1、Unit 1 The mass media1. To explore the rules of past perfect tense.2. To work out the rules.3. To apply the rules.A Exploring the rulesRead the short life story of Joseph Pulitzer and find the sentences that use the past perfect tense. The first one has been done for you.by then he had learnt very l
2、ittle English. by the age of 25, he had become a publisher.He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-DispatchWorking out the rulesWe often use the past perfect tense to talk about something that happened (1) _ (before/after) a past action or state.The verb form of the p
3、ast perfect tense is “(2) _ (have/had) done”.beforehad1 过去完成时用来描述过去某一时间之前或动作之前发生或过去完成时用来描述过去某一时间之前或动作之前发生或完完 成成的动作的动作，如：，如： He had tried his best although he failed. Jim said that he had learned some Chinese before.2 过去完成时有时用来表示没有实现的愿望，主要用于过去完成时有时用来表示没有实现的愿望，主要用于want, hope, intend等词。如：等词。如： I had wa
4、nted to help you, but I was too busy then. I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me. 3 过去完成时可以用于过去完成时可以用于hardlywhen或或no soonerthan等结构等结构，表表示示“一一就就”。如。如：I had hardly entered the classroom when the bell rang.Hardly had the spokesman finished his talk when someone rose to ask
5、 him questions.4 过去完成时常有过去完成时常有by, when等引导的时间状语作为标志。如：等引导的时间状语作为标志。如：I had finished reading the novel by the end of last week. He had learnt English for ten years when he graduated from high school. 5 如果时间状语由如果时间状语由before引导，主句可用一般过去时代替过引导，主句可用一般过去时代替过去去完完成时；如果时间状语由成时；如果时间状语由after引导，引导，after引导的从句可用引导
6、的从句可用一一般般过去时代替过去完成时。如过去时代替过去完成时。如：John (had) left before I came home.He began to write a review after he (had) watched the film twice.6 常用于以下固定句型：常用于以下固定句型：It / This / That was the first / second / . time + that从句，从句，从从句句中谓语动词常用过去完成时中谓语动词常用过去完成时；It was +一段时间一段时间+ since从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去从句，从句中谓语动词常用过去完完成
7、时，如：成时，如：It was the third time that he had mentioned his mother in his speech. It was 3 months since I had come back from abroad.1. I had turned off my cell phone when you _ me last night. a. callb. were callc. called2. When I arrived to the classroom, the teacher _ the lesson already. a. has alread
8、yb. have started c. had startedcChoose the best answer.cPut the verbs into the correct form. 1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) _.2. He (not / be) _ to Cape Town before 1997.3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) _ her homework.4. My brother ate all of the cake that our
9、mum (make) _.5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) _ six weeks before.6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) _.had builthad not beenhad already donehad madehad put onhad not ordered用用括号内单词的正确时态完成下面短文括号内单词的正确时态完成下面短文。A cow and a fox went out to search for food together. They
10、 1. _ (go) only a few miles before they saw a lion coming their way. They were both very frightened. The fox thought of a way of saving his own life, and went up to the lion and said in his ear, “I 2. _ (help) you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him, if you let me go free.” The li
11、on agreed, and the fox then led the cow by a hidden pit (坑坑), which some hunter 3. _ (dig) as a trap for wild animals, and the cow fell into it. When the lion saw that the cow 4. _ (catch) and couldnt get away, he turned his attention to the fox. He soon finished him off, and then went on to eat the
12、 cow.Betray (背背叛叛) a friend, and youll often find you have destroyed yourself.had been caughthad gone will help had dug BApplying the rulesCircle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks below.B11 Pulitzer knew that he had learnt very little English, so he had started to work hard at the language
13、._Pulitzer knew that he had learnt very little English, so he started to work hard at the language.2 Pulitzer was very hard-working. Quite often, when he arrived home at midnight, he was working for over 10 hours. _ _3 For the time he was 25, Pulitzer had become a successful journalist and publisher
14、. _ _Pulitzer was very hard-working. Quite often, when he arrived home at midnight, he had worked for over 10 hours.By the time he was 25, Pulitzer had become a successful journalist and publisher.4 Many of the best reporters have worked for his paper before its failure in 1931. _ _Many of the best
15、reporters had worked for his paper before its failure in 1931.win build intend award allowBelow is a passage about the Pulitzer Prizes. Complete it with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.B2The Pulitzer Prizes are a set of 21 awards honoring excellence in journalism and the arts. The pr
16、izes were established largely due to the efforts of Joseph Pulitzer, who (1) _ his reputation as a newspaper publisher. He left money in his 1904 will to fund the establishment of the prizes, stating that he wanted four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one for education, and five tra
17、veling scholarships. builtwin build intend award allowSince the first prizes (2) _ in 1917, there have been many winners and many people have won more than once. Past winners include such famous names as Eugene ONeill. When ONeill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, it was the fourth time
18、he (3) _ one.were awardedhad wonThere have been a number of changes to the Pulitzer Prizes over time. Some of these resulted from advances in technology. For example, online content from newspaper websites (4) _ in all of the journalism categories since 2006. the Pulitzer Prizes have also expanded t
19、o include such categories as photography and music. Nevertheless, journalism is still what the Pulitzer Prizes are best known for. Today, winning the Pulitzer Prizes is considered by many to be the highest achievement possible in journalism-just as Pulitzer (5) _.has been allowedwin build intend awa
20、rd allowhad intendedZou Taofen was a famous Chinese journalist and publisher. Read the timeline below and describe his life story using the past perfect tense.B318951895Born inBorn inFujianFujian19211921Becomes Becomes the the chief chief editor editor of Life of Life WeeklyWeekly19311931Starts aSta
21、rts a newnew journaljournal called Lifecalled Life ofof thethe MassesMasses19441944GraduateGraduates from s from universiuniversityty19261926Starts campaigning Starts campaigning against the against the Japanese invasionJapanese invasion19351935Dies in Dies in ShanghaiShanghai19221922Becomes Becomes
22、 an an editoreditorZou Taofen was born in Fujian in 1895. After he had graduated from university in 1921, he became an editor. Before he started a new journal Life of the Masses in 1935, he had started campaigning against the Japanese invasion in 1931. He died in Shanghai in 1944.Draw a timeline of
23、your grandparent and describe his/her life story using the past perfect tense.Past perfect simple: usesThe past perfect refers to time up to a point in the past (time up to then), just as the present perfect refers to something that happened in the time up to the moment of speaking (time up to now):
24、e.g. Id seen all of Elvis Presleys movies by the time I was 20!u Time up to thenId been to five countries in Europe by 2001.Past perfect: time up to then (2001).Ive been to five countries in Europe.Present perfect: time up to now.We commonly use the past perfect in reported clauses where the reporti
25、ng verb (underlined) is in the past:Reported clausese.g. “Mr Hammond drove through a red light.” The policeman said Mr Hammond had driven through a red light. No one told me that the shop had closed. I phoned Katie and she said the kids had had a day off school so shed taken them ice skating.We also
26、 use the past perfect when the reporting verb is a verb of perception and is in the past tense:e.g. My Dad was really angry because he heard I hadnt come home until 3 am! I saw shed bought the dictionary so I asked if I could borrow it. The doctor felt my mother had got worse since last week.We ofte
27、n use the past perfect to refer to situations which have changed. In speaking, had is often stressed:Talking about changed statese.g. A: Are you going anywhere today?B: I had planned to go to the beach but look at the rain! (had is stressed; the meaning is I have now changed my mind) Im very happy w
28、orking as an engineer but I had wanted to be an actor when I was younger.We must use the past perfect when we imagine a different past in a clause with if:The past perfect in conditional clausese.g. I would have helped to paint the house if youd asked me. (You didnt ask me.) Sarah couldnt come with us to the cinema. She would have loved it if she had been there. (She wasnt there.)
