（2022）新北师大版高中英语必修第一册讲义(全册10份打包).rar

1Unit1 Lesson1 1voluntary adj志愿的；服务的；自愿的voluntarily adj.自愿地，主动地volunteer nC志愿者 v自愿做，义务做2various adj各种各样的；多种(类型)的vary v使变化；变化variety nC, U多样性；种类3convenient adj方便的，便利的convenience nU方便；适宜；便利4addict nC对着迷的人addiction nU瘾5distance nC, U距离，间距distant adj遥远的重点单词与短语精析重点单词与短语精析课标词课标词 高频词高频词1.chat【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)vi. 聊天，闲聊聊天，闲聊chat with/ to sb. 与某人闲聊chat about sth.闲聊某事He returned to the room several hours later, and stayed there to chat with Jack for a while.几个小时后，他回到了房间，并待在那儿和杰克闲聊了一会儿。We met occasionally to chat about the good old days at school.我们偶尔相聚，畅谈往昔上学时的大好时光。(2)n. C聊天，闲谈。聊天，闲谈。have a chat with sb. (about sth.)与某人闲聊(某事)She said she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me. 她说她要路过巴黎，想跟我聊一聊。【练习】语法填空In this day and age, you can do many things with the help of the Internet. While chatting with/ to a stranger may seem new and exciting, make sure that you stay safe while having fun.2The couple chatted about their happy time in London on their way home yesterday.Great! I would like to visit him and have a chat with him about my new plan.2.voluntary【用法归纳用法归纳】to do voluntary work 做志愿工作There are many ways in which you can do voluntary work. 做志愿工作的方法有很多。【拓展】相关词语积累：(1) voluntarily adj.自愿地，主动地(2) volunteer vi. & vt.自愿(做某事)，自告奋勇volunteer to do sth. 自愿/主动提出做某事 According to the research, people feel good when they volunteer to do something meaningful for other people.根据这次研究，人们自愿为他人做些有意义的事情时感觉良好。n.C志愿者，义务工作者Volunteers learn a lot and enjoy themselves into the bargain. 志愿者在学到很多东西的同时还能得到乐趣。语境串记As a volunteer, he often does voluntary work, and he thinks its his responsibility to volunteer to help those people in need. 作为一名志愿者，他经常做志愿工作，他认为自愿帮助那些需要帮助的人是他的责任。【练习】1.语法填空Over the last 30 years, the number of people taking part in voluntary (volunteer)work has increased sharply.My neighbors volunteered to take (take) care of my pet dog while I was on vacation last summer.2.完成句子从公司退休后，她为一家慈善机构做志愿工作。3Since retiring from the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity. (voluntary)她现在作为一名志愿者每周在当地一所学校帮忙 3 天。She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.(volunteer)3.native【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)n. 本地人；出生于某国本地人；出生于某国(或某地或某地)的人；本地的动物的人；本地的动物(或植物或植物) a native of. 本地人；原产于的动物（或植物）Li Ming is a native of Beijing. 李明是北京人。The kangaroo is a native of Australia. 袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物。You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives. 游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。(2)adj. 本地的；出生地的；原产于某地的，土产的本地的；出生地的；原产于某地的，土产的native land/ country/ language/ speaker 故乡/祖国/母语/母语使用者be native to.原产于 Her native language is Korean. 她的母语是朝鲜语。The panda is native to China.大熊猫原产于中国。【练习】1.语法填空Are you a native of this town?No. I was born in New York, but this is Where I grew up.Nearly 15, 000 plant species are native to Yunnan Province.2.单句写作中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。(native)China is our native country and Chinese is our native language .44.range【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)n. C, usually sing.系列；范围，界限；C山脉a wide range of一系列/各种各样的out of/ beyond range (of sth.)超出(的)范围There is a wide range of opinions on this issue. 在这个问题上，存在着很多不同的意见。The house is well beyond our price range. 这所房子远远超出了我们能承受的价格范围。Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.在意大利和法国之间，有一条叫作阿尔卑斯的山脉。(2)vi. (在一定的范围内)变动，变化；包括(从到)之间的各类事物；vt.(按一定位置或顺序)排列range from.to. 在从到的范围内变动He has a number of interests, ranging from playing chess to swimming.他有很多爱好，从下棋到游泳。Cups and plates were neatly ranged on her shelves 杯子和盘子整齐地排列在她的架子上。【练习】1.语法填空The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. 2.用 range 的相关短语完成句子这是一项在工业上有广泛应用的新发明。This is a new invention that will have a wide range of applications in industry.这款车的价格从三万美元到五万美元不等。很明显这款车超出了他能承受的价格范围。The prices of the car range from 30,000 dollars to 50,000 dollars. Obviously, it is out of/beyond his price range .5. various【用法归纳用法归纳】5various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的They have found various ways to meet this need. 他们已经找到了多种不同的方法来满足这一需要。【拓展】相关词语积累：variety n.变化；多种式样，(同一事物的)不同种类a variety of/ varieties of + n.= various+n. 各种各样的【练习】1.语法填空There are various (variety) things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.2.结合 variety 的用法完成句子这家博物馆有种类繁多的独特的收藏品，每天吸引着大量的参观者。The museum owns various/a variety of /varieties of unique collections, attracting a number of visitors every day.6.convenient 【用法归纳用法归纳】convenient adj.方便的，便利的；近便的，容易到达的It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人而言)做某事方便。. is convenient for sb./sth.对某人/某物来说是方便的.is convenient for/to.到近便It is very convenient for me to pay by credit card.我用信用卡付款很方便。Is three oclock convenient for you? 3 点钟你方便吗?Our house is very convenient for the childrens school.我们家到孩子的学校很近。【注意】convenient 作表语时，不可用人作主语，要用物作主语或用 it 充当形式主语。表达“如果你方便的话”时，应用“if it is convenient for you”。表达“在你方便的时候”时，应用“when it is convenient for you”。当你方便的时候,我们和你的家人一起出去野餐吧。【误】Lets go out and have a picnic with your family when you are convenient.6【正】Lets go out and have a picnic with your family when it is convenient for you. inconvenient adj.不方便的convenient adj.方便的conveniently adj.方便地，便利地 inconvenience n.不便，麻烦；不便之处convenience n.U 方便,便利;C便利的事物(或设施),方便的用具for the convenience of 为方便at one s convenience 在某人方便的时侯for (the sake of) convenience 为了方便语境串记I bought this apartment for convenience, because it is very convenient for the bus stations and it has a lot of conveniences. 我买这套公寓是为了方便，因为它离公共汽车站很近，也有很多便利设施。【练习】 1.语法填空(2020天津河北区模考) Would it be convenient (convenience) for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport?We can meet to discuss this matter future at your convenience.2.结合 convenient 的用法完成句子如果方便的话，请帮我在面包房买点面包。If it is convenient for you , please help to buy some bread for me in the bakery.我们学校的实验室有一流的科学设备，所以做实验很方便。We have first-class scientific equipment in our school lab. so it is very convenient to do experiments.这个小镇离机场很近。The town is very convenient for/to the airport.7. quality 【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)n. C,U质量，品质质量，品质反反要注意与形近词 quantity (n.量，数量)的区别。7of good/ high/ poor quality 质量好/优/低劣(常作表语和后置定语) quantity of life 生活质量Everyone can greatly improve the quality of life .每个人都可以大大改善生活质量。This model is of good/ high quality, but its too expensive. 这个型号质量好，但它太贵了。(2)n. C (尤指好的尤指好的)人品，素质，品德人品，素质，品德He has a lot of good qualities but being organized isnt one of them.他有许多优秀品质，可就是缺乏条理性。(3)n. C,U 特征，特色，特质特征，特色，特质One quality of this new material is that it is unbreakable.这种新材料的一个特点是它牢不可破。【练习】判断下列句子中 quality 的含义China is making great efforts to develop its economy so as to improve the quality of peoples lives. 质量 (2020江苏南京模考) Patience is a quality which success feeds on. 品德 One quality of wood is that it can burn. 特征 8.addict n.C对入迷的人【用法归纳用法归纳】an Internet addict 网迷a TV addict 电视迷She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can.她是个电视迷，看尽可能多的电视。【拓展拓展】相关词语积累相关词语积累(1) addiction n.C,U 瘾，入迷瘾，入迷Internet/online shopping addiction 网瘾/网购瘾(2) addicted adj.上瘾的；入迷的上瘾的；入迷的(说明人的状态，只可作表语说明人的状态，只可作表语)be/ become addicted to 沉溺于；迷上(to 是介词)Much to my shock, my daughter is addicted to surfing the Internet.使我吃惊的是，我的女儿沉溺于上网。语境串记As you know, Tom used to be a video game addict and he was addicted to video games for many years. However, he made great efforts to get rid of his addiction last year.正如你所知道的那样，汤姆曾经是一个电子游戏迷，8他对电子游戏入迷很多年了。然而，去年他尽全力戒了他的游戏瘾。【练习】语法填空As your close friend, Id like to talk about the harm of the Internet addiction (addict) to you.Children who become addicted (addict) to TV sit down and turn on the TV as soon as they get home. Although they have lots of homework, they become absorbed in (专注于) TV programs.With the development of the Internet, more and more children are addicted to playing (play)online games day and night, which does harm not only to their studies, but also to their health.高频短语高频短语9. set out【用法归纳用法归纳】(1) (怀着目标怀着目标)开始工作，展开任务开始工作，展开任务set out to do sth. (= set about doing sth.) 开始做某事On arriving at the village, the professor set out to study the customs of the natives. 一到这个村庄，教授就着手研究当地居民的风俗习惯。(2)出发，动身。相当于出发，动身。相当于 set offset out for someplace (= set off for someplace)动身去某处In order that we can get there on time, we should set out early.为了按时到那里，我们应该早些出发。After dinner, I decided to set out/off for the supermarket to buy some chocolate. 晚饭以后，我决定到超市买点巧克力。【拓展】与 set 相关的其他短语：set off 出发，动身；使(炸弹等)爆炸；引发set up 设立，建起；创建set down 写下，记下(= put down)set aside 把放到一旁；省出，留出(时间或钱)【练习】1.语法填空You neednt set out/off now because the meeting wont begin until three hours later.I set up an interview with her and discussed her project in detail.9(陕西高考单项填空改编) Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.2.结合 set 的用法完成句子(2020陕西汉中期末) The students, as well as their teachers, set out to climb the hill/set about climbing the hill (开始爬山了), which is very beautiful in autumn高频短语高频短语10. tend to do sth. 往往会做某事；倾向于做某事，易于做某事They will tend to model their behaviour on the teachers behaviour. 他们会倾向于模仿老师的行为举止。People tend to work hard at this stage of life. 人在这个人生阶段往往发奋努力。【拓展】相关词语积累：(1)tend v.往往会；倾向，趋于；照管，照料往往会；倾向，趋于；照管，照料tend (to) sb./sth. 照料/照管某人/某物Several nurses carefully tended (to) the sick man.几位护士悉心地照料这个病人。(2) tendency n. 倾向；趋势倾向；趋势have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向She has a tendency to talk fast when she is nervous.她紧张时往往会说话快。【练习】语法填空I tend to see (see) pictures in mind when I am reading or listening.There is a growing tendency (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.Busy with routine (日常的) office tasks, she had no time to tend to her children.11. aim【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)n. C目标，目的目标，目的with the aim of 为了，目的是achieve ones aim 实现目标；达到目的10Students should aim to become more independent of their teachers. 学生应该努力逐渐减少对老师的依赖。I started to learn English with the aim of becoming a teacher. 我开始学习英语的目的是要当教师。(2)vi. 力求达到，力争做到力求达到，力争做到aim at (doing) sth.力求做某事aim to do sth.力求做某事aim at/ for sth.力争得到某物We aim to be there around six. 我们力争六点钟左右到那里。We should aim for the best results. 我们力求获得最佳结果。(3)vt.目的是，旨在；针对，对象是目的是，旨在；针对，对象是be aimed at (doing).旨在(做)；目的是(做)be aimed at sb.针对某人，对象是某人The programme is aimed at the teenage audience.这个节目针对的是十几岁的观众。(4)v. 瞄准，对准瞄准，对准aim (sth.) at sb./sth. (把)瞄准He aimed (his gun) at the target and fired but only to miss it.他(用枪)瞄准目标开火，结果却未打中。【拓展】相关词语积累：aimless adj.无目标的aimlessly adv.漫无目的地【练习】1.语法填空With the help of curriculum reform(课程改革), students enjoy a variety of after-school activities, which are aimed at strengthening their physical strength and building up their confidence.Varieties of magazines and research papers are put out with the aim of feeding readers appetite(强烈欲望)for specific knowledge.The top universities aim to choose (choose) the most intelligent students.2.结合 aim 的用法完成句子主语一般是物11要达到这些目标需要团队合作。Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims .这门旨在提高学生的沟通技巧的课程深受学生的欢迎。The course which is aimed at improving students communication skills is very popular with them.12. distance n. 距离；远方；遥远距离；远方；遥远【用法归纳用法归纳】in the distance在远处at a distance离一段距离，从远处(= from a distance)at/ from a distance of. 从远的地方(of 后跟具体的距离)语境串记I can see the waterfall in the distance , whose sound can be heard from a distance of two miles, and it looks quite beautiful at a distance. 我可以看见远处的那道瀑布，在两英里远的地方就可以听见它的声音，并且从远处看它很漂亮。【拓展】相关词语积累：distant adj.遥远的 distantly adv.远地be distant from . 离远【练习】语法填空If you have good eyesight, you will be able to see the building in the distance.We could see nothing in the thick fog at/from a distance of ten meters, so we got lost.13. count【用法归纳用法归纳】(1) vi. 重要重要Every point in this game counts.这场比赛每一分都很重要。(2)vi.&vt.认为，看作，算作认为，看作，算作count (sb./sth.) as sb./sth. 认为()是/把()看作12I count her as one of my best friends. 我视她为我最好的朋友之一。(3)vi.(按顺序按顺序)数数；数数；vi.&vt. 计算计算(或清点或清点)总数；总数；vt.把把算入算入count down 倒计时count sb. in/out把/不把某人算在内He was counting slowly under his breath.他在低声慢慢地数数。If you go to Beijing for a trip, please count me in.如果你们去北京旅游的话，请把我算进去。【练习】判断下列句子中 count 的含义Having counted the money, Mr White put it in the box. 计算总数 Everyone should learn something about first aid, for every second counts in an emergency (紧急情况). 重要 Beth has a good voice, but she has never counted herself as a real singer. 认为 重点句型分析重点句型分析1. Youll often find me sitting in front of my laptop. 你会经常发现我坐在我的笔记本电脑前。你会经常发现我坐在我的笔记本电脑前。【句式分析】本句是简单句，find me sitting 是“find+宾语+现在分词(短语)”结构。【考点提炼考点提炼】“find+宾语宾语+现在分词现在分词(短语短语)”结构结构“find+宾语+现在分词(短语)”结构是“find+宾语+宾补”结构的一种，意为“发现正在”，宾语与构成现在分词的动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。When I went into her room, I found her reading a book.我走进她的房间时，发现她正在看书。(her 与 read 是逻辑上的主谓关系)When I came in, I found all the students smiling at me.当我进来时，我发现所有的学生都冲着我微笑。( all the students 与 smile 是逻辑上的主谓关系)【归纳拓展归纳拓展】“find+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”的其他结构：的其他结构：(1)find+宾语宾语+形容词形容词/副词副词When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. 当我和大猩猩惊吓到彼此时，我很高兴地发现它们还活着。(2018全国卷)13I called on her on my way home and found her out. 我在回家的路上去拜访她，发现她不在家。(2)find+宾语宾语+名词名词/介词短语介词短语I found it a boring film.我发现那是一部乏味的电影。When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。(3)find+宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词(短语短语)。宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。When he arrived, he found all the work finished. 当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都已经做完了。(wok 与 finish 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)【练习】语法填空1.What do you think of the teaching profession (职业), Bob?I find it fun and challenging (challenge). It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.2. The moment you let go of your burdens (负担), youll find yourself feeling (feel) so much more relaxed.2. Ive been using the computer since I was a kid. 孩提时期我就开始使用电脑。孩提时期我就开始使用电脑。【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：Ive been using the computer since I was a kid主句 时间状语从句【考点提炼】现在完成进行时现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+现在分词”构成，其常见用法如下：(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去。此时，谓语动词为延续性动词。Where have you been? Ive been looking for you everywhere.你去哪儿了?我一直在到处找你。In order to find the missing child, villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.为了找到那个丢失的孩子，在过去的五个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切事情。(2)表示从过去某时开始到现在的一段时间内反复发生的动作。She has been phoning Jim every evening for the past two weeks.过去两周以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。14【注意】现在完成时表示动作已完成，强调结果；现在完成进行时表示动作一直在进行，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去，强调动作的持续性。比较：I have written a book.我已经写了一本书。(动作已经完成)I have been writing a book. 我一直在写一本书。(动作一直在进行，可能还将继续下去)【练习】语法填空(北京四中期中)Hey, you have been sitting (sit) at the computer all day. You should really take a break now.(2018北京单项填空改编) Chinas high-speed railways have grown (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.(北京高考单项填空改编)Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We have been waiting (wait) here for more than two hours.3. Its so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.购物前，能够比较不同的网络商店的质量和价格是非常方便的。【句式剖析】本句属于“Its/was+adj. +(+for sb.) to do sth.”句型，该句中是形式主语， to be able to. before I buy 是真正的主语。【考点提炼】“It is/was+adj.(+for sb.)+ to do sth.”，句型“It is/was+adj. (+ for sb.) + to do sth.”句型意为“(某人)做某事是的”。其中 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)。该结构中的形容词是用来描述不定式所表示动作的特征的，如 necessary, important, easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, possible, impossible 等。Its necessary for us to get plenty of exercise for a healthy life. 要健康地生活，有必要进行大量的锻炼。【拓展】“It is/was+adj. (+of sb.)+ to do sth.”句型：句型：该句型意为“(某人)做某事是的”。此时形容词常是 kind, nice, good, clever, wrong, foolish, right, careless, polite 等表示人的性格、品质的词。It was very honest of him to give them the money bac