already .客观存在的事实,自然现象、名言、谚语主句即使使用了过去时，宾语从句仍然用一般现在时 He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon .The teacher told the students that no news is good news .The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our h
16、ealth .He said (that) time is money.1. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)2. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the sun. 3. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)4. Ling Feng told me he _ to Shanghai several times. (be)5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _
17、in the east. (rise)6. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) would write moves has taken had been risesdid1.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)2.Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 3.I hear they _ (return) it already. 4.He asked what they _ at eight
18、last night. (do)5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)goeswere playinghave returnedwere doinghad been6. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)7.I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)8.I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)9.The radio says
19、 it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)travelsare talkingwerewill be将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said
20、. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. 注
21、意注意:1-Mike wants to know if we (have)a picnic tomorrow. - Yes. But if it (rain), well visit the museum instead.2. I dont know if she (tell) me when she (arrive) 我不知道当她回来时她是否会告诉我我不知道当她回来时她是否会告诉我3.He didnt tell me when we (hold) the sports meeting the next week.3. If 既可以引导既可以引导_从句从句（是否），又可以引导（是否），又可以引
22、导 从句从句(如果如果).从句不同，从句不同，词义、词义、时态变化时态变化不同不同。 When既可以引导既可以引导宾语宾语从句从句,（何时）又可以引导（何时）又可以引导 从句。从句。从句不同，从句不同， 不不同。同。(当当的时候的时候) will haverainswill tellarriveswould hold宾语宾语条件状语条件状语时间状语时间状语词义、词义、时态变化时态变化I dont know when he _ . When he _ ,Ill let you know. A.comes; comes B.will come; comesC.comes; will come D.
23、will come; will comeB解析：例解析：例1中包含有宾语从句和条件状语从句，中包含有宾语从句和条件状语从句，前一句为宾语从句，后一句为时间状语从句。在前一句为宾语从句，后一句为时间状语从句。在宾语从句中，当主句为一般现在时，从句可根据宾语从句中，当主句为一般现在时，从句可根据句意采用任何时态，故第一空应填将来时；第二句意采用任何时态，故第一空应填将来时；第二句是一个由句是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，主句为将引导的时间状语从句，主句为将来时态，从句应该用一般现在时态，故答案为来时态，从句应该用一般现在时态，故答案为B。单元语法聚焦三单元语法聚焦三4 4：宾语从句的：宾语从句
24、的“否定转移否定转移” ” 当主句的谓语动词为当主句的谓语动词为think, believethink, believe等词，且主语为第一等词，且主语为第一人称时，从句中的否定词人称时，从句中的否定词notnot应转移到主句谓语动词。如：应转移到主句谓语动词。如：I think. She cant come.( (合并为一句合并为一句) )I dont think she can come. 单元语法聚焦三单元语法聚焦三5 5：宾语从句的简化结构：宾语从句的简化结构由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句通常可以简化成由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句通常可以简化成“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词不定式不定式”结构，此时主从
25、复合句也就变成了简单句，但简化结构，此时主从复合句也就变成了简单句，但简化必须符合以下两种条件：必须符合以下两种条件：1 1简单句的疑问词为原宾语从句的引导词；简单句的疑问词为原宾语从句的引导词；2 2原从句的主语应与主句的主语或间接宾语一致。原从句的主语应与主句的主语或间接宾语一致。I dont know what I should do next.( (改为简单句改为简单句) )I dont know _. what to do next 单元语法聚焦三单元语法聚焦三考点考点6 6：含有宾语从句的复合句的反意疑问句：含有宾语从句的复合句的反意疑问句1 1陈述部分是陈述部分是“I/We th
26、ink (know, believe, suppose, consider)that从句从句”或者是或者是“Im/Were sure that; Im/Were afraid that; I/We hope that; It seems that”时，附加疑问部分的主语应和从时，附加疑问部分的主语应和从句一致，但需注意否定前移的情况。如：句一致，但需注意否定前移的情况。如：I dont think he is right, _？Im sure that you know him well, _？is he dont you 单元语法聚焦三单元语法聚焦三7.7.如果主语是其他人称，附加疑问部分的
27、主语和主句一致。如果主语是其他人称，附加疑问部分的主语和主句一致。Your father believed you could succeed, _？Kate doesnt know if Jim is a good singer, _？ didnt he does she 考点考点8 8：宾语从句中人称的变化：宾语从句中人称的变化注意宾语从句中人称代词的正确使用。一般遵循注意宾语从句中人称代词的正确使用。一般遵循“一随主，二一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。的原则。 【例例1】 When I went to have the bill,I realized I ha
28、d my wallet at home.2006 北京市北京市 A.forgotten B.left C.had D.taken 中考典型例题解析中考典型例题解析【例例3】 Do you know _ I could pass the exam? Sorry,Ive no idea. A.that B.whether C.what D.which B【例例2】 Could you tell me _?2003 甘肃省甘肃省 A.when will Tom come back B.when does Tom come back C.when Tom will come back D.when T
29、om comes backCB 【例例4】 Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?2003 北京海淀区北京海淀区 A.what will Tom do B.what did Tom do C.what Tom will do D.what Tom didC 【例例7】 Mr King didnt know _ yesterday evening.2003 吉林省吉林省 A.when does his son come home B.when his son comes home C.when did his son come home D
30、.when his son came home【例例5】 Do you know _?2003 北京市北京市 Next year. A.when he come B.when did he come C.when he will come D.when will he come C 【例例6】 Could you tell us _?2003 河南省河南省 A.when you will send the fridge to our house B.when will you send the fridge to our house C.when you would send the frid
31、ge to our house D.when would you send the fridge to our house DA.单项选择单项选择1.Do you remember _ last time? A.what is your teacher saying B.what your teacher said C.what did your teacher say D.what your teacher says2.He didnt tell me _ A.how old he was B.how old was he C.he was how old D.how much did it
32、 cost3.Excuse me,could you tell me _?A.whats wrong with him B.what wrong is with himC.what was wrong with him D.what wrong was with him 课时训练课时训练(B)(A)(A)4.Excuse me，can you tell me _? A.when does the train leave B.when the train had left C.when the train leaves D.when did the train leave5.I wonder _
33、. A.where have you gone B.where you have gone C.where have you been D.where you have been6.He wants to know _ America.A.when will Mr.Li leave for B.when will Mr.Wang stay inC.why will Mr.Wang stay in D.when Mr.Wang will leave for7.I want to know if _ a meeting tomorrow. A.you have B.you will have C.
34、do you have D.will you have(C)(D)(D)(B)8.Id like to know _.A.when will he give back the tapeB.whether has he received higher educationC.that he has been busyD.whether she will join in our English Evening9.He asked me whether I _ to his birthday party if I _ time. A.was going,had B.would go ,would ha
35、ve C.was going,was going to have D.will go,have10.He said he _ to visit that famous museum the next week.A.will go B.should go C.were going D.would go11.He asked _ they could go to Beijing or Nanjing. A.how B.what C.if D.whether(D)(A)(D)(D)单元语法聚焦三单元语法聚焦三( () )1212. .Could you tell me_？Awhat to do it
36、 Bwhat to doChow to do Dwhen to do B 解析解析 特殊疑问代词特殊疑问代词what作作do的宾语，故的宾语，故A项不正确；疑项不正确；疑问副词问副词how，when不能作宾语，不能作宾语，C、D两项错误，故选两项错误，故选B B。 .句型转换句型转换同义句转换同义句转换(1)He taught me how to surf.He taught me how _ _surf.(2)The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese well. The foreigners want to know_ _l
37、earn chinese well.(3)He cant decide which one to choose.He cant decide which one _ _choose.(4)He asked “Do you like living here?He asked _you _living here.I couldhow tohe could if liked (5)Could you tell me where I should show the tickets. Could you tell me _ _ _the tickets.(6)I wondered whether I c
38、ould go.I wondered _ _go.(7)I dont know what I should say at the meeting?I dont know _ _say at the meeting.(8)Can you tell me which dress we should buy.Can you tell me _ _ _buy.where to showwhether towhat towhich dress to1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
39、（北京市（北京市东城区）东城区）A.thatB.howC.whatD.if2.Idontknow_Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.（杭州市）（杭州市）A.whyB.whenC.howD.whereIwastold_BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.(宾语）宾语）（重庆市）（重庆市）A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhenDoyouknow_?Imgoingtoseehim.Sorry,Idontknow.（北京市海淀区）（北京市海
40、淀区）A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.LilivedWheredoyouthink_he_thecomputer?Sorry,Ihavenoidea.（南京市）（南京市）A.;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buyIdontfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_thismorning.（重庆市）（重庆市）A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwasD.whatwrongwas用所给动词的正确形式填空
41、用所给动词的正确形式填空Ihopehe_(come)backinaweek.Ourteachertoldusthatlight_(travel)muchfasterthansound.Pleasetellmeifshe_(come)againnexttime.willcometravelswillcome用合适的连接词填空。用合适的连接词填空。 1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？3. She said _ it w
42、ouldnt matter much.4. He always thinks _ he can do better.5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.whywhothathowwhen/how soonv6. They dont know _ to go or wait. v7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow.v8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. v9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. v10. Do you know _ you are studying for? whetherwhetherwhatwhywhat 小结小结:v复习宾语从句复习宾语从句: 连接词、陈述语序和时态呼应连接词、陈述语序和时态呼应v解题方法：判断语义解题方法：判断语义 语序正常语序正常 时态一致时态一致
