1、Unit 2 Sports cultureGrammar and usageLearning objectivesBy the end of this section, you will be able to:1. identify the use of the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses;2. work out the rules of the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses;3. use the right
2、tenses to finish related tasks.4. apply the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses in new situations.Look at the sentences and answer the questions. a. When I hurried to the store, I saw the books were already being packed into boxes. b. When I hurried to the store, I saw the b
3、ooks were already packed into boxes. 1.What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)?Passive voice in the past continuous tense is used in sentence (a) and passive voice in the past simple tense is used in sentence (b). In sentence (a) the action was being done while in sentence (b) the actio
4、n was already finished. Lead inLook at the sentences and answer the questions. a. When I hurried to the store, I saw the books were already being packed into boxes. b. When I hurried to the store, I saw the books were already packed into boxes. 2. Which sentence emphasises process and which emphasis
5、es result?Sentence (a) emphasises process and sentence (b) emphasises result. Lead inLook at the sentences and answer the questions. aAt the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.bAt the start of the detox, people had persuad
6、ed over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.1.Were the students in sentence (a) persuaded before the detox started, or afterwards? The students were persuaded before the detox started.Lead inLook at the sentences and answer the questions. aAt the start of the detox,
7、over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.bAt the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.2 . What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)? They differ in voice. The
8、passive voice is used in sentence (a), while the active voice is used in sentence (b).Lead in My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body. My cheeks were red, and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looked up at the blue sky. When my breathing retur
9、ned to normal, I reflected on what had just been achieved. Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part. Despite my lack of running experience, I agreed. In order not to hurt my knees or a
10、nkles, I started my training very gently by running just one kilometre on the first day. Over the next six weeks, I gradually increased the distance I ran in each training session and also made sure to allow my body enough time to rest and recover after each run. Soon I was running distances I had n
11、ever thought possible. The day of the half-marathon finally arrived and I felt well prepared. I ate a hearty breakfast so I knew I could get through to the end. I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before. I was happy to learn that a lot of money ha
12、d been raised for charity. I felt really proud of myself, and my friends and I agreed to run in the next city marathon!Find the sentences that use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and fill in the table. Exploring the rulesPassive voice in the past continuous tensePass
13、ive voice in the past perfect tense.a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized. .，even though my limits were being tested like never before.，I reflected on what had just been achieved.a lot of money had been raised for charity.Exploring the rulesExploring the rulesWorking out the rulesThe
14、 passive voice in the past continuous tense is used to refer to an action being done at a specific time in the past. The verb form is “(1) _”.The passive voice in the past perfect tense is used to express an action completed before a past time. The verb form is “(2) _”.was/were being donehad been do
15、ne英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 以下几种情况常用被动语态以下几种情况常用被动语态： 不知道谁是动作的执行者； 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；为了强调动作的承受者。（注意：不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但许多由“不及物动词+介词”构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，因而可以有被动语态。）被动语态被动语态Grammar notes被动语态是由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成，be随主语的人称、数和时态的变化而变化。我们这个单元学
16、习过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态。过去进行时的被动语态形式：was / were + being +及物动词的过去分词e.g. The room was being painted when I left.Grammar notes被动语态被动语态过去完成时的被动语态形式：had + been +及物动词的过去分词e.g. The injured passengers had been sent to hospital before the reporters arrived at the spot. Grammar notes被动语态被动语态被动语态结构中应注意的几个问题：被动语态结构中应
17、注意的几个问题：“一感觉(feel)”、“两听(hear, listen to)”、“三使(make, let, have)”、“四看(see, watch, look, notice)”等动词在主动结构中要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中to不可省去。 e.g. Betty is often seen to help the old man with his housework.Grammar notes被动语态被动语态后跟双宾语的动词在被动语态中，如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则间接宾语前常常要加介词to或for。常接to的动词有give, tell, lend
18、, show, pass, hand等；常接for的动词有buy, get等。 e.g. A special present was given to me on my birthday.A special present was bought for me on my birthday.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词，也不能将其拆开。 e.g. My grandpa is taken good care of in the hospital.Grammar notes【拓展】1. 不用被动语态的情况：不及物动词或短语没有被动语态，如rise,
19、 fail, hap-pen, last, break out, come true, take place, belong to等。e.g. Oil prices have risen sharply in recent weeks.系动词无被动语态，如appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。e.g. The fried chicken stayed fresh and crisp.Grammar notes被动语态被动语态2. 主动形式表示
20、被动意义： 某些不及物动词（其主语大都指物），如smell, taste, sound, prove, lock, shut, open, read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook等，常用主动形式表达被动意义。e.g. The door wont shut.The poem reads smoothly.Grammar notes被动语态被动语态在need, require, worth后用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。e.g. The bath needed repairing = The bath needed to be repair
21、ed. to blame（责备）用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g. I think it is you who are to blame for this accident. Grammar notes被动语态被动语态Rewrite the sentences with the passive voice.1. They were planting trees at this time yesterday.Trees were being planted at this time yesterday.2. They were building another bridge over the Ch
22、angjiang River then.Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then.3. He had learned 5,000 words by the end of last week.5,000 words had been learned by him by the end of last week.Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the given verbs.1. look! What a nice garden! Yes. It _ (clean
23、) every day.2. Im sure the telephone _ (invent) before the car.3. Why didnt you bring your computer here yesterday? Oh, it _ (check) by my neighbour then.is cleanedwas inventedwas being checked4. The tiger _ (feed) some nice meet at this time yesterday.5. By the end of last year, we _ (produce) 2,00
24、0 cars.6. The classroom _ (not clean) before the teacher came in.was being fedhad producedhad not been cleanedFill in the blanks with the right forms of the given verbs.1It was an amazing achievement for a player who _ (injure) so recently.2The swimming pool _ (clean) thoroughly the day before the c
25、ompetition began.3He felt that his talents _ (waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change.Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.had been injuredhad been cleanedwere being wastedApplying the rulesB14Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he _ (treat) by th
26、e team doctor.5Photos of the riders _ (take) before they got on their horses. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.was being treatedhad been takenApplying the rulesB1 By the time Cathy and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m., table
27、s (1) _ on both sides of the road. Bottles of water and paper cups (2) _ to different tables, so Cathy and I immediately went to help. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.maketrainblowplacecarrycheerhad been placedwere being carriedApplying the rulesB2 Then, we took o
28、ur place at the table and quickly started to arrange the bottles and cups so that they looked like an army of soldiers standing in line for inspection. I took a step back, and looked at the scene with satisfaction. For the previous couple of weeks, I (3) _ on how to be a volunteer for the half-marat
29、hon. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.maketrainblowplacecarrycheerhad been trainedApplying the rulesB2 I decided to volunteer for this years half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee visited my school. We were told that the competitors would be r
30、aising money for charity, and while I didnt feel that I had a strong constitution to run that far, I thought the next best thing would be to help those who could.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.maketrainblowplacecarrycheerApplying the rulesB2 After all the prepara
31、tions (4) _, the exciting half-marathon began. Cathy and I waited patiently until word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon. As the tired, thirsty runners ran along, they (5) _ by the crowds. Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, I fou
32、nd paper cups and plastic bottles everywhere. The litter (6) _ around by the wind as I bent over to pick up a plastic bottle. Cathy and I started clearing up. We were tired and wet with sweat but it felt really good to know that we had been able to help others.had been madewere being cheeredwas bein
33、g blownComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.maketrainblowplacecarrycheerApplying the rulesB2Think about a sporting event you took part in or watched. Describe the experience using the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses.B3Tips for describing a
34、sporting eventThe time and place of the sporting event.You should use past tenses to describe what happened in the sporting event.You can describe the rules of the event and how well the athlete performed.What you can learn from the sporting event.Possible answerLast year, I had the opportunity to w
35、atch my schools basketball team play in the Basketball Regional Finals against another school. Our team had been trained by the best coach in the region and had a great chance of winning. Students who were interested in attending the game had been given tickets by the school. The game was held at th
36、e Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre, and when we arrived, the stadium was being filled by fans, the air full of excitement. Once we had been seated, we immediately began to cheer for our team. The first three-quarters of the game were nail-biting because our team was being defeated by a small point diff
37、erence.As the clock counted down in the final quarter, our star player, who was being guarded strongly by the other teams defence, finally broke free and scored the final winning points! The sports centre erupted into a deafening noise. Our team was crowned the Basketball Regional Championits a day Ill always remember.Thanks
