1、牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性 必修四Unit 3 Careers and skills1. salary /slri/ n. 薪金，薪水（30）【原句背诵】If you were asked the question, “Do you work to live or live to work?” what would your answer be? Some might say that we work because we have to, not least because we need the salary that enables us to be financially indepe
2、ndent. 【联想拓展】an annual salary of $40 000 4万美元的年薪a 9% salary increase/rasie 加薪9%monthly salary 月薪gross salary 工资总额salaryman n. 上班族salary cap 工资上限【经典例句】I got a fantastic new job and my salary tripled. 我得到了一份极好的新工作，我的薪水是原来的三倍。As a top lawyer, he can expect to command a six-figure salary. 作为首屈一指的律师，他可望拿
3、到六位数的薪资。The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。2. labour /leb(r)/ n. 劳动，（尤指）体力劳动；分娩期，分娩 vi. 努力做；干苦力活（30） labour force（全公司或全国的）劳动力（30）【原句背诵】It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force once our studies are completed. 【联想拓展】labor=
4、labour labour force n. 劳动力manual labour (= work using your hands) 体力劳动a shortage of labour 劳动力的短缺 labourer n. 劳动者；劳工Labour（abbr. Lab）英国工党labour for v. 努力争取【经典例句】We have a problem of skilled labour. 我们缺少熟练工。Repairs involve skilled labour , which can be expensive. 修理需要熟练技工，人工费会很昂贵。The company wants to
5、 keep down labour costs . 公司想保持低劳动成本。Scientists laboured for months to unravel the mysteries of Neptune and still remain baffled（迷惑）. 科学家们为揭开海王星之谜艰难地工作了数月，但依然迷惑不解。【链接高考】（2015四川卷）Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they
6、 were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as $ 172,000 a year. 母亲们很早就知道，她们的家庭工作量和有偿工作一样沉重。 现在，新的研究表明，如果他们为父母的劳动支付报酬，他们每年将赚取多达17.2万美元。 3. *gear /(r)/ vt. 使适用于 n. 排挡；齿轮；传动装置（30）【原句背诵】Indeed, it could be argued that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work.【联
7、想拓展】gear sth to/towards (doing) sth 使与相适应；使适合于gear up (for/to sth)/gear sb/sth up (for/to sth)（使）为作好准备reverse gear 倒挡low/high gear 低速高速挡to change/shift gear 换挡【经典例句】The course had been geared towards the specific needs of its members. 课程已作调整，以满足学员的特别需要。My training was geared toward winning gold. 我的训
8、练是为赢得金牌去规划的。Careless use of the clutch（离合器）may damage the gears. 离合器使用不当可能会损坏传动装置。4. earn a living 谋生（30）【原句背诵】However, earning a living is by no means the only reason why we workthere are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work. 【联想拓展】earn a fortune 赚大钱earn a good mark 得
9、到赞扬earn an income 赚取收入make a living 谋生；维持生活【经典例句】First you should consider how to equip yourself to earn a living. 首先你应该考虑如何让自己有能力谋生。School leavers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living. 毕业生面临着十分激烈的竞争，以至于只要能以谋生，他们就很少关心做什么工作。5. attain /ten/ vt.
10、达到；获得（30）【原句背诵】Through the work we do, our goals can be attained and our dreams achieved. 【联想拓展】attainment n. 达到，获得；成就，造诣attainable adj. 可得到的；可达到的；可到达的unattainable adj. 做不到的；难到达的【经典例句】Are you courageous enough to attain that goal that you set? 你有足够的胆量来实现你所制定的目标吗？Students with high hope set themselve
11、s higher goals and know how to work to attain them. 被寄予厚望的学生为自己设定更高的目标，并知道如何努力实现这些目标。The gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy. 这种气体可以在压力下储存，以恢复能量。6. *endeavor /ndev/ vi. 努力，尽力 n. 努力，尝试（30）【原句背诵】Henry David Thoreau said, “if one advances confidently in the direction of hi
12、s dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.”【联想拓展】endeavor=endeadourmake an endeavor to do sth尽力做某事advances in the field of scientific endeavour 在科学探索领域的进步endeavour for 尽力endeavour to perfect ones skill 努力钻研技术【经典例句】Please ma
13、ke every endeavour to arrive on time. 请尽全力按时到达。The manager is expected to use his or her best endeavours to promote the artists career. 经纪人应以最大的努力来推动其演艺人的事业发展。I will endeavour to do my best for my country. 我将竭尽全力报效祖国。7. passion /p()n/ n. 强烈感情；酷爱（30）【原句背诵】Yang Liwei, for example, driven by his passio
14、n for flying, became a pilot and then Chinas first astronaut in space. 【联想拓展】have a passion for 对有强烈的爱好passionate adj. 热诚的，狂热的；热恋的，情意绵绵的；易怒的passionately adv. 热情地；强烈地；激昂地【经典例句】The chemist says she always has a passion for science. 这位化学家说她对科学一直很有热情。He has developed a consuming passion for chess. 他对国际象
15、棋已经产生了浓厚的兴趣。Music is a passion with him. 他对音乐情有独钟。【链接高考】（2019江苏卷）Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family. 音乐是他真正的激情所在，尽管他从未在家庭之外表演过。（2017全国卷I）Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math
16、and technology.自1962年以来，太平洋科学中心一直激发着人们对科学、数学和技术的探索和终身学习的热情。8. fond /fnd/ adj. 喜爱（30） be fond of 喜爱（30）【原句背诵】Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be, work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of, and consequently, it can give us a great sens
17、e of achievement and satisfaction. 【联想拓展】fondness n. 爱好；溺爱fondly adv. 天真地；怜爱地；温柔地【经典例句】I used to live in York and Im still fond of the place. 我曾住在约克郡，现在仍然喜欢那里。Ive always been fond of poetry and one piece has always stuck in my mind. 我一直喜欢诗歌，有一首诗一直被我铭记于心。【链接高考】（2013江苏卷）One of the features of Jurassic
18、 oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.侏罗纪海洋的特征之一是有大量的大型鲨鱼和鳄鱼，它们都喜欢吃鱼龙的午餐。 9. anticipate /ntspet/ vt. 预计（并做准备）；预料（31）【原句背诵】Twenty years ago, positions in social technologies or energy efficiency did not even exist, and it is difficult
19、to anticipate the new positions which will emerge twenty years from now. 【联想拓展】anticipate doing sth/anticipate sth doing sth 期盼；期望anticipation n. 预期，预料；期盼，期望in anticipation of sth期待着；预计到anticipatory adj. 预期的；提早发生的；期待着的【警示误区】anticipate后常接doing (sth) 作宾语，一般不能接to do (sth)。使用时要注意！They anticipate moving
20、to bigger premises（场所）by the end of the year. 他们预期年底前迁入较大的经营场址。【经典例句】There are some things in life we just cant anticipate. 生活中有些事使我们无法预料的。We anticipate that additional funding will be required. 我们预期，更多的救援资金将是必不可少的。Try and anticipate what the interviewers will ask. 尽量设想面试主持者会提出什么问题。Imagination is a
21、faculty（能力）that some people use to anticipate future events in their lives. 想象力是一些人用来预测生活中未来事件的能力。10. *status quo /stets kw/ n. 现状，原来的状况（31）【原句背诵】However, it is certain that no one can afford to be satisfied with the status quo.11. superior /supri(r)/ adj. 好的，占优势的 n. 级别（或地位、职位）更高的人（31）12. prejudice
22、/preduds/ n. 偏见，成见（31）【原句背诵】In a successful, stable and productive society, all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another, so we should not have prejudice against any of them.【联想拓展】be superior to sb/sth（在品质上）更好的；占优势；更胜一筹be superior (to sb) （在级别、重要性或职位上）更高的be superior in 在方面优越super
23、ior intelligence 更强的智力superiorly adv. 超越其他地；卓越地superiority n. 优越，优势；优越感，骄傲自大prejudice (against sb/sth) 偏见；成见without prejudice 无偏见racial prejudice 种族偏见Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见prejudiced adj. 怀偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的【反义词】superior的反义词是inferior adj. 较差的；低等的，下级的【警示误区】在be superior to中，介词to一般不用than替换。类似用法be inferior
24、 to, be senior to, be junior to等。【经典例句】This model is technically superior to its competitors. 这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。 We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends. 我们之间的关系远比我们许多朋友之间的关系好得多。There is widespread prejudice against workers over 45. 对年龄超过45岁的工人有普遍的偏见。I must admit
25、to a prejudice in favour of British universities. 我得承认我对英国大学有所偏爱。 There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice long before the two countries went to war. 早在两国交战之前就有了根深蒂固的种族偏见。The report was held back for fear of prejudicing his trial. 因为担心会使他的审判带有偏见，该报告没有公开。【链接高考】（2021天津卷）The doctor who is also a poet a
26、nd philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. 诗人兼哲学家的医生是一个优秀的医生，他能给病人的不仅仅是良好的医疗技能。（2014山东卷）She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superio
27、r or equal. 她生下来就是奴隶，而且当了将近三十年的奴隶。 她既不会读也不会写，然而在她自己的圈子里，却没有人比她强，也没有人比得上她。 （2015广东卷）This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice. 这表明英国人对口音的态度根深蒂固，是基于阶级偏见的。 13. lawyer /l(r)/ n. 律师（31）14. servant /svnt/ n. 雇员，职员；仆人（31） public servant 公务员，公职人员（31
28、）15. consultant /knsltnt/ n. 顾问；会诊医师（31）16. clerk /klk/ n. 职员，簿记员，文书 vi. 当职员（或文书、书记员） （31）17. receptionist /rsepnst/ n. 接待员（31）18. respective /rspektv/ adj. 分别的，各自的（31）【原句背诵】Whether we are scientists, lawyers, doctors, public servants, consultants, clerks, receptionists or butchers, we all make our
29、respective contributions.【联想拓展】law n.法律（体系）；法令，法规；规律，法则 consult v. 咨询，请教；商讨；当顾问reception n. 接待处，服务台；欢迎会，招待会the respective roles of men and women in society 男女在社会中各自的角色respectively adv. 分别地，依次地【经典例句】She is a consultant to the government. 她是政府顾问。Have you consulted your lawyer about this? 你就此事咨询过你的律师吗？
30、 They are each recognized specialists in their respective fields. 他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。Steve and I were at very different stages in our respective careers. 史蒂夫和我处在各自事业的迥然不同的阶段。【链接高考】（2019北京卷）At this years I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human sound
31、ing voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection. 在今年的I/O大会(I/O Conference)上，一家公司展示了一种新的语音技术，这种技术能够产生令人信服的人声，以至于它能够与接待员交谈并在不被发现的情况下预订房间。 19. zone /zn/ n. 地区；区域（31） comfort zone 舒适区，放松区（31）【原句背诵】Moreover, there are people who choose to step out of their c
32、omfort zone and commit themselves to working for the benefit of others.【联想拓展】development zone 开发区economic zone 经济特区；经济圈；经济地带industrial zone 工业区economic development zone 经济开发区special economic zone (sez) 经济特区a war/security/demilitarized, etc. zone 交战区、安全区、非军事区等an earthquake/danger, etc. zone 地震带、危险地带等
33、a pedestrian zone (= where vehicles may not go) 步行区【经典例句】What prevents us from getting out of our comfort zone? 是什么阻止了我们从舒适的小窝里走出来？20. operate /pret/ vt. 操作，使运行 vi. 运转，工作（33）【原句背诵】Besides, more importance will be attached to “soft skills”. Currently, a heavy focus is put on training in “hard skills”
34、, such as machine operating and software programming. 【联想拓展】operation n. 运作，实施；运转，操作；手术；（有组织的）活动，行动operator n. （设备、机器的）操作员；经营者；精明圆滑的人，善于取巧的人operating adj. （机器、车辆、装置等）操作的，运作的；（企业、部门等）经营的，管理的【熟词生义】operate作“动手术”时，常用operate (on sb) (for sth) 。In March 2020, surgeons operated on Max for a brain aneurysm（
35、动脉瘤）. 2020年3月，外科医生们为马克斯做了脑部动脉瘤手术。【经典例句】What skills are needed to operate this machinery? 操作这种机器需要什么技能？Solar panels can only operate in sunlight. 太阳能电池板只能在日光下起作用。【链接高考】（2015湖北卷）Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and reci
36、pes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats on their plate. 洛奥是食物保存大师、园丁和罐头专家。 她还经营着一个网站，在那里她分享自己的秘诀和食谱，目的是证明每个人都有能力控制自己盘子里的食物。（2014江西卷）ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the worlds only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS是一家国际非盈利组
37、织，运营着世界上唯一的飞行教学眼科医院。 21. hire /ha(r)/ vt.&vi. 聘用，雇用；租用 n. 新雇员；租借（33）22. leadership /lidp/ n. 领导应有的品质；领导地位（33）【原句背诵】However, in the future, employers will look to hire people who are ready and able to learn. As a result, employees will need to (5) attain excellent soft skills such communication, coop
38、eration and leadership. 【联想拓展】to hire a car/room/video 租汽车房间录像带to hire a lawyer 聘请律师hire sth out 出租某物hire yourself out (to sb) 为（某人）工作；受聘于；受雇于for hire/rent 供出租 on hire/rent 出租的；雇用bicycles for hire, 2 an hour 自行车出租，每小时2英镑leadership qualities/skills 领导的素质技巧leadership team 领导团队under ones leadership/und
39、er the leadership of 在的领导下【同义词】hire的同义词可以用employ, rent等。【反义词】hire的反义词可以用fire, dismiss等。【经典例句】Jessica was hired three years ago. 杰西卡是三年前录用的。They hired a firm of consultants to design the new system. 他们请了一家咨询公司来设计新的系统。 Sixteen of the contestants have hired lawyers and are suing（控诉） the organizers. 参赛者
40、中有16人已经聘了律师，正在起诉主办方。Helmets will be available for hire at all Zhangjiakou Resort ski areas. 在张家口假村的所有滑雪场里都有头盔供出租。Strong leadership is needed to captain the team. 担任这个队的队长需要强有力的领导才能。 The party thrived（兴旺，繁荣）under his leadership . 这个党在他的领导下兴旺起来。【链接高考】（2020山东卷）Before the film began, each woman was aske
41、d to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.电影开始前，每个妇女都被要求吃一份点心。 研究人员雇佣的一名演员先抢了她的食物。 （2018北京卷）With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.在所有的项目中，团队合作是关键，因为受训人员了解到领导能力和参与更大任务的重要性。 23.
42、 weigh up 权衡，斟酌（34）【原句背诵】You may have a brilliant idea, but before you decide to put it into action, it is wise to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of this option. 【联想拓展】weigh on sb/sth加重的思想负担；使焦虑不安；使担忧weigh up 权衡；估量；称weigh in 加入比赛；比赛前量体重；参加辩论weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡weigh out v. 称出weigh
43、ones words 推敲；斟酌字句【经典例句】She weighed up all the evidence. 她慎重地考虑了所有的证据。I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved. 我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。 I think that whatever problems Brazils facing nowthe same will be true for any countryyou have to weigh up the pros and cons. 我认为，不管巴西现在面临什么问题对任何国
44、家来说都是如此你都必须权衡利弊。24. receipt /rsit/ n. 收到的款项，收入；收据（34）【原句背诵】For example, you should learn to sharpen your leadership skills and motivate your employees, or to develop your financial management skills and keep track of all your receipts and payments.【联想拓展】to make out (= write) a receipt 写收据net/gross r
45、eceipts 净收入；总收入on receipt of 在收到后in receipt of 已收到【经典例句】I wrote her a receipt for the money. 我为那笔钱给她开了张收据。He was tallying（理货；计数）the days receipts. 他正在结算当天的收入。The goods will be dispatched（发送）on receipt of an order form. 订单一到即发货。25. commercial /kml/ adj. 商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的（24）【原句背诵】Another advantage is
46、that you will be able to better provide for yourself and your family, or even the economy will benefit if you achieve commercial success. 【联想拓展】the commercial heart of the city 城市的商业中心commercially adv. 商业上；通商上commerce n. 贸易，商业commercialize v. 使商业化；使商品化commercialization n. 商品化，商业化【经典例句】Theres a feeli
47、ng among a lot of people that music has become too commercial. 许多人都感到音乐已变得太商业化了。The company has indeed become more commercial over the past decade. 这个公司在过去的十年里确实已变得越来越商业化了。Conservationists in Chile are concerned over the effect of commercial exploitation of forests. 智利的自然保护者对森林商业化开发的后果感到担忧。【链接高考】（20
48、20天津卷）For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Lets say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. 对于那些渴望和平和安静的人来说，声音现在可以创造安静。 假设你在机场，你旁边的座位上的小男孩哼着一首简短的商业歌曲。 （2018北京卷）The team left 100 wax worms on a
49、commercial polyethylene（聚乙烯）shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. 研究小组将100只蜡虫放在一个商用聚乙烯购物袋上12小时，这些蠕虫消耗并分解了约92毫克购物袋，约占其中的3%。 26. weekly /wikli/ adj. 每周的 adv. 按周地 n. 周报，周刊（34）27. monthly /mnli/ adj. 每月的 adv. 按月地 n. 月刊（34）28. budget /bd
50、t/ n. 预算（34）29. puton the line 让处于危险之中（34）【原句背诵】For instance, you will have to work out weekly, monthly and yearly budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal and put other peoples jobs on the line.【联想拓展】weekly magazine 周刊weekly report 周报，每周报告entertainment weekly 娱乐周刊；娱乐周报；每周娱乐
