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牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性必修一Unit 1 Food matters1. mood /mud/ n. 情绪,心情;气氛,氛围(2)2. combination /kmbnen/ n. 结合体,联合体;联合,混合(2)【原句背诵】Whenever I feel lonely, I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice, milk and sugar, cooked low and slow. No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 【联想拓展】in a good mood 心情好,好心情in a bad mood 心情不好;处在不好的情绪中in the/no mood for adj. (没)有情绪去做moody adj. dj. 情绪不好的,脾气坏的;喜怒无常的,情绪多变的in combination with 与结合,与联合combine v. (使)结合,组合;(使)化合;合并 n. 联盟,联合体;联合收割机 combine A and/with B 组合,联合;融合;同时做【经典例句】Shes in a good mood today (= happy and friendly) . 她今天心情很好。He was in no mood for being polite to visitors. 他当时没心思以礼待客。The movie captures the mood of the interwar years perfectly. 这部电影恰如其分地捕捉到了两次世界大战中间那些年的氛围。 His treatment was a combination of surgery, radiation and drugs. 对他的治疗是把手术、放射和药物治疗结合为一体。 What an unusual combination of flavours! 多么与众不同的混合风味啊! The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. 这家公司与几家海外合伙人在联合开发新产品。Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. 氢与氧化合成水。 Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. 氢与氧化合成水。They have successfully combined the old with the new in this room. 他们在这个房间里成功地把古老和现代的风格融为一体。 You should try to combine exercise with a healthy diet. 你应该把锻炼和健康饮食结合起来。 【链接高考】(2012湖北卷)In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problem-solving work? 在这种心情下,谁能认真工作,特别是一些创造性的、独创的解决问题的工作? (2019全国卷III)After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination. 在进行了数百次测试后,研究人员注意到,猴子有超过一半的时间会选择更高的值,这表明它们是在进行计算,而不仅仅是记住每个组合的值。 (2018江苏卷)But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business. 但现在,有了更好的价格和更新鲜的产品,他们可以继续经营下去。 3.dothetrick奏效,起作用,达到目的 (2)4.creamy/krimi/adj.含奶油的;像奶油的,光滑细腻的;淡黄色的 (2)5.flavour/flev(r)/(AmEflavor)n.味,味道;特点,特色 vt.给调味, 加味于 (2)【原句背诵】Sometimesthesmellalonecandothetrick,nottomentionthelovelycreamyflavour,whichworkslikeatimemachineimmediatelytransportingmebacktomysunnychildhood.【经典例句】Deliciousomeletsmadetoorder,freshfruitandchilledwhitewinewouldcertainlydothetrick.美味的煎蛋卷,新鲜的水果和冷冻的白酒就能取得良好的效果。Thesepillsshoulddothetrick.Youllfeelmuchbetterinnotime.这些药应该管用,很快你就会觉得好多了.Thisyoghurthasadeliciouslycreamyflavour.这种酸奶有可口的奶油味道。Thisyogurtcomesintendifferentflavours.这种酸奶有十种不同的味道。LimepreservedinsaltisaNorthAfricanspecialitywhichisusedtoflavourchickendishes.用盐腌的酸橙是用来给鸡肉调味的一种北非特产。 6.greedily/ridli/adv.贪婪地,贪心地 (2)【原句背诵】Withpleasure,IrememberthelazySundayafternoonsIusedtospendinthewarmthofmygrandmasflat,listeningtoherwonderfulstoriesandgreedilyeatingbowlafterbowlofherdeliciousricepudding.【联想拓展】greedn.贪婪,贪欲;贪食,贪吃greedyadj.贪婪的,贪心的;贪吃的,嘴馋的;渴望的【经典例句】Laurieatethepastriesgreedilyandwithhugeenjoyment.劳里十分快乐而贪婪地吃着那些糕点。Sheatoncemadeherselfasaladofit,andateitgreedily.她立刻给自己做了一份沙拉,狼吞虎咽地吃了起来。Nothingwouldsatisfyhergreedforpower.她对权力贪得无厌。 Ihadanotherhelpingoficecreamoutofpuregreed.我纯粹是因为嘴馋贪吃,又吃了一份冰激凌。Theshareholdersaregreedyforprofit.股东们都利欲熏心。Hestaredatthediamondswithgreedyeyes.他眼巴巴地盯着这些钻石。7.gently/dentli/adv.轻柔地,温和地 (2)8.dessert/dzt/n.(饭后)甜点,甜食 (2)【原句背诵】Itakemytimeovereveryspoonful,gentlyrollingthesilkydessertaroundmymouthandenjoyingtheperfectmarriageofriceandmilk.BeforeIknowit,Imhappyagain.【联想拓展】gentleadj.文静的,温柔的;轻柔的;平缓的gentlenessn.温顺;亲切;高贵;彬彬有礼【警示误区1】注意从gentle到gently的词形变化!【警示误区2】注意dessert和desert的区别!【经典例句】Sheheldthebirdgentlyincuppedhands.她双手轻轻地捧着那只小鸟。Shehadhomemadeicecreamfordessert.她吃了些自制冰淇淋当餐后甜点。【链接高考】(2019江苏卷)Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.史蒂夫走到钢琴前,坐在长凳上,双手颤抖着,轻轻地把手指放在琴键上。 (2018全国卷II)Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.如果你有一台榨汁机,你可以简单地放入冷冻香蕉和一些浆果或切片水果。 一道“软质”奶油甜点端上来,马上就可以吃。 (2018天津卷)Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.在另一家餐厅,所有的菜肴和甜点都是3d打印的,而不是从农场送到餐桌上。 9.association/ssien;sien/n.联想,联系;协会,社团;联合,交往(2)【原句背诵】Inthisarticle,wewilltalkaboutaparticulartypeofcomfortfoodwhosepowermainlyliesintheassociationsitcallstomind.【联想拓展】inassociationwith与相联系;与联合theFootballAssociation足球协会aresidentsassociation居民联合会associatev.联想,联系;支持,同意;交往 n.同事,伙伴;副职,副手;联想 adj.副的,准的,联合的,有关连的associatesb/sth(withsb/sth)联想;联系associativeadj.联想的;联合的;组合的associatorn.会员;社员;伙伴【经典例句】TheyhavemaintainedacloseassociationwithacollegeinGermany.他们和德国一所学院保持了密切联系。 Thebookwaspublishedinassociationwith(=togetherwith)BritishHeritage.这本书是与英国传统出版社联合出版的。Shebecamefamousthroughherassociationwiththegroupofpoets.她通过与这些诗人交往而成名。 Theseasidehadallsortsofpleasantassociationswithchildhoodholidaysforme.海滨使我联想起童年假期的各种愉快情景。【链接高考】(2019北京卷)Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).想要探索新的文化,认识新的人,同时做一些有意义的事情?你可以通过全球发展协会(GDA)做到这三件事。 (2014上海卷)ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeoplesassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeopleandadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.巴塞罗那大学的研究人员给了人们一份名为“内隐联想测试”(ImplicitAssociationTest)的问卷,用来衡量人们在诸如“好”(good)、“坏”(bad)、“运动的”(athletic)或“笨拙的”(awkward)等形容词之间的联想强度。 10.vary/veri/vi.(根据情况)变化,变更;相异,不同 vt.变更,改变 (2)【原句背诵】Ourcomfortfoodsarehighlyindividual.Theyvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonourownuniqueexperiencesthathaveshapedourlives.【联想拓展】vary(insth)(大小、形状等)相异,不同,有别vary(withsth)/vary(fromsthtosth)/vary(betweenAandB)(根据情况)变化,变更,改变variedadj.各种各样的,形形色色的;多变的;杂色的variousadj.各种各样的;迥异的,千差万别的variableadj.易变的,多变的;时好时坏的;可变的,可调节的variationn.变化,变动;变奏曲;变化,变异varietyn.多样化,变化;种类,品种;(人或物的)各式各样;综艺表演,杂耍表演【警示误区】vary的现在分词是varying;其过去式和过去分词分别是varied,varied。【反义词】varying的反义词是unvaryingadj.恒久的,不变的【经典例句】Astheproductsarehandmade,eachonevariesslightly.由于产品是手工制作的,每一件都会略有不同。Pricesvaryaccordingtothetypeofroomyourequire.价格随所要求的户型而有所变化。 Childrenvaryconsiderablyintherateatwhichtheylearntheselessons.孩子们学习这些课的速度差别相当大。Thetextvariesfromtheearlierversions.这一文本有别于那些早期的版本。Newtechniqueswereintroducedwithvaryingdegreesofsuccess.引进新技术的成功程度不尽相同。【链接高考】(2016浙江卷)Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.八卦的影响因场合而异。 (2020天津卷)GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.伽利略不仅仅是雄心勃勃,他从比萨斜塔上扔下不同重量的物体,并计算它们落地的时间。 11.link/lk/vt.联系,相关联;把连接起来 n.联系,连接;关系,纽带;链接 (3)12.emotion/mn/n.情感,强烈的感情,激情,情绪 (3)【原句背诵】Ifwegrowupeatingcertainfoodsinourfamily,thenthosefoodstendtobelinkedwithpositiveemotions.【联想拓展】linkup会合;连接;联系linkwith与有关;与相连接linkupwith与连接起来belinkedto与连接;与有关联/联系alink(betweenAandB)/(withsth)联系;连接;关系;纽带emotionaladj.情感的,情绪的;激动人心的,有感染力的emotionallyadv.感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地emotionalintelligence情绪智力;情商;情绪智商【经典例句】Thereisevidenceforastrongcausallinkbetweenexposuretosunandskincancer.证据表明太阳曝晒与皮肤癌之间有紧密因果关系。Socialcustomsprovideavitallinkbetweengenerations.社会风俗在代与代之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。TheChannelTunnellinksBritainwiththerestofEurope.英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来了。 Whencomputersarenetworked,theyarelinkedtogethersothatinformationcanbetransferredbetweenthem.计算机联网连接,彼此可互传信息。Detectiveshavelinkedthebreak-intoasimilarcrimeinthearealastyear.侦探认为这起入室盗窃案与去年此地区一类似案件有关。Whatarethepossiblelinksbetweenfacialexpressionsandemotion?面部表情和情绪之间可能存在哪些联系?Helostcontrolofhisemotions.他情绪失去了控制。Theyexpressedmixedemotionsatthenews.他们对这个消息表现出复杂的感情。Laughterisoneofthemostinfectiousexpressionsofemotion.笑是最具感染力的感情表达方式之一。Thedecisionwasbasedonemotionratherthanrationalthought.这个决定不是基于理性的思考而是基于感情作出的。【链接高考】(2019天津卷)Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.例如,大多数食物网是由许多薄弱环节组成,而不是由几个强环节组成。 当一个捕食者总是吃掉大量的单一猎物时,这两个物种之间的联系就很紧密;当一个捕食者捕食不同的物种时,它们之间的联系就很弱。 (2016江苏卷)Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNinosharmfuleffectsandthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.根据MrHsiang和他的合著者在2011年的一篇论文,国内冲突与厄尔尼诺的有害影响有关而且国家越穷,这种联系越强。 (2021新高考I卷)Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.这种普及的最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感的新强调,这是非常必要的。情商的普及帮助公众和研究人员重新评估情绪的功能,以及它们如何在日常生活中适应地为人们服务。 13.saucer/ss(r)/n.碟状物,茶碟,茶托(3)14.*vinegar/vn(r)/n.醋(3)15.native/netv/n.出生于某国(或某地)的人;本地人adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的;土产的 (3)16.salty/slti/adj.咸的,含盐的(3)17.sour/sa(r)/adj.酸的,有酸味的;馊的 vi.&vt.(使)变坏;变味,酸腐(3)【原句背诵】Itishardesttogiveupthefoodthatyougrowupwith.Ofcourse,eachpersonscomfortfoodlargelydependsonwheretheycomefromforaChineseitmightbeaplateofdumplingswithasaucerofvinegar,andforanativeoftheUKitmightbetheclassicfishandchips,servedhot,saltyandsour.【联想拓展】aflyingsaucer飞碟onesnativeland/country/city你的故乡祖国故里nativepeoples土著民族nativeart土著艺术benativeto原产于某地的;土产的;当地的anativeof本地人;当地人saltn.盐,食盐 vt.给(食物)加盐调味;用盐腌制(食物)thesaltoftheearth社会精英;高尚的人【经典例句】Youcanalwaystellthedifferencebetweenthetouristsandthenatives.游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。JessicaspeaksItalianlikeanative.杰西卡的意大利语说得和意大利人一样。ThekangarooisanativeofAustralia.袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物。Itwashisfirstvisittohisnativecountrysince1948.这是1948年以来他首次访问祖国。Shespokenotonlyhernativelanguage,Swedish,butalsoEnglishandFrench.她不仅讲她的母语瑞典语,还讲英语和法语。ThetigerisnativetoIndia.这种虎产于印度。 Hesaidhedidntwantthejobanyway,butthatsjustsourgrapes.他说反正他并不想干这份工作,这不过是吃不着葡萄就说葡萄酸而已。 【链接高考】(2021新高考卷I)WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时,天空和陆地上生活着数量众多的各种各样的野生动物。 印第安人合理地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。 (2017浙江卷)Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).一些移民倡导者担心,由于经济困难,当地人很难保住工作,这样的措施将更像是一种不宽容的工具,而不是融合。 (2016全国新课标卷I)AsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway.作为德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔的第三代本地人,米尔德里德加尔扎(MildredGarza)从来都不愿意离开这里。 18.cryoutfor迫切需要(3)19.relieve/rliv/vt.解除,减轻;缓和,缓解 (3)【原句背诵】Onemouthfulofcomfortfoodtakesusbacktoourculturalroots,givingusthe“tasteofhome”thatwecryoutforandrelievingfeelingsofhomesickness.【联想拓展】cryout(因伤痛、害怕、惊讶等)大叫,叫喊cryforthemoon要天上的月亮;想做做不到的事;想要得不到的东西cry(forsb/sth)/cry(about/oversth)哭;哭泣cryoverspiltmilk(BrE)(USalsocryoverspilledmilk)枉为无可挽回的事忧伤;作于事无补的担忧torelieveanxiety/guilt/stress消除焦虑内疚;缓解压力effortstorelievepoverty缓解贫困的努力torelievetrafficcongestion缓解交通拥堵relievefrom从中解除,减轻relievesbofsth解除;消除;减轻之relievedadj.放心的,宽慰的reliefn.宽慰,轻松;(疼痛或不快的)减轻,缓解【警示误区】注意从relieve到relief的词形变化!【经典例句】Thecompanyiscryingoutforfreshnewtalent.公司急需具有最新理念的人才。Thisisadisgracefulstateofaffairsandcriesoutforathoroughinvestigation.这是一件不光彩的事情,急需进行彻底的调查。Asthesayinggoesitsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.常言道:覆水难收,后悔也于事无补。Drugscanrelievemuchofthepain.药物可以大大缓解疼痛。Beingabletotellthetruthatlastseemedtorelieveher.能够最后讲出真话似乎使她感到轻松。 Weplayedcardstorelievetheboredomofthelongwait.长时间等待实在无聊,我们就打扑克来解闷儿。Theofficerinvolvedwasrelievedofhisdutiesbecausehehadviolatedstrictguidelines.该名军官因违反了严格的准则而被解除了职务。【链接高考】(2019全国卷II)ImsecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowtheresrealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.我暗自松了一口气,因为我知道,在许多人之间分担志愿者的责任是一种真正的力量。 (2019全国卷II)Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.教练可以把精力集中在孩子身上,而其他的父母也可以轻松地度过下一个赛季。 (2016江苏卷)ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.虽然厄尔尼诺带来的暴雨可能会缓解加州的干旱,但它们可能会导致地表洪水和其他灾害。 20.bond/bnd/n.纽带,联系;连接,结合 (3)【原句背诵】Thatscertainlytrueforme.Comfortfoodtastesgoodandbybuildinganemotionalbondwithourhappymemories,alwaysmakesusfeelgood.Itisntjustabowlofnoodlesorchickensoup.Itsfoodforthesoul.【联想拓展】abond(betweenAandB)纽带;联系;关系;契合thespecialbondbetweenmotherandchild母子间的独特关系bond(AandB)(together)/bond(A)toB使牢固结合;把紧紧地连接到bond(withsb增强(与某人的)信任关系;建立(与某人的)互信关系【经典例句】Theexperiencecreatedaveryspecialbondbetweenus.这段经历构成了我们之间一条非常特殊的纽带。Theagreementstrengthenedthebondsbetweenthetwocountries.协议加强了两国间的联系。Theatomsbondtogethertoformamolecule.原子结合形成分子。Motherswhoaredepressedsometimesfailtobondwiththeirchildren.患忧郁症的母亲有时无法和孩子建立亲子关系。 【链接高考】(2020新课标卷I)Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。(2018北京卷)“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains,“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”她解释说:“蜡是一种复杂的混合物,但聚乙烯中的基本键碳碳键也在那里。蜡虫逐渐形成一种方法或系统来破坏这种键。” 21.security/skjrti/n.安全;保护措施;保安部门;担保,保证 (5)【原句背诵】Whenweareinlowspirits,wemaycryoutforthingsthatgiveuscomfortandasenseofsecurity.【联想拓展】socialsecurity社会保险,社会保障publicsecurity公共安全securitysystem安全系统networksecurity网络安全;网络安全性;网络保密forsecurity为了安全nationalsecurity国家安全;民族安全secureadj.稳固的,可靠的;严密把守的,牢固的;安全的,稳妥的 v.(尤指经过努力而)获得,得到;使安全,保护【经典例句】Helovesthesecurityofahappyhomelife.他非常喜欢幸福的家庭生活所来的那种安全感。Theycarriedoutsecuritychecksattheairport.他们在机场实行了安全检查。Theyarenowunderagreatdealofpressuretotightentheirairportsecurity.他们目前承受着加强机场保安措施的巨大压力。Strictsecuritymeasuresareinforceinthecapital.严格的安全措施在首都实施。【链接高考】(2021新高考卷I)ThehostelsinRomeofferabedinadormroomforaround$25anight,andforthat,youlloftengettostayinacentrallocation(位置)withsecurityandcomfort.罗马的青年旅社提供一晚25美元左右的宿舍床位,因此,你通常可以住在一个安全和舒适的中心位置。 (2021全国乙卷)OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatitsnotreallynecessaryandtheyrekeepingitasasecurityblanket19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.在至今仍使用座机的澳大利亚人中,座机并不是必须的,他们将其作为一种安全保障19%的人表示他们从未使用过座机,另有13%的人保留座机以防紧急情况。(2019全国卷I)Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauserstypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.通过分析用户输入的力度和按键之间的时间间隔,键盘可以提供一层强大的安全性。 22.generate/denret/vt.产生,引起 (5)23.calorie/klri/n.卡,卡路里;千卡 (5)【原句背诵】However,thereisanothertypeofcomfortfood,whichgeneratespositiveemotionsinadifferentway.Foodhighincaloriesmayalsomakeusfeelbetter.【联想拓展】togenerateelectricity/heat/power发电;产生热动力togenerateincome/profit产生收益利润generationn.一代(人);一代人的时间;(产品发展的)代;产生generatorn.发电机;产生者;电力公司alow-caloriedrink/diet低热量的饮料饮食【经典例句】Thecompany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoaltogeneratepower.新英格兰电力公司燃烧煤来发电。Thelaboursecretarysaidthereformswouldgeneratenewjobs.劳动部长说这些改革将带来新的工作。Weneedsomeonetogeneratenewideas.我们需要有人出新主意。Theproposalhasgeneratedalotofinterest.这项建议引起众多的关注。Sweeteneddrinkscontainalotofcalories.含糖的饮料热量很高。【链接高考】(2020江苏卷)Hesaidthatoneoftheboxesgeneratedaround$13,500inrevenueamonthandcostonlyabout$400torent.他说,其中一个盒子每个月的收入约为1.35万美元,租金仅为400美元左右。(2018江苏卷)Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.如今,学者们已经对餐厅进行了大量有指导意义的研究。 24.digest/dadest;ddest/vt.&vi.消化;领会,理解 /dadest/n.摘要,文摘(5)【原句背诵】Asdessertslikecakesaredigested,bloodsugarlevelscangoupquickly.Asaresult,wewillbeinabettermoodaftereatingthecomfortfood.【联想拓展】ReadersDigest读者文摘theMiddleEastEcon
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