1、牛津英语词汇详解必修二Unit 4 Exploring literatureWord listsSupportive sentences1. devote oneself to致力，专心，献身（43）2. *earnest /nst/ adj.非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的（43）【原句背诵】My meaning simply is, that whatever I have tried to do in life, I have tried with all my heart to do well; that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have d
2、evoted myself to completely; that in great aims and in small, I have always been thoroughly in earnest. -David Copperfield, by Charles Dickson 【拓展】devote ones life/time/energy to (doing) sthg. 把奉献给be devoted to把奉献给devotion n. 奉献；献身；忠诚；热爱earnestly adv.认真地；真诚地earnestness n. U 认真；诚挚；正经【同义词组】commit ones
3、elf to, bend oneself to, occupy oneself to, engage oneself to, dedicate oneself to等。【误区】在devoteto和be devoted to中，to是介词，其后要接名词或动词-ing形式。Yuan Longping devoted himself to the study of hybrid rice. 袁隆平一辈子都致力于杂交水稻的研究。He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific investigation. 他决定把余生奉献给科学研究。We
4、need to make committed and very earnest efforts to address these problems. 我们需要做出坚定和非常认真的努力来解决这些问题。【链接高考】（2018江苏卷）The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages. 修道院博物馆和花园是大都会艺术博物馆的一个分支，致力于中世纪欧洲的艺术和建筑。 （
5、2015四川卷）The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. 母亲在情感上、身体上和精神上投入到孩子身上的精力可能是无穷无尽的，但孩子也是巨大的快乐和幸福的源泉。 3. *butterfly /btfla/ n.蝴蝶（43）【原句背诵】Butterflies too are few and so are flowers and most
6、 things that are beautiful. 4. literature/ltrt(r)/ n.文学，文学作品（44）【原句背诵】The wonder of literature 【拓展】great works of literature 文学巨著classic works of literature 古典文学作品literary adj.文学的；书面的；精通文学的I have spent my life getting to know diverse literatures of different epochs. 我花费一生时间来逐渐了解不同时代形形色色的文学。5. *shell
7、/el/ n.贝壳；壳（44）【原句背诵】A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. Suddenly he heard strange, low, musical sounds.6. in store (for sb.) 即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人）（44）【原句背诵】Some such experience as this lies in store for us when we begin the study of literat
8、ure. 【拓展】have/lie in store for即将到来We dont know what life holds in store for us.我们不知道等待我们的将是什么样的生活。If you fail, its because there are better things in store for you. 如果你失败了，那是因为还有更好的事情等你去做。If she had known what lay in store for her, she would never have agreed to go. 要是她事先知道会有什么遭遇的话，她决不会同意去的。7. appea
9、l /pil/ vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n.吸引力；申诉；呼吁（44）【原句背诵】Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic.【拓展】appeal to sb. for sthg.为某事向某人呼吁请求appeal to sb. to do sthg. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事make an appeal to sb. for sthg. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求make an appeal to
10、 sb. to do sthg. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁人人节约用水。The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups. 设计得要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。The Beatles have never really lost their appeal. 披头士乐队的感染力经久不衰。The police have issued an appeal for witnesses. 警方发出了寻找目击证人的呼吁。The police
11、made an appeal to the public to remain calm. 警方吁请公众保持镇静。【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. 尽管人们对情商的持续关注是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能激发人们对情感科学和学术
12、研究的更大兴趣。 （2018天津卷）Once youve got a list of courses that appeal to you, its worth looking at some other sources of information about them, like independent reports. 一旦你有了吸引你的课程表，你就有必要看看其他关于这些课程的信息来源，比如独立报告。 8. determine/dtmn/ vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心（44）9. significant /snfknt/ adj.有重要意义的，显著的（44）【原句背诵】The fi
13、rst step is to determine some of its significant qualities.【拓展】determine to do sthg.决定做某事(表示动作)determined adj. 坚决的，坚定的be determined to do sthg. 决心做某事(表示状态)determination n. 决心with determination 坚决地，果断地It is significant that . 很明显significance n. 意义，意思，重要性be of significance to. 对有重要意义attach significanc
14、e to. 认为重要(to为介词)【反义词】insignificant adj. 无关紧要的；无价值的An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident. 已展开调查以确定事故原因。Upbringing（扶养；培养）plays an important part in determining a persons character. 后天培养对于一个人性格的形成起着重要作用。He fought the illness with courage and determination. 他勇敢顽强地与疾病作斗争。Your work
15、 has shown a significant improvement. 你的工作有了显著改进。 It is significant that girls generally do better in examinations than boys. 很明显，女生的考试成绩一般比男生的好。The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the Covid 19 epidemic. 这种新药对于治疗新冠感染有重大的意义。【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）And the more we look, the more we will s
16、ee that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. 我们看得越多，就越会发现社会因素，比如性别、种族和阶级，并不能决定天才的外表。 （2020浙江卷）Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. 研究人员认为，父亲们需要采取一种“权威”的育儿方式。 （2021全国乙卷）But since the results at 70 de
17、cibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise not too loud and not total silence may actually improve ones creative thinking ability. 但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音不要太吵，也不要完全安静实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。 10. description /dskrpn/ n.描述，形容，说明（44）【原句背诵】The first qualit
18、y of literature is its description of truth and beauty. 【拓展】give a full/detailed description/account of sthg./sb. 详细描述beyond description难以描述describe vt. 描写；描述；形容describe sb./sthg. as.把描写为descriptive描写的，叙述的【误区】注意从动词describe到名词description的词形变化！The description which he had been given was brief and to t
19、he point. 对他所作的描述简要、中肯。Police have issued a description of the man who was aged between fifty and sixty. 警方已已公布了这一年龄在50至60之间的男子的相貌特征。The beauty of the scene goes beyond description. 景色之美简直难以描绘。Jim was described by his colleagues as unusual. 吉姆被同事们称为“不寻常”的人。【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）We prefer to describe emot
20、ional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. 我们更喜欢把情商描述为一套特定的技能，可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目的。（2020新高考I卷）Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 无论是什么，结果都是对最纯粹的中亚传统的完美而生动的描述。 11. sensitive/senstv/
21、adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的（45）12. soul /sl/n.灵魂；心性，内心（45）13. reflect vt. & vi.反映，显示；映出（影像）；反射（声、光、热等）；沉思（45）【原句背诵】Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.【拓展】be sensitive to. 对敏感be sensitive about. 神
22、经过敏的，易生气的sensible adj. 明智的，意识到的be sensible of 意识到，认识到reflect .in .在中映出be reflected in 倒映在；反映在reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思on reflection 再三考虑reflective adj. 反射的；反映的；沉思的Employment is a very sensitive issue. 就业是一个非常敏感的问题。She is very sensitive to other peoples feelings. 她很能体
23、谅他人的感情。The classroom teacher must be sensitive to a childs needs. 课堂教师必须理解孩子的需求。It was a very polished performance, but it lacked soul. 这场演出技艺很精湛，但缺少真挚的情感。When the suns rays hit the earth, a lot of the heat is reflected back into space. 太阳光线照射到地球时，大量的热被反射回太空。Our newspaper aims to reflect the views o
24、f the local community. 我们的报纸旨在表达当地人民的心声。I think you should stop for a moment and reflect on your successes and failures. 我认为你应该停下来反思一下你的成功和失败。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of(41)herself（she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 她长得非常漂亮，她的房子已经反映出来了
25、，一切都趣味高雅，井井有条。（2019江苏卷）A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting mans intelligence and creativity. 城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。（2018天津卷）However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. The light makes that region brighter. 然而，有少量的光被海洋反射。光线使那个区域更亮。（2015广东卷）I learned that a f
26、ish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. 我了解到鱼是冷血动物，因此对水温非常敏感。14. capable /kepbl/ adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的（45）【原句背诵】One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before.【拓展】be capable of.有能力capability n. 才能，能力；容量The kitchen is capabl
27、e of catering for several hundred people. 这间厨房可为数百人提供饮食。Human beings differ from animals in that the former is capable of using language. 人类与动物的不同在于前者能够使用语言。【链接高考】（2016江苏卷）Students who are successful in an on-line course are usually capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner
28、. 在网络课程上取得成功的学生通常能够以负责任和诚实的态度独立工作。15. awaken /wekn/ vt. & vi.唤起，被唤起；（使）醒来（45）【原句背诵】Its attraction lies more in what it awakens in us than what it says.The aim of the tour was to awaken an interest in and an understanding of foreign cultures. 此次旅行旨在唤起我们对外国文化的兴趣和理解。He was awakened at dawn by the sound
29、 of crying. 黎明时他被哭喊声吵醒。16. launch /lnt/ vt.使（船）下水；开始从事，发动（45）【原句背诵】“Was this the face that launched a thousand ships?” he opens a door through which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism.【拓展】to launch an appeal/an inquiry/an investigation /a campaign 开始进行上诉质询调查一场运动t
30、o launch an attack/invasion 发起攻击；发动侵略 launch the new products发行新产品launch into sth/launch yourself into sth开始投入.The Navy is to launch a new warship today. 海军今天有一艘新军舰要下水。The new model will be launched in July. 新产品将在七月推出。China has successfully launched a space probe to explore the Mars. 中国成功地发射探索火星的航天探
31、测器。The police have launched an investigation into the incident. 警察已经开始对此事件进行调查。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）Today his hobby has evolved into the website P, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he launched it 10 years ago.如今，他的这个爱好已经发展成了 P 这个社交网站。自从 10年前他创建
32、这个网站以来，已经有来自 214 个国家和地区的 575,217 名注册用户。（2020天津卷）If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. 如果你想拥有自己的事业，当地的图书馆可以成为它的启动地点。17. permanence /pmnns/ n.永久，持久性（45）【原句背诵】The third quality of literature, coming out of the other two, is its permanence. 【拓展】
33、permanent adj. 永久的，持久的；永恒的 ever-lasting adj. 永久的，经久不变的 eternal adj. 不朽的，永久的perpetual adj. 不间断的，持续的The spoken word is immediate but lacks permanence. 口头之言便捷，但缺乏持久性。Much of the worlds great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and availability. 世界上许多著名的建筑都是用石头建
34、造的，因为它美观、持久而且实用。【链接高考】（2020全国卷II）The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. 令人印象深刻的永久收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家。18. contain /knten/ vt.包含，含有，容纳（45）19. element /elmnt/ n.要素，基本部分（45）20. univ
35、ersal /junvsl/ adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的（45）【原句背诵】To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style.【拓展】container n. 容器；集装箱elementary adj. 基本的；初级的；元素的universe n. 宇宙；世界；领域【熟词生义】contain: 抑制；控制（感情等）；克制She was unable to contain her excitement. 她无法抑制内心的激动。This drink doesnt co
36、ntain any alcohol. 这种饮料不含任何酒精。The first two floors of the building contain retail space and a restaurant. 大楼最底下两层有零售市场和一家餐馆。Customer relations is an important element of the job. 与客户的关系是这个工作的重要部分。Physical fitness has now become an important element in our lives. 身体健康现已成为我们生活中的重要元素。Smiling is apparen
37、tly a universal sign of friendliness and approval. 微笑显然是友好和认可的普遍标志。【链接高考】（2018天津卷）A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. 创造力的一个关键要素是将现有的知识应用到新问题上。（2015天津卷）He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had: Be bold an
38、d brave and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid. 他看了我一会儿，然后写了一句话，里面有最好的建议：大胆和勇敢强大的力量会来帮助你。（2013天津卷）you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office 你也可以使用图书馆电脑，其中包含最常用的应用程序，如Microsoft Office21. summary /smri/ n.总结，概括，概要（45）22. in s
39、ummary总的来说（45）【拓展】summarize vt. & vi. 总结；概述【原句背诵】In summary, literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of mans thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul. What follows is a brief summary of the process. 接下来是对该过程的一个简短总结。In summary, it is my op
40、inion that this complete treatment process was very successful. 总之，我认为整个治疗过程是非常成功的。The results of the research are summarized at the end of the chapter. 在这一章末尾对研究结果作了总结。23. feature /fit(r)/ n.特色，特征 vt.以为特色，是的特征（47）24. author n.作者，作家（47）25. therefore adv.因此，所以（47）26. issue n.重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；（报刊）一期 v
41、t.宣布，公布（47）【原句背诵】One important feature of classic literature is that it often (1) reflects an authors own experiences and can therefore help us understand the important issues of his or her time. 【拓展】feature sb/sth (as sb/sth) 以为特色；由主演；以为主要组成feature in sth 起重要作用；占重要地位Olive oil and garlic feature pro
42、minently in his recipes. 橄榄油和大蒜在他的食谱中显得很重要。Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme. 团队合作是这项训练计划的重点。An interesting feature of the city is the old market. 这座城市的一个有趣特征就是古老的市场。The hour-long programme will be updated each week and feature highlights from recent games. 这个一小时的节目将每周更新，重点介绍近期比赛的精
43、彩部分。Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. 我们的杂志特别关注名人和快乐家庭。Muscle cells need lots of fuel and therefore burn lots of calories. 肌肉细胞需要很多“燃料”，并因此燃烧大量卡路里。She usually writes about environmental issues. 她通常写环境方面的题材。The police have issued an appeal for witnesses. 警
44、方发出了寻找目击证人的呼吁。【链接高考】（2020全国卷I）Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 发光植物可以缩短这段距离，因此有助于节约能源。（2015重庆卷）He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could c
45、ontinue to exist over centuries. 他注意到，两千年后，荷马仍然受到人们的尊敬。他认为，这类作品反映了人性深刻而不变的特征，可以延续几个世纪。（2013江苏卷）One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. 侏罗纪海洋的特征之一是大量的大鲨鱼和鳄鱼，这两种动物都喜欢吃鱼龙的午餐。27. novel /nvl/ n.（长篇）小说（47）【原句背诵
46、】Cao Xueqins A Dream of Red Mansions, one of the most (3) significant novels in Chinese literature, is a good example of this. 【拓展】to write/publish/read a novel 创作发表阅读长篇小说detective/historical/romantic novels 侦探历史言情小说the novels of Jane Austen 简奥斯汀的小说novelist n. 小说家【熟词生义】novel adj. 新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇的a nove
47、l feature 新特征novel coronavirus新型冠状病毒novel coronavirus 2019新型冠状病毒2019Protesters found a novel way of demonstrating against steeply rising oil prices. 抗议者们找到一种新奇的示威方式来反对石油价格的飙升。28. draw on 凭借，利用（47）【原句背诵】No doubt drawing on his own experiences, Cao Xueqin gives a detailed (4) description of what life was like at that time. He drew on his experience as a pilot to make a documentary programme. 他利用当过飞行员的经历来制作纪录片。To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucia
