1、Unit 2 Sports cultureGrammar and usage课前课前 自主学习自主学习wordsContents必备知识必备知识素养构建素养构建Grammar noteswords-会读，知意会读，知意chest/test/ n. 胸部；大箱子cheek/tik/ n. 面颊，脸颊half-marathon/hf mrn/ n. 半程马拉松赛跑amateur/mt(r)/ n. 业余运动员，业余爱好者；生手，外行 adj. 业余的ankle/kl/ n. 踝，踝关节gradually/rduli/ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 session/sen/ n. 一段时间，一场；会议，
2、开庭；学年words-会读，知意会读，知意limit/lmt/ n. 限度，限制；极限，限量；界限 vt. 限制，限定；限量，减量marathon/mrn/ n. 马拉松赛跑；马拉松式的活动（或工作）chairman/temn/ n. （委员会的）委员长，主席； （会议的）主席，主持人constitution/knsttjun/ n. 体质，身体素质；宪法，章程pour/p(r)/ vt. & vi. 倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态 一过去进行时的被动语态一过去进行时的被动语态 （一）构成（一）构成肯定句：主语 + was
3、/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语+ was/were + not + being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语+ being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were +（主语 +）being + 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他? Grammar notesAnother bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座桥。The movie star wasnt being followed by
4、 a fan. 那个电影明星没有被粉丝跟踪。Was a new library being put up in their school last year? 他们学校去年正在建一座新图书馆吗？ What was being done to the machine then? 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？ Grammar notes（二）用法（二）用法（1）过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进行的被动动作。He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。This film
5、 was being shown then. 那时这部电影正在上映。Grammar notes（2）过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时可以用完成时态的被动语态。The house over there has been built for two months.The watch has been repaired twice.Grammar notes（三）过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别（三）过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别过去进行时的被动语态表示的是过去正在进行且尚未完成的被动动作，而一般过去时的被动语态表示已经完成的
6、被动动作。This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候正在修建。This road was built last year. 这条路是去年修建的。Grammar notes单句语法填空单句语法填空(1) A meeting _（hold）when I was there.(2)The college _（build）at this time last year.(3) They were living with their parents for the moment because their own house _ （re
7、build）.(4)Was the TV set _（fix） this time yesterday?(5)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _（decorate）.(6)The man _（question） by the police at that time. was being heldwas being builtwas being rebuiltbeing fixedwere being decoratedwas being questioned
8、二过去完成时的被动语态二过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，并且该动作发生在过去的某一时间或动作之前时，谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。（一）构成（一）构成肯定句：主语 + had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + had + not + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Grammar notesBy the time the teacher came in，the first experim
9、ent had been finished. 老师进来的时候，第一个实验已经完成了。The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came in. 老师进来之前教室还没有打扫。Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting started? 会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗？Grammar notes（二）用法（二）用法（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by the time，before 等引导的时间状语连用。By the time we got there，a
10、ll the tickets had been sold out. 我们到那里时，所有的票都卖完了。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for，since 等引导的时间状语连用。It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了几个星期的广告了。Grammar notes（3）用在宾语从句中，常放在told，said，knew，heard， thought，wondered 等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。He told us
11、 that the project had been completed. 他告诉我们工程竣工了。Grammar notes（4）在“It was the first/second/.time + that从句”句型中， 当从句主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“这是第一/ 二次”。It was the first time that he had been awarded. 这是他第一次获奖。Grammar notes（5）在“Hardly/Scarcely had.when.”和“No sooner had. than.”句型中，当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完
12、成时的被动语态，表示“一就”。Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell something burning. 前门一被打开，我们就能闻到烧焦的气味。Grammar notes（6）在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been invited there，I would have gone with you. 如果我受到邀请去那里的话，我就会和你一起去了。Grammar notes单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）A new agreement （sign） b
13、y the time we got there.（2）The house （pick） up by the hurricane before they took measures.（3）By the end of last week, more than $ 50,000 _ （collect） for the affected area.had been signedhad been pickedhad been collected单句语法填空单句语法填空（4）He （trap） in the burning house for nearly two hours before the firefighters came to his rescue.（5）The professor was delighted to find that the project_（finish） by the students independently.（6）She returned home and found all her furniture _（ruin） by the flood.had been trappedhad been finishedhad been ruinedThanks
