1、Name:Chen fengbing Sex:M Age:39 yearsDepartment:Neurosurgery II Hospitalization number:838763MRI number:15533主诉:头晕、头痛伴视力下降一月余,加重半月现病史:患者于一月前出现头晕、头痛,双眼视力下降,无恶心、抽搐、意识障碍及大小便失禁等伴随症状,近半月来上述症状明显加重,今为求进一步诊治,来我院就诊体格检查 BP:120/80 mmHg R:18 bpmP: 78 bpm T:36.5 神志清楚,查体合作,双瞳孔等大等圆,直径2.5mm,光反射灵敏,眼球运动可。颈软,心肺腹未及明显异常
2、,四肢肌力正常MRI(2010-12-17)检查平扫平扫T1+C术中所见:脑室内见一灰白色软组织,覆盖脑室壁病理诊断(201013368):(左侧脑室)星形细胞瘤III级侧脑室肿瘤(Lateral ventricular tumors)是指原发于侧脑室壁组织或室壁周围组织,瘤体全部或大部位于侧脑室内的肿瘤侧脑室肿瘤约占颅内肿瘤的1%3.2%侧脑室内肿瘤分起为源于脑室本身结构的肿瘤和脑室周围结构突入的肿瘤两种脑室本身结构包括室管膜、脉络丛等,因而原发于脑室内的肿瘤常见于室管膜瘤、脑膜瘤、脉络丛乳头状瘤、中枢性神经细胞瘤和室管膜囊肿等脑室周围结构突入的肿瘤主要为星形胶质细胞瘤转移瘤既可发生于脑室内
3、,也可由周围脑实质向脑室内侵犯侧脑室脑膜瘤起源于脉络组织或基质,好发于侧脑室三角区及成年人瘤体血供丰富,由脉络丛血管供血,均匀强化室管膜瘤是起源于室管膜或室管膜残余部分的肿瘤,易发生于儿童,以囊变为主星形细胞瘤可起源于透明隔、胼胝体等脑室旁结构,借此可与室管膜瘤相鉴别;病灶边界多不清楚,易侵及室旁脑实质或胼胝体增厚转移瘤常见于老年人,多同时有脑实质转移灶存在,多见于40岁以上中老年人,增强扫描转移瘤呈环形强化脉络丛乳头状瘤常因刺激脉络丛过度分泌脑脊液而伴有交通性脑积水,好发于儿童中枢性神经细胞瘤多来源于透明隔,典型表现为以广基与侧脑室透明隔相连的肿物,凡青年人位于透明隔的肿瘤,应考虑中央性神经
4、细胞瘤的诊断,影像学特点主要为肿瘤发生部位比较特异室管膜囊肿以囊性病灶为特征,增强未见强化,影像上可见囊壁周围的脉络膜裂增宽室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤是一种少见的常染色体显性遗传性疾病,患者常伴有癫痫、弱智和皮疹,并发结节性硬化,表现为双侧脑室室壁多发点状钙化灶,肿瘤起源于室管膜结节的巨大星形细胞,室间孔好发,巨细胞瘤常导致脑脊液循环不畅,造成严重的脑积水,一般均需手术切除Fig. 1. Unenhancing (a) and contrast-enhanced (b) coronal T1 weighted MR images show an irregularly shaped mixed
5、intensity mass lesion at the foramen of Monroe with strong enhancement. There is mild enlargement of the right frontal horn. The lesion proved to be subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA).Fig. 2. Axial T2-weighted (a) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (b) images show a large, highly enhancing m
6、ass lesion, filling in a significant portion of the lateral ventricles with left predominance. Central neurocytoma was confirmed by histology.Figure 3 Case 1: a 25-year-old man with central neurocytoma involving both lateral ventricles. Non-enhanced CT image (a), precontrast axial T1WI (b), T2WI (c)
7、, postcontrast axial T1WI (d) and coronal T1WI (e). The tumour shows a symmetrical growth with the centre in the septum pellucidum. CT showed the gross tumour calcification. The tumour was heterogeneous, slightly hypointense on T1WI, isointense on T2WI and had a heterogeneous mild enhancement.图图1、2 脑膜瘤。图图3 室管膜瘤。图图4、5 星形细胞瘤。图图6 转移瘤。图图7 脉络丛乳头状瘤。图图8、9 中央性神经细胞瘤。图图10 室管膜囊肿。图图11、12 室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤。