1、时态，语态 动词时态动词时态 时态时态是英语谓语动词的一种形是英语谓语动词的一种形式式,表示动词发生的时间和所处表示动词发生的时间和所处的状态的状态.最常用的有最常用的有十种时态十种时态: 一般现在一般现在_一般过去一般过去_一般将来一般将来_过去将来过去将来_现在进行现在进行_过去进行过去进行_将来进行将来进行_现在完成现在完成_过去完成过去完成_现在完成进行现在完成进行_高考常考的十种时态高考常考的十种时态以以 write 为例写出它们的结构为例写出它们的结构 write / writes wrote will write is/am/are writing was/were writin
2、g will be writing have/has written had written have/has been writing would writenowpastfutureTime line1.李华在上海工作。李华在上海工作。2.刚才你去哪了？刚才你去哪了？3.我已经买了一本字典。我已经买了一本字典。4.当他回来时，老师已走了。当他回来时，老师已走了。5.昨天下午她在写一篇论文，不知写好没。昨天下午她在写一篇论文，不知写好没。6.嘿。李明，我不知道你也在这儿。嘿。李明，我不知道你也在这儿。7.老师说她也会去看比赛。老师说她也会去看比赛。8.明天下午我们将正在考试。明天下午我们将正
3、在考试。9.到到2010年为止，他将完成这个工程年为止，他将完成这个工程.。1.works in .2.did you go just now.3.have bought .4.When he came back, had left.5.was writing , has finished6 I didnt know you are here.7.said that .8.will be taking an exam9.By the end of 2010，he will have finished.一、一般现在时一、一般现在时1.表示经常性的动作表示经常性的动作 说话时人和事物的特性或状态；
4、客观真理等。说话时人和事物的特性或状态；客观真理等。The old man gets up at 6 oclock every day.2.在时间和条件状语从句中表示一般将来时。在时间和条件状语从句中表示一般将来时。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.3. 表示计划或安排中的将来动作，通常为表示计划或安排中的将来动作，通常为go, come, start, leave, stay, return, begin, be等动词。等动词。-Is there any meeting today?-Yes. It begins at 1:30
5、 in the afternoon.这个老人每天这个老人每天6点起床点起床如果下雨的话排球赛将被推迟如果下雨的话排球赛将被推迟-今天有会议吗？今天有会议吗？-有。下午有。下午1：30开始开始二、一般现在时二、一般现在时nowpast二、一般过去时二、一般过去时1。表示过去所发生的事情或状态：也。表示过去所发生的事情或状态：也可可一短时时间发生过的动一短时时间发生过的动作或状态。作或状态。拜伦死于希腊。拜伦死于希腊。 Byron died in Greece.2.表示过去的习惯表示过去的习惯10年前他抽烟抽的很凶。年前他抽烟抽的很凶。 He smoked a lot ten years ago.
6、3.在时间和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时表示在时间和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时表示“过去将来过去将来”的动作或状态：的动作或状态：她一直到死都要戴着王冠她一直到死都要戴着王冠she would wear the crown until_.4.在间接引语中可表示在间接引语中可表示”现在现在“的情况：的情况：你怎么知道我是马克？你怎么知道我是马克？How did you know that I am Mark?nowpast当他年轻时，在美国工作过五年当他年轻时，在美国工作过五年When young, he _in the US for five yearsworkedshe died三、一般将
7、来时三、一般将来时我将非常乐意来与你的妻子见面。我将非常乐意来与你的妻子见面。I shall/will be delighted to come and meet your wife.”be going to+动词原形动词原形“也常用来表示也常用来表示”最近将来最近将来“的情况或的情况或按计划、安排或某种迹象表明将要发生的情况。按计划、安排或某种迹象表明将要发生的情况。明天将要下雨。明天将要下雨。It is going to rain.注注*疑问句疑问句”Shall I / we?”表示征询意见：表示征询意见： *if引导的条件从句一般不用将来时引导的条件从句一般不用将来时，Lots of j
8、obs _ if the factory closes. A.will lose B.will be lost C.lost D.losesnowfutureWill doShall we go now?我们现在去好吗？我们现在去好吗？B四、过去将来时四、过去将来时表示相对于过去某一时间将要发生的动作表示相对于过去某一时间将要发生的动作或状态，常见于宾语从句。或状态，常见于宾语从句。昨天医生对你说我将不久于人世，是吧？昨天医生对你说我将不久于人世，是吧？Yesterday, the doctor told you that I would die soon, didnt he?nowpastW
9、ould do五、现在进行时五、现在进行时1、表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况，、表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况，他现在在做什么？他现在在做什么？What is he doing now?2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况、表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况今天，许多被污染的河流正变得越来越清澈。今天，许多被污染的河流正变得越来越清澈。Today, many rivers _ are getting cleaner and cleaner3、表示按计划将要发生的动作或情况，通常只限于、表示按计划将要发生的动作或情况，通常只限于go, come, leave, arrive等少
10、数动词。等少数动词。我下个月去伦敦我下个月去伦敦 I am going to London next month.nowthat were polluted注注*表示情感或心理状态等状态动词一般不能用于进行时表示情感或心理状态等状态动词一般不能用于进行时。这类词常见的有这类词常见的有agree, appear, be, believe, belong, see, feel, forget, have, hear, know, like, love, notice, mind, realize, remember, seem, think, wish, want等。等。*现在进行时与现在进行时与
11、always等词连用时带有一定的感情色彩，多表示等词连用时带有一定的感情色彩，多表示令人不愉快的事情或者一种称赞的。令人不愉快的事情或者一种称赞的。You must not always be talking so much in class.He is always working hard.六、过去进行时六、过去进行时1、表示过去某一时间或某一阶段正在进行的动作。、表示过去某一时间或某一阶段正在进行的动作。当时无线电刚刚发明，人们都在谈论用电来传送图象。当时无线电刚刚发明，人们都在谈论用电来传送图象。Radios had just been invented then, and peopl
12、e were talking about sending pictures by electricity.2、与、与when从句连用，表示从句连用，表示“一动作正在进行时突然发生一动作正在进行时突然发生”Mary 在做衣服时割伤了手。在做衣服时割伤了手。Mary was making a dress when she cuther finger.nowpastwas doing七、将来进行时七、将来进行时1、表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作、表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作This time on Sunday I _ in Jiaojiang.(attend a lectur
13、e) nowfuturewill be attending a lecture九、现在完成时九、现在完成时1、表示发生在过去但对现在有影响的动作。、表示发生在过去但对现在有影响的动作。你听说过林则徐的故事吗？你听说过林则徐的故事吗？ Have you heard about the story of Lin Zexu?2、表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作，常用于延续性动词，、表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作，常用于延续性动词， 多带延续性时间状语，如多带延续性时间状语，如: since, for three weeks, so far, in recent years等
14、。等。He _here for many years since he arrived.3、表示将来，用于时间、条件等从句中。、表示将来，用于时间、条件等从句中。我一完成工作就和你一起去。我一完成工作就和你一起去。Ill go with you as soon as I have finished my work.nowpast1.对现在的影响对现在的影响 2.一直延续到现在一直延续到现在 has lived 这个城市见证了在过去的三十年发生的巨大变化。这个城市见证了在过去的三十年发生的巨大变化。The city has seen the great changes in the last 3
15、0 years.The last 30 years have seen the great changes in the city.The great changes have taken place in the city in the last 30 如：如：“他参军已经三年了。他参军已经三年了。”不能翻译成：不能翻译成：“He has joined the army for three years.”但可变通为：但可变通为：”He has been in the army for three years.”“He joined the army three years ago.”*在在“
16、this is the first (second) time that ”句型中，句型中，这是我第三次来这里。这是我第三次来这里。 This is the third time that I have been here.*副词副词before常与现在完成时连用。常与现在完成时连用。Have you ever met him before? 你以前见过他吗？你以前见过他吗？九、过去完成时九、过去完成时1、表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，、表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，Jack told me that he _(post) my letter.2、在、在”no soonerthan
17、”, “hardly/scarcelywhen”等句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用过去时。等句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用过去时。你刚离开他就到了。你刚离开他就到了。No sooner had you left than he arrived.nowpasthad done3、_有些动词的有些动词的过去完成时过去完成时表示过去的希望、预期、意图、愿望等没有实现。表示过去的希望、预期、意图、愿望等没有实现。We _ that you would be able to visit us. (原本希望原本希望 expect)had postedHardly/Scarcely had you
18、 left when he arrived.hope, expect, think, intend, mean(打算打算), suppose, wanthad expected十、现在完成进行时十、现在完成进行时表示从表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续下下去的动作，去的动作，have/has been doingI have been working in Chumen High School for 10 years.Summary: 现在进行时的现在进行时的被动语态被动语态1. A new library is being built
19、 now.2. Some animals are not being protected well enough.3. Is the bridge being repaired now?1. 1. 构成构成： ： am/is/aream/is/are (not)(not) + + beingbeing + + donedone2. 2. 意义意义： ： 正在被做正在被做. .is being builtare not beingIsbeing repairedprotected 表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作 今晚将要进行一场圣诞晚会。今晚将要进行
20、一场圣诞晚会。 A Christmas party is being held tonight.be + under / in +n. 的结构可以表示现在进行时的的结构可以表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。被动语态的含义。The problem is under discussion now.= The problem is being discussed now.The telephone is in use.= The telephone is being used.1. Since your bike _, you can use mine. A. has been repaired B.
21、 is repaired C. has been repairing D. is being repaired2. Look! The foreign guests _ around the factory by Mr Zhang. A. is showing B. are being shown C. are being showing D. have been shown3. -Do you know what Lily is doing? - She _ in the office. A. may be interviewed B. can be interviewed C. can b
22、eing interviewed D. may be being interviewed一般现在一般现在_一般过去一般过去_一般将来一般将来_过去将来过去将来_现在进行现在进行_过去进行过去进行_将来进行将来进行_现在完成现在完成_过去完成过去完成_现在完成进行现在完成进行_高考常考的十种时态高考常考的十种时态以以 write 为例写出它们的结构为例写出它们的结构 write / writes wrote will write is/am/are writing was/were writing will be writing have/has written had written have
23、/has been writing would writeis written was written will be written would be written is being written was being written will be being written has been written had been written-“Are you still busy?” -“Yes, I _(finish) my work and it wont take long.”Tom _ in Africa for 30 years. Last week, he retired
24、and returned to China. -“Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.” - “Oh ! I thought they _(go) without me.” 4. Ouch! You hurt me! I am sorry. But I_ any harm. I _ to drive a rat out. A. didnt mean; tried B. dont mean; am trying C. havent meant; tried D. didnt mean; was trying
25、5. I have got a headache. No wonder. You _ in front of that computer all the morning. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. workedam finishinghad goneDCworked高考题点击：高考题点击：1. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completedB. completes C. will be completed D. is completed2. Clea
26、ning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. payB. paying C. paid D. to payDC3. Books of this kind _ well. A. sell B. sells C. are soldD. is sold4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. loseB. will be lostC. are lostD. will loseAB5. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next m
27、onth. (2001 北京春季北京春季) A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. (2001上海上海) A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designedD. would be designedDB7. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the
28、earth in the near future. (2002上海春季上海春季) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cutC8. He insisted that the report _ at once. (hand in) He insisted that the girl _ his wallet. (steal) should be handed in had stolen1.He stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in the forms. A. sittin
29、g B. to sit C. sat D. having it2.She said she would telephone but we _from her so far. A.havent heard B.didnt hear C.hadnt heard D.wont hear3.When I got to the cinema, the film_for ten minutes. A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was4.Ill go with you as soon as I_my homework. A.will finish B.fin
30、ish C.am finishing D.finished5.If it_tomorrow,I wont go to the cinema. A.will rain B.rains C.is raining D.rained6.She is going to be a nurse when she_up. A.is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？，下列哪一句不对？ A.I have had this book for three months. B.I have boug
31、ht this book for three months. C.I bought this book three months ago. D.It is three months since I bought this book.8. Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift. A.never think; are going B.never thought; were going C.didnt think; were going D.had
32、t thought; were going9.When I was at college I _ three foreign languages,but I _ all except for a few words of each. A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten10.The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _. A.has broken into; has b
33、een stolen B.had broken into; had been stolen C.has been broken into; stolen D.had been broken into; stolen11.The volleyball match will be put off if it_. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining12.Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes13.The student
34、s _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left14. Have you moved into the new house? No yet, the rooms _, A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting15.
35、 We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened16. Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming17. We could have walked to the station.It was so ne
36、ar. Yes, A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be18.If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to19
37、.Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slippping; looked20.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picking C. had seen; picked D. saw; was pickingRevision of the Passive Voice1. Eve
38、ry year over 29,000 antelopes _ (kill) in Tibet.-Present Simple2. In the past, the elephants _ (kill) by farmers.-Past Simpleare killedwere killed3. In the past twenty years, a large number of bamboo areas _ (set up) to help pandas grow.-Present Perfect4. Nearly all the Milu deer _ (kill) before the
39、y were brought back from UK.-Past Perfecthave been set uphad been killedRevision of the Passive Voice1. Every year over 29,000 antelopes _ (kill) in Tibet.-Present Simple2. In the past, the elephants _ (kill) by farmers.-Past Simpleare killedwere killed3. In the past twenty years, a large number of
40、bamboo areas _ (set up) to help pandas grow.-Present Perfect4. Nearly all the Milu deer _ (kill) before they were brought back from UK.-Past Perfecthave been set uphad been killed5. At present a new home _ (build) for pandas.is being built-Present Continuous6. WWF hopes that more and more wild animals _ (protect) in the future.will be protected-Future Simple
