1、U 3The usage of words1.外科医生2.医师，内科医生3.药剂师，药师；化学家4.专门研究（或从事），专攻5.细胞6.影响；侵袭；使感染7.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份8.删去，删除9.恢复；修复10.最终；根本上1. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.它它(基因基因)还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概
2、率的信息。疾病概率的信息。affect vt. have an influence on (sb/sth); produce an effect on 影响影响 (of disease) attack (sb/sth); infect 侵袭，使感染侵袭，使感染 touch the feelings of(someone); move emotionally 深深打动深深打动eg An unhappy home environment can affect a childs growth.不幸的家庭环境会影响孩子的成长。不幸的家庭环境会影响孩子的成长。Cancer had affected hi
3、s lungs. 癌已侵及他的肺脏。癌已侵及他的肺脏。I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me).我被电影深深地打动了。我被电影深深地打动了。归纳总结归纳总结 be affected by 被被侵袭；被侵袭；被感动感动/影响影响 affect sb./ sth. 影响某人影响某人/某物某物 be affected by heat/ cold 中暑中暑/着凉着凉 affection n. 喜爱；爱慕（与喜爱；爱慕（与for搭配）搭配） affecting adj. 令人感动的令人感动的 affecti
4、ve adj. 情感的，表达感情的情感的，表达感情的 表示表示“影响；效力影响；效力”时，时，affect是动词，是动词，effect是名词，是名词，influence既可作名词，也可作动词。既可作名词，也可作动词。【语境应用】单句语法填空。【语境应用】单句语法填空。1) The experiment showed that our body clocks _ (affect) by light and temperature.2) Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, foc
5、using mainly on how it _ (affect) children.are affectedaffects2.means n. action by which a result is brought about; method(s) 手段，方法手段，方法单数和复数形式均为单数和复数形式均为means.常用短语常用短语: by means of 通过通过eg The only means of communication was sign language.唯一的交流方式就是手语。唯一的交流方式就是手语。He came first in the writing competit
6、ion by means of hard work.他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名。他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名。by all means 千万，一定要，想一切办法；可以，当然千万，一定要，想一切办法；可以，当然行，没问题行，没问题 by no means 绝不，一点也不绝不，一点也不 V. _ 意思是；意味着；打算；意欲意思是；意味着；打算；意欲/adj. 吝啬的；刻薄的；平均的；中间的吝啬的；刻薄的；平均的；中间的n. _ 意思；含义；意义；重要性意思；含义；意义；重要性 adj. _ 意味深长的意味深长的 mean(meant,meant)meaningmeaningful3.
7、 Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind persons vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。restore vt. bring back (a previous right, practice, custom, or situation); r
8、einstate 恢复恢复eg The government restored confidence in the housing market.政府恢复了人们对住房市场的信心。政府恢复了人们对住房市场的信心。 to return something or someone to an earlier good condition or position 修复修复 eg The building has been lovingly restored.建筑物已被精心修复。建筑物已被精心修复。return (someone or something) to a former condition, p
9、lace, or position 使复原，使复位使复原，使复位 后面的宾语常为后面的宾语常为order, confidence, faith, peace等名词。等名词。 eg Her friends kindness has restored her faith in friendship. 朋友的善良让她对友谊重拾了信心。朋友的善良让她对友谊重拾了信心。restore somebodys sight/hearing=make someone who cannot hear or who is blind, hear or see againeg Can you restore your
10、lost hearing?你能恢复失去的听力吗你能恢复失去的听力吗?4.arise vi. to happen 发生，出现，产生发生，出现，产生out of/from sth follow as a result of sth (由由)引起引起eg More problems like those at the nuclear power plant are certain to arise.像核电站这样的问题肯定还会出现。像核电站这样的问题肯定还会出现。Accidents arise from carelessness. 意外事故起因于粗心大意。意外事故起因于粗心大意。arise from/
11、out of 由由引起；起因于引起；起因于arise from ones seat 从座位上站起来从座位上站起来arise out of carelessness 起因是由于疏忽起因是由于疏忽rise, raise, arise，arouserise不及物动词，不能带宾语。表示人或物从低处向高处上升；或不及物动词，不能带宾语。表示人或物从低处向高处上升；或表示数量的增加或数字上升。无被动语态。表示数量的增加或数字上升。无被动语态。raise及物动词，可带宾语。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事及物动词，可带宾语。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于
12、被动语物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。态。arise不及物动词，没有不及物动词，没有“上升上升”之意，多指之意，多指“产生、发生和出现产生、发生和出现”，常用于抽象事物。常用于抽象事物。 arouse 及物动词，及物动词，“引起；鼓励；唤醒；激发引起；鼓励；唤醒；激发”5. Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies?我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它（基因组编辑技术）来使我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它（基因组编辑技术）来使健康的身体更加强健？健康的身体更加强健？prohib
13、it vt. sth/sb (from doing sth) forbid sth or sb from doing sth esp by laws, rules or regulations (尤指以法令尤指以法令)禁止禁止 make (sth) impossible 使不可能使不可能常用结构常用结构:prohibit doing sth prohibit sb from doing sthn.禁止；禁令：禁止；禁令： prohibition【语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。【语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。1) 办公楼内禁止抽烟。办公楼内禁止抽烟。_ _ _
14、 in the office building. 2) 他因视力弱而不能当飞行员。他因视力弱而不能当飞行员。His poor eyesight _ _ _ _ a pilot.Smoking is prohibited prohibited him from becomingban, forbid, prohibitban指权威加官的正式禁止，含严厉谴责之意。指权威加官的正式禁止，含严厉谴责之意。forbid普通用词，指一般意义上的禁止。普通用词，指一般意义上的禁止。prohibit 指通过法律或政府法令禁止某事。指通过法律或政府法令禁止某事。练习与巩固：单句语法填空：1.The （surge
15、ry）showed such qualities as modesty,grace and dignity.2.The shop (special) in characteristic hand-made chocolates.3.The success of a salesman must include a high (affect) factor.4. (ultimate),with he help of the technician, he restored the lost files in the computer.5.His behavior on the court was s
16、o (normal) that he scored an own goal.6.The results of these two means are （fundamental）different. 7. The flu (arise) last winter,which dsrupted peoples normal pace of life.8.Recently,many countries have signed the (prohibit) on the use of chemical weapons. surgeonspecializesaffectiveUltimatelyabnormalfundamentallyaroseprohibition
