1、Unit 8 Green Living B卷 能力提升2021-2022学年高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册单元测试AB卷第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAnimals in Antarctica There are no land animals that actually live in Antarctica! However, the surrounding ocean is rich in living creatures! Its just too
2、cold to support very many life forms! Now lets meet some of the Antarcticas animals. Weddell Seal They are the southern most pinniped (鳍足类的) in the world. Males are generally smaller than females. Interestingly, newborn pups have a coat of long hair, which they will shed (脱落) within the first month
3、as the protective layer of their body is developed. Blue Whale Named for its blue-gray color, this huge animal may grow to be roughly 100 feet long and weigh more than 120 tons! A blue whale eats about 4 tons of krill (磷虾) per day during the feeding season! This means that about 40 million krill are
4、 eaten every day for six months by a blue whale! The tongue of the blue whale can be as big as a Volkswagen! The blue whale is the loudest animal on earth! Rockhopper Penguin One of the most beautiful penguins, the rockhopper shake their heads and cause their yellow eyebrows to fly into a halo in or
5、der to attract a mate! Wandering Albatross This species of albatross wanders the ocean for months at a time searching for food. It sleeps on the ocean surface at night and drinks sea water. The wandering albatross is the largest bird in the world in terms of the wing span一11 feet! Ross SealRoss seal
6、s are very rarely seen because they live deep within the pack ice. It is believed that Ross seals feed mainly on squid, fish and krill. They were named after the British polar explorer Sir James Ross, who first discovered them in 1840. Emperor Penguin Emperor penguins are the biggest of the 18 pengu
7、in species. They are flightless birds. They are the only living species to reproduce during the harsh Antarctic winter. Without a nest, the father emperor penguin keeps the egg warm by holding it on his feet for 23 months until spring, during which the father doesnt eat anything and he just eats a l
8、ittle snow for moisture. Unbelievable! What a Dad!1.We know from the 5th paragraph that the wandering albatross _.A. never touches the landB. is a good swimmer and flyerC. drinks fresh waterD. sleeps on boats2.According to the last paragraph, we can learn that _.A. there are 19 penguin species on ea
9、rthB. emperor penguins spend most of their time on land where they find foodC. penguins are birds with no wingsD. the mother emperor penguin lays one egg during the winter3.We know from the reading that _.A. a male Weddell seal is larger than a femaleB. rockhopper penguins are the most beautiful pen
10、guinsC. it is hard to see a Ross sealD. a blue whale eats about 4 tons of krill every dayB A Native American village in the U. S. state, Alaska, has voted to relocate its entire population of some 600 people due to the threat of rising seas. Shishmaref, located on a tiny island north of the Bering S
11、trait that separates the United States and Russia, is losing up to three meters of shoreline each year. It is one of dozens of old villages in Alaska that face growing threats of flooding and erosion due to global warming. Its residents, who are members of the Inupiat tribe, voted 89 to 78 to reloca
12、te, said Donna Barr. This is not the first time its residents have made such a decision. They voted in 2002 to relocate but that effort failed. Its not going to be the last time that the United States has to deal with communities severely threatened by climate change and impacts and whether or not t
13、hey can stay there, she said. In Shishmaref, Tommy Richter, pastor of the Lutheran Church, the islands only church, said the community was tom over leaving its heritage behind. There are people here who have been here for generations and dont want to leave at all, he said. The cost of relocation has
14、 been estimated at some $ 180 million, and authorities are seeking state and federal funding, according to local media. Where to relocate remains to be decided, the clerk said. Two sites on the mainland are being considered. Relocation could take more than ten years. The island, which is 18 square k
15、ilometers, lies five miles off the mainland. Its economy is based largely on fishing and hunting. Scientists attribute coastal erosion in Shishmaref to global warming that has thawed sea ice that once shielded the island from storm surges. Its layer of permanently frozen soil on which it is built, i
16、s melting as well. The village already has moved several homes and a National Guard Armory away from its coastline and built sea walls that have had limited success. Since 2014, more than 140 tribes and tribal organizations have gotten government funding to help address the impacts of global warming
17、, it said.1.The residents in Shishmaref voted to move because _.A.their village is being flooded every yearB.the shoreline of their island is disappearingC.they found less fish to be caught near the seaD.most people expected to lead a modem life2.The result of the votes suggests that some people _.A
18、.have no choice but to remain hereB.have no money to move to the mainlandC.realize the danger of global warmingD.are reluctant to leave their home3.What is problem with the relocation?A.The cost.B.The place.C.The weather.D.The transportation.4.What might be the most suitable title for the text?A.Cli
19、mate Change Influences an American VillageB.Alaska Village Relocates Due to Climate ChangeC.A Village Is Going to Move All Its VillagersD.Rising Sea Water Floods Away a Small VillageC The day will come when renewable energy such as wind, solar, geothermal and others replace fossil fuels as the major
20、 source of world energy. However, most analysts insist that this day will not arrive formany years to comecertainly well past the middle of the century. Systems of fossil fuels have already been firmly set up, and it is too costly or impractical to replace the existing systems with renewables. But t
21、here are good reasons to believe that the transition (转变) to renewables will come much faster than previously thought. It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slow transition from fossil fuels to renewables, given what is known about previous energy changes of this sor
22、t. Energy transitions take a long time, observed Vaclav Smil of the University of Manitoba in Scientific American. It took more than 50 years for coal to replace wood as the worlds leading source of energy and another 50 years for oil to replace coal; the change from fossil fuels to renewables, he a
23、rgued, is not likely to come any faster. Under ordinary circumstances, Smils forecast would no doubt prove accurate. But these are not ordinary times. Growing concern over climate change is leading to increasingly strict controls on CO2 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions(排放), while the develop
24、ment in renewables technology is lowering their price and speeding their installation. There are, of course, many difficulties in the effective control of carbon emissions, as demonstrated by coal companies to block the introduction of new rules by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Nevertheles
25、s, it is impossible to dismiss the progress being made at the local and international levels to promote the use of renewables. The European Union (EU), for example, is well on the way to achieving a 20% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2020, along with a 20% increase in the use of rene
26、wable energy. The transition to renewables will be faster due to dramatic improvements in the pricing and performance of such systems. As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems, together with the savings achieved through large-scale manufacture, the price of ren
27、ewables is falling globally. With prices dropping this fast, solar energy is now proving competitive with fossil fuels for generating electricity in many areas. The change from fossil fuels to renewable energy will not come overnight, and it will not escape many setbacks. Nevertheless, renewables ar
28、e likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid-century.1.Vaclav Smil believes that _.A.renewable energies are not very practicalB.the change to renewables will come slowlyC.systems of fossil fuels have been firmly set upD.there are many setbacks of renewable
29、energies2.We can learn from the passage that European Union _.A.has cut down half of the carbon emissionsB.has failed to find a way to reduce GHG emissionsC.is trying their best to encourage the use of renewablesD.tries to stop the introduction of new rules on renewables3.The renewables are more com
30、petitive because of _.A.their falling pricesB.the decline in coal industryC.international tradeD.the new rules on CO2 emission4.The author writes this passage in order to _.A.call on people to use less fossil fuelsB.give advice on how to promote renewablesC.argue that the energy transition will come
31、 soonerD.prove the renewables will be the major source of energyDBy the end of the century, if not sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Bec
32、ause of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing i
33、t in other spots, leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global cl
34、imate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MITs Center for Global Chan
35、ge Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in
36、some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing, she said, but the type of phytoplankton is changing.And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the
37、 base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive. Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coining decades will probably be too gradu
38、al and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change, Dutkiewicz said, but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our
39、 planet.1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.2. What does the underlined word vulnerable in Paragrap
40、h 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. Beneficial.C. Significant.D. Unnoticeable.3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D. Oce
41、ans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplank
42、ton.第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nowadays, with the development of economy and rise of the level of peoples living, more and more people have access to delicate gifts for each other._Wrapping paper waste has been on the rise. Try these suggestions for cutting do
43、wn the amount of wrapping paper you throw away.Reuse what you have.Wrapping paper has such a brief life span(跨度)that it can be reused many times._ Its estimated that the US produces 4. 6 million pounds of wrapping paper annually, and 2. 3 million pounds of that ends up in the trash. The remainder st
44、ays in peoples homes, awaiting reuse.Use different material.Who says you have to choose bright wrapping paper to decorate a present? Choose basic brown paper that can be decorated beautifully with a bow, ribbons, leaves or markers. Repurpose newspaper, old posters, and childrens school artwork as wr
45、apping paper. _Ask for better paper.Sellers stock what customers want, and recyclability should come first, so let that be known when youre out shopping. As explained by Simon Ellin, CEO of the Recycling Association, a trade body that represents about 90 waste management companies and paper merchant
46、s in the United Kingdom, Its a battle weve been in all year do you really need to design a non-paper wrapping paper?_ Shop with that in mind, too._Use baskets, fabric, gift boxes or bags, tea towels, and more to wrap your presents. Learn the Japanese art of furoshiki, using beautiful knots to fasten
47、 colorful, reusable fabrics in attractive ways. This way, youll have no wrapping paper waste to contend with.A. Try zero waste.B. Leave your gifts unwrapped.C. However, there is a problem.D. In fact, gifts are not so important.E. Make paper with recycling in mind.F. Its especially true if care is ta
48、ken to unwrap it without tearing.G. There are plenty of other delightful eco-friendly alternatives to wrapping paper.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last month, Koch went to make breakfast and found a(n) 1 guest using his pool. A large moose(驼鹿) was swimming in the deep end, 2 in the solar
