1、as(L6) As many of you already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.(L15) Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.(L25) As the technology continues to devel
2、op at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.正如；如同因为；由于当时；随着asShe lost it, just as I said she would.Happy as they were, there was something missing.Unlikely as it might seem, Im tired too.照方式尽管；虽然；即使输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容contractn. an official written agreement 合同；
3、合约；合同；合约；契约契约 Tyler _ a seven-year contract _ a Hollywood studio. She is _ a contract with the TV station for three more years.sign/make/agree/enter a contract with be on/under a contract输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容contractv. to make an agreement by contract to work or to pay someone to work与与订立合同（或订立合同
4、（或契约契约) The company had contracted to supply the medicine by June. They are contracted to work 35 hours a week. contract (somebody) to do something输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容contractv. to get an illness 感染（疾病）；得（病感染（疾病）；得（病） Two-thirds of the adult population there have contracted AIDS. _ is the most c
5、ommon cancer contracted by people.输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容contractv. to become less or smaller（使）收缩，使）收缩，缩小缩小 Objects _ when heated and _ when cooled. The manufacturing industry has contracted by 1.5% since last year.expandcontractthe _ and _ of heartcontractionexpansion输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容ident
6、ifyv. 认出认出;识别识别;分辨分辨出出 He was too far away to be able to identify faces. The police took fingerprints and identified the body. He identified the dead woman _ his wife. identify sb/sth as sb/sthv.找到；找到；发现发现 =find out They identified a number of problem areas. Scientists have identified the gene that
7、causes abnormal growth. =recognizeas输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容identify identify with sb Many readers identify with the characters in her novels. Humans can easily identify with the emotional expressions of monkeys. identify sb/sth with sth You should not identify wealth with happiness. He was not the
8、tough guy the public identified him with.把某人把某人视为；认为视为；认为等同等同于于与某人产生共鸣；谅解；同情与某人产生共鸣；谅解；同情输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容identify The police are trying to discover the _ of the killer. The results were _ to those of the first test. Early _ of a disease can prevent death and illness.identityidenticalidentifi
9、cation输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容relatev. if two things relate, they are _ in some way 相关相关;有关联有关联 I dont understand how the two ideas relate. The report tries to relate the rise in crime _ an increase in unemployment.relate A to Bconnectedconnect A to/with Blink A to/with Bassociate A with Bto输 入输 入内
10、容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容 The audience needs to be able to relate to the characters in the story. The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland. I do not understand how the different parts of machine relate to each other.= refer to 涉及涉及;谈到谈到=identify with 产生产生共鸣共鸣;认同认同= 与与相关相关 Success is closely/
11、strongly/directly related to a persons level of education.输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容meansn. countablea way of achieving or doing sth 方式；方法；途径方式；方法；途径 a means of transport. Have you any means of identification? 电视是一种有效的传播途径。 Television is an effective means of communication.输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容mean
12、s He got out of trouble _ _ _ a clever trick. Testing is still the usual means _ which students performance is measured. Can I bring Alan? By all means! It was by no means excellent but still better than last year. Shes not a bad kid, by any means.by means of 借助借助手段；依靠手段；依靠方法方法by可以；当然行；没问题可以；当然行；没问题
13、决不决不；一点也不；一点也不输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容meansn. plural the money that a person has 财富；财富；钱财钱财 His father was a man of means. Try to live within your means. Paying for your children to go to a private school is beyond the means of most people.输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容ariseV. if a problem or difficult si
14、tuation arises, it begins to _ These problems arise when people try to avoid responsibility. 关于关于如何恰当使用这项技术的如何恰当使用这项技术的问题出现问题出现了。了。 Questions arise about how to use this technology appropriately. They are ready to fight if/when the need arises.arose-arisenhappen, occur, exist= when it is necessary 当
15、必要时当必要时输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容ariseV. if a problem or difficult situation arises, it begins to _ Many hair problems are caused by what you eat. Many hair problems result from what you eat. Many hair problems arise from/out of what you eat.arose-arisenhappen, occur, exist（由（由）引起；（因）引起；（因）产生）产生输 入输 入
16、内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容restrictV. to _ the size, amount or range of sth 限制限制，限定（数量、范围等），限定（数量、范围等） The new law restricts smoking in public places. In future we will restrict class sizes _ 20 students. restrict sth to sth Im restricting myself to two cigarettes a day. restrict sb to (doing) sth 约束约束；管束；管束
17、limitto输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容restrict Since Daves heart attack, hes been on a _ diet. There are _ on what you can bring into the country. Alcohol, for example, is totally forbidden.restrictedrestrictionsadj. 有限的，受控制的有限的，受控制的n.限制限制;约束约束;规定规定输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容prohibitV. often passive to stop s
18、th from being done or used especially by law （尤指以法令）（尤指以法令）禁止禁止 Smoking is strictly prohibited during the whole trip.输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容prohibitV. often passive to stop sth from being done or used especially by law （尤指以法令）（尤指以法令）禁止禁止 Smoking is strictly prohibited during the whole trip. The tow
19、n prohibited teenagers _ being in the streets after 10 p.m. prohibit sb from doing sthfrom There is a _ against smoking. prohibitionProhibition (in the US) the period of time from 1920 to 1933 when it was illegal to make and sell alcoholic drinks 输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容resistancen. uncountable disl
20、ike of or opposition to a plan, an idea, etc; 反反对；抵制；抗拒对；抵制；抗拒 There has been a lot of resistance _ this new law. The defenders _ a strong resistance. The boots showed high water resistance when tested. Vitamin C helps build resistance to infection.免疫力免疫力/抵抗力抵抗力put up to风风/空气空气/水流阻力水流阻力resistance tr
21、aining输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容resistance I prefer the plants that are _ to bad climate. They are determined to _ pressure to change the law.v. 抵制抵制；阻挡；阻挡resistadj. 抵制的；有抵抗力的抵制的；有抵抗力的resistantv/n.争论，辩论，争论，辩论，讨论讨论 The committee will debate _to lower the age of club membership to 16. There has been wid
22、espread debate _ the introduction of genetically modified food. I debated with myself whether I should tell anyone. For a moment Mary debated telling Rick the truth.debateon/about/overwhetherv.仔细考虑；思考；盘算仔细考虑；思考；盘算输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容Phrases general medicine specialize in the care of teeth The sh
23、op specializes in hand-made chocolates. Many students specialize in engineering. You really need a _ for this job.specialist专门研究（或从事）；专攻专门研究（或从事）；专攻输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容Phrases _ the _ of my career as game-changing as genome editing genes play a critical role in shaping our lives depend on determ
24、ine our lifespan _ certain diseases _ certain virus _ a particular form of cancerovercoursecontractcatchdevelop 患上患上某种疾病某种疾病输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容Phrases identify which genes relate to which disease in the near futureultimately _ a blind persons vision early on I realized early on I would never pa
25、ss the exam. It is likely that the roles of husband and wife were defined early on in marriage. serve as Her death should serve as a warning to other young people. The sofa will serve as a bed for a night or two. He served as ambassador to France.restore在初期；在开始阶段；早先在初期；在开始阶段；早先担任，充当；起担任，充当；起的作用的作用输
26、入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容Phrases lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care develop at a fast pace questions _ about how to use it appropriately restrict to prohibit sb from doing increase the human _ colds and flus _ their senses wrestle with such moral issues The two men wrestled wit
27、h each other. I have been wrestling with this problem for quite some time.ariseresistance tosharpen奋力对付；努力处理奋力对付；努力处理输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容Phrases run wild The grass has run wild. Let your imagination run wild and be creative. We tried to have some organized games for the kids, but they all starte
28、d running wild as soon as they got here. put in place All the arrangements are now in place for their visit.落实到位；使落实到位；使准备就绪准备就绪自由生长；任其发展；恣意妄为自由生长；任其发展；恣意妄为 be/work to ones advantage Sometimes a lack of experience can work to your advantage.对对有利有利输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容Phrases as dangerous as a car
29、 out of control debate _ the subject of genome editing throughout the entire medical community and beyond without doubton输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容B1This week, a team of scientists based in Switzerland announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers that relate to human lifespans. (1) _, the discov
30、ery is an important finding in the field of genetics. For years, scientists have been working to (2) _ specific genetic markers that are connected with a long lifespan. Until recently, only two such markers were known to the scientific community.Genes play a critical role in overall health. Every (3
31、) _ in the human body contains genetic information. Everything from the ageing process to the development of deadly diseases, such as cancer, is tied to an individualsWithout doubtidentifycell They tied the horse to a tree. Security is closely tied to political stability. I want to work but Im tied
32、to the house with the baby.输 入输 入内 容内 容输 入输 入内 容内 容Phrases be tied to把把绑在绑在上上与与相关相关受受束缚、限制束缚、限制B1genetic make-up. However, scientists have long been (4) _ the question about which genetic markers indicate a short or long lifespan. The discovery by the research team may quicken the (5) _ of the study
33、 on genes and human lifespans, and eventually help answer this question.Scientists say that locating these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how genes (6) _ lifespans. These genetic markers may eventually function as a (7) _ of targeting the specific genes connected with lifespans. This could significantly enhance peoples chances of living to a ripe old age. According to some scientists, it could make a (8) _ change to the future of human life.pacewrestling withaffectfundamentalmeans
