1、中考语法精讲被动语态 我吃了一个苹果，我吃了一个苹果， 那现在苹果怎样了？那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被苹果被苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句被字句”我们称之为我们称之为被动语态被动语态。 英语中有两种语态：英语中有两种语态：主动语态（主动语态（Active Voice ）被动语态（被动语态（Passive Voice）。一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态Many people speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态主动语态主动语态表示表示主语主语是动作的是动作的 执行者执行者。句子主语句
2、子主语many people是动作是动作speak的执行者，即主语是是谓的执行者，即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。语动词所表示动作的执行者。两种语态两种语态English is spoken by many people.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语被动语态被动语态主语主语English是谓语动词是谓语动词speak所表示的动作的承受者。所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态被动语态表示表示主语主语是动作的是动作的承受者承受者。1. People grow tea in Hangzhou.2. People dont play football here.3. The truck was clean
3、ed yesterday.4. Mr Chen teaches us English.5. The classroom was cleaned.6.The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.activeactivepassivepassiveactivepassive判断下列句子是哪种语态判断下列句子是哪种语态被动语态由助动词被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构构成，时态通过成，时态通过be表现出来。表现出来。二、被动语态的基本构成：二、被动语态的基本构成： be+be+动词的过去分词（动词的过去分词（be+donebe+done) )bebe随
4、着人称，时态和数的变化而变化随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化1）.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are +done We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every day. He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him.2）.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.3）.一般将来时一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done They wil
5、l plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.4）.现在完成时现在完成时has /have +been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 5）.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态 can/may/must/shou
6、ld +be done I can find him. He can be found by me.三、被动语态的用法三、被动语态的用法1. 不知道不知道动作动作的执行者是谁。的执行者是谁。The window was broken last night.Rice is grown in the south of China.Many trees should be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。2. 强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。作的执行者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chinese is
7、 spoken by more and more people in the world.3. 3. 动作不是由人发出的。动作不是由人发出的。许多房屋被冲走了。许多房屋被冲走了。Many houses were washed away by the flood.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法四、主动语态变被动语态的方法We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态 1. Tom broke the window. The window was
8、 broken by Tom. 2.He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. Be要随着主语变要随着主语变逻辑主语逻辑主语by来引来引主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法 （主语）（主语） （宾语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者主动语态：动作的执行者+ +谓语动词的主动形式谓语动词的主动形式+ +动作的承受者动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+ +谓语动词的被动形式谓语动词的被动形式+ +动作的执行者动作的执行者 （主语）（主语） （宾语）（宾语） 说明：说明： （1 1）要将主动句里的宾语变为
9、被动句中的主语，若主动）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。 （2 2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由格，并由byby引导。引导。 （3)3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。Summary：1. 什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？2. 主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样的？主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样的？3. 主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分要
10、变？怎么变？分要变？怎么变？ 语态动词 时态 结构 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 一般过去时 各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在完成时：现在完成时：S+am/is /are +doneS+was/were +doneS+ can/may/must/should + be+ doneS+ will+be+ doneS+ have/has + been+ doneExercise ：1.The key _for locking the classroom door. A. uses B. is
11、 used C. is using D. use2.A new school _over there two years ago. A. built B. was built C. build D. builds3.The lost child _ on October 7,1998. A. was found B. is found C. found D. find4.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall yesterday. A. is given B. give C. was given D. gave BBAC5.Hangzhou_a
12、s the City of Silk.Tourists like shopping for silk there. A. knows B. is known C.was konwn D.will be known6.Emily is glad that she_for her honesty at that meeting. A. prasises B.praised C.is praised D. was praised7.Everybody_deeply after they heard the story.A. moves B.moved C.is moved D. was moved8
13、.The pet dog is warm and loving. It_as a daughter of my family.A.treats B.treated C.is treated D.was treated9.Annie_to the party. She had a wonderful time with us. A. invites B.is invited C.was invented D.has invented10.The mobile phone_in 1973. A. invents B. is invented C.invented D.was invented 11
14、.The musuem_next month to celebrate the Science and Technology Festival.A. is decorated B. will decorate C. is decorating D.will be decorated12.Look at the picture. The top five TV plays_in it.A. list B.are listed C. will list D. will be listed课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1. We plant trees in spring every
15、year. _ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorrow.6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was
16、 postedI was givenYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _and perfe
17、cted now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told ACA4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. h
18、as been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. woul
19、d be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken DCBC8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken pla
20、ce; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like
21、the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt BDAC12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt,
22、for it _ easily. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out 15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go outBCAD16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are b
23、elonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching DCCDB
