Unit2 topic talk&lesson1讲义（教师版+学生版）-（2022）新北师大版高中英语必修第一册.rar

1Unit2 Topic talk&Lesson1Topic Talk1athlete n运动员athletic adj运动的athletics n田径运动2 frequency n发生的频率，发生率frequent adj经常的 frequently adv频繁地；经常3prefer vt. 较喜欢，更喜欢preference n偏好，喜好preferable adj. 更可取的，更合适的4cycle vi骑自行车cyclist n骑自行车的人5bowling n保龄球 bowl n碗 v. (草地滚球戏或保龄球运动中)滚球，投球6balance nU,sing.均衡，平衡；U平衡能力balanced adj保持（或显示）平衡的8regularly adv经常；定期地regular adj规律的；规则的regulation n规则regulate vt约束；控制；管理Lesson 11inspiration n激励；灵感inspire vt鼓励；激励inspiring adj. 令人鼓舞的inspired adj. 感到鼓舞的2replacement n替换的人（物） replace vt代替3sharply adv严厉地，毫不客气地；猛烈地sharp adj急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的；adv（时间）整点sharpen vi& vt（使）变得锋利sharpener nC 磨具，削具4energy n精力，活力energetic adj有活力的5crowd n人群 crowded adj拥挤的6clap vt&vi鼓掌，拍手 clapping 现在分词 clap 过去式 clap 过去分词重点单词与短语精析重点单词与短语精析课标词课标词 高频词高频词1. prefer vt. 更喜欢，喜欢更喜欢，喜欢多于多于 (preferred , preferred , preferring)【用法归纳用法归纳】prefer doing sth./to do sth. 更喜欢做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事prefer A to B 与 B 相比更喜欢 A（to 为介词）prefer doing A to doing B 与做 B 相比更喜欢做 A2prefer to do A rather than (to) do B （=would rather do A than do B/would do A rather than do B）宁愿做某事而不愿做某事prefer + that 从句 希望/更喜欢（从句谓语常用“should +动词原形”，should 可以省略）We can eat out if you like, but I would prefer staying/ to stay in. 如果你愿意的话我们可以去外面吃饭，但我更倾向于待在家里。I prefer to walk there rather than go by car. =I would rather walk there than go by car.我宁愿步行去那儿而不愿开车去。They preferred the money (should) be used for building schools and hospitals. 他们更愿意拿这笔钱来建学校和医院。【注意】1. prefer 意为“更喜欢”，相当于 like better，因此不能再与比较级连用2. prefer 不能用于进行时3. 要注意区分 prefer 的搭配中 to 为不定式符号还是介词【拓展拓展】词性拓展词性拓展preferable adj. 更可取的，更合适的preference n. C,U偏好，喜好；C偏爱的事物，最喜爱的东西 have a preference for sth. 偏爱某物 in preference to 而不是语境串记I prefer the preferable suggestion you mentioned in the book in preference to the words you told me yesterday. 我更喜欢你在书中提到的那个更可取的建议，而不是你昨天告诉我的那些话。【练习】语法填空(浙江高考单项填空改编) We most prefer saying/to say (say) yes to the requests of someone we know and like.They prefer to put (put) off the birthday party till next Sunday rather than (to) hold (hold)it without the presence of their manager.(浙江高考单项填空改编) People develop a preference for a particular style of learning at an early age and these preferences affect learning. (prefer)I am busy preparing for the final examination. I prefer that you (should) come (come) tomorrow rather than today.I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.I cant say which type of tea tastes better. Its just a matter of personal preference prefer.(2018江苏阅读理解改编) Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay (stay) longer and spend.2. rather than【用法归纳用法归纳】rather than 意为“而不是”，常用于连接平行结构，它连接的并列成分可以是动词、动词不定式、名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、v-ing 或句子等。He is a sailor rather than an explorer.他是一个海员，而不是一个探险者。(连接两个名词)3He is kind- hearted rather than foolish. 他是好心，而不是傻。(连接两个形容词)He asked me how I found the hole rather than how I escaped. 他问我是怎样发现这个洞的，而不是问我怎样逃出来的。(连接两个句子)【注意】l. rather than 连接两个不定式时连接两个不定式时，后一个不定式常省略 to，但 rather than 位于句首句首时，跟不带 to 的动词不定式。He wanted to swim rather than play volleyball.他想去游泳,而不是打排球。Rather than stay here, I prefer to leave. 我宁愿离开也不愿待在这里。2. rather than 连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致，即“就就远原则远原则”。具有相同用法的词语还有 as well as, with, besides 等。You rather than I are going to go camping. 要去野营的是你，而不是我。The father rather than the brothers is responsible for the accident. 为这起事故负责的是那个父亲，而不是那些兄弟。【练习】语法填空1.(浙江高考单项填空改编) Facing up to your problems rather than running (run) away from them is the best approach to working things out. 2.(2020四川省南充高级中学月考)I prefer to stay at home all night to make up the lost time rather than watch (watch) TV programs. 3. You rather than your sister are (be) to run the shop after your parents retire.4.(安徼高考单项填空改编) What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working (work).3. diet【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)n. C,U日常饮食；日常饮食；C规定饮食规定饮食 (为健康或减肥等目的为健康或减肥等目的)a balanced/ healthy diet 一种均衡/健康的饮食be on a diet 节食(表状态)go on a diet 节食(表动作)To keep healthy, we must have a balanced diet. 为了保持健康，我们必须有一个均衡的饮食。4My sister is on a diet, but she cant resist the temptation of sweet food. 我的姐姐在节食，但她抵制不住甜食的诱惑。Many people have come to realize that they should go on a diet and spare some time for exercise in their daily life.很多人都已经开始意识到在日常生活中他们应该节食并抽出一些时间锻炼。(2) v.节食，进行规定饮食节食，进行规定饮食Shes always dieting but she never seems to lose any weight.她总是在节食，但体重好像从未减少。【练习】完成句子1.(2020黑龙江哈三中期末) He must be on a diet (节食). He looks much thinner than he used to be.2. Plants need water and sunlight to grow well. Similarly, healthy body requires a balanced diet (均衡的饮食).3. As a matter of fact, you cant expect to lose weight simply by going on a diet/ dieting .(节食)4. make it 【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)获得成功获得成功The little boy tried more than once and made it at last. 小男孩试了不止一次，终于成功了。(2)能够出席能够出席(或到场或到场)。后接宾语时需加介词。后接宾语时需加介词 to。Nice to see you. Im glad you could make it. 见到你真好。我很高兴你能来。Im afraid I cant make it to the meeting tomorrow. 恐怕我明天不能出席会议了。(3)(尤指在困难情况下尤指在困难情况下)准时到达，赶上。准时到达，赶上。后接宾语时常带有介词 to，后面的宾语通常是表示地点的名词。The flight leaves in twenty minuteswe will never make it. 再过二十分钟飞机就起飞了，我们无论如何也赶不上了。For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.然而，对于许多到了道森的人来说，这趟艰难的旅程是值得的。(2018全国卷)【练习】判断下列句子中 make it 的含义What a strong wind I dont think we will make it to the airport on time. 准时到达 After so many years of hard work in the field of music, she finally made it. 获得成功 5Im really sorry that I wont be able to make it on Sunday after all. 能够出席(或到场) 5. try out for 参加选拔(或试演)【用法归纳用法归纳】 These teams are going to try out for the Olympic Games 这些队伍要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔赛。She is trying out for the school play.她正在参加学校戏剧演员甄选。【拓展】try 构成的其他短语：try on 试穿 try for 力争赢得 try out (on sb.) 测试，试验，试用(某人)try ones best 尽某人最大的努力【练习】用 try 的相关短语完成句子While he tried out for the freshman basketball team in high school, Michael didnt make it as a member.The boys dream was to have his own laboratory to try out some of his own ideas.Why not try on that suit to see if it matches your shirt?5. desire【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)n. 愿望，渴望，欲望愿望，渴望，欲望have a desire for/ to do sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事He has a strong desire to join the army. 他非常渴望参军。His desire is that he (should) visit the Great Wall someday.他的愿望是有一天能参观长城。(2)v. 渴望，期望，想望渴望，期望，想望desire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事desire + that 从句从句希望6We always desire to live in peace with our neighbors.我们一直希望能与我们的邻居和睦相处。She desires that he (should) come at once. She desires him to come at once. 他想让他马上过来。【注意】当 desire (意为“渴望，期望”)作动词后接宾语从句，以及 desire 作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。He desires that his book (should) reach as many people as possible.他期望他的书能引起尽可能多的人的注意。语境串记 My daughter is now a senior high school student. She desires/has a desire that she (should) be admitted to a famous university. Besides, she has a strong desire to major in English while I desire her to study medicine in the future. But now she desires to have a good time in the coming summer holiday. 我的女儿现在是一名高中生。她渴望被一所著名的大学录取。此外，她非常渴望主修英语，而我希望她将来学医。但是现在她渴望在即将到来的暑假中过得愉快。【练习】语法填空(2020厦门福建校级月考)Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed (succeed). Fashion is a competitive and hard business where peoples desire for new ideas is hard to satisfy.Actually, all of us desire to achieve (achieve) success, but sometimes our actions dont correspond with(与一致) what we desire.We desire that immediate help (should) be given (give) to the local villagers who have been suffering from the rising floodwater.2.单句写作那位老妇人希望她的女儿时常来看她。(desire)The old woman desires her daughter to come and see her from time to time. 或 The old woman desires that her daughter(should)visit her now and then. 6. pay off【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)取得成功，奏效。为不及物动词短语。取得成功，奏效。为不及物动词短语。With the help of a lot of people, our plan paid off.在很多人的帮助下，我们的计划成功了。7All his efforts have paid off and his dream has come true.他所有的努力都得到了回报，他的梦想实现了。(2)付清，偿清；付清工资后解雇，遣散。为及物动词短语。付清，偿清；付清工资后解雇，遣散。为及物动词短语。The poor couple worked hard day and night in order to pay off their debts. 这对可怜的夫妇日夜努力工作以偿清债务。【拓展】pay 构成的其他短语pay back 还钱；报复 pay for.支付的钱；为付出代价【练习】结合 pay 的相关短语完成句子Our teachers often tell us that every minute we spend on studying will finally pay off in the near future.J.K. Rowling spent many hours in a warm cafe because she had no money to pay for the heating at home.高频短语7. keep up with【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)跟上，与跟上，与齐步前进齐步前进I had to walk fast to keep up with him. 我要快走才能跟上他。Jack is having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class. 杰克很难跟上班里的其他同学。(2)与与(某人某人)保持联系保持联系She still kept up with her classmates after graduation. 毕业后她仍然与她的同班同学保持联系。【拓展】keep 构成的其他短语：keep off (sb./sth.)让开，不接近；使不接近keep away (from) 远离，避免接近keep on (doing sth.) 继续(做某事)keep sth. back抑制(或阻止)感情等的流露【练习】用 keep 的相关短语完成句子Today the students in the countryside should have easy access to computers to keep up with the modern times.Proper physical exercise enables the youth to work effectively and to keep away from disease.Deeply moved by the play, she could hardly keep back her tears.8earn ones/a living 短语中的 ones 和 a 不能换成 the，且 living只能用单数形式。8. earn【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)vt. 赢得，博得赢得，博得earn sb. sth.为某人赢得某物earn a reputation赢得声誉earn the respect/ trust of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬/信任His outstanding ability earned him a place on the team. 他非凡的能力为他在队中赢得了一席之地。Your efforts will earn you a good reputation.你的努力将会为你赢得佳誉。As a teacher, she had earned the respect of the students.作为教师，她赢得了学生们的尊敬。(2)vt.&vi. 挣得，赚得挣得，赚得earn money(= make money)赚钱，挣钱earn/ones living(= make a/ones living)谋生My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.我爷爷说去年夏天他们靠卖鱼赚了很多钱。(2018全国 I 卷)The boy wanted to earn some pocket money by selling newspapers. 这个男孩想通过卖报纸赚一些零花钱。She earns her living by teaching at a language school. 她靠在语言学校教书维持生计。【练习】用 earn 的相关短语完成句子他决定通过买卖东西来赚钱。He decided to earn money by buying and selling things. 他现在靠写小说谋生。He now earns his/a living by writing novels.重点句型分析重点句型分析1. Bogues was only1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.9博格斯身高只有一米六，是 NBA 历史上最矮的球员。【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. 主句 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句【考点提炼考点提炼】which 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句(1)非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去也不会影响主句的意思，它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。(2) which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是指物的单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子或其中的一部分。(3) which 引导非限制性定语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分，且不能省略。(4) which 引导非限制性定语从句时，不能换成 that。Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，它是关于第二次世界大战的。(which 指代的是 a very good film, 且在从句中作主语)The manager said nothing, which made him tenser still.经理什么也没说，这使他更加紧张。( which 指代的是前面的整个句子，且在从句中作主语)These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。( which 指代的是 apple trees，且在从句中作宾语)She is an artist, which I am not.她是一位艺术家，而我不是。(which 指代的是 an artist，且在从句中作表语)【练习】语法填空(2019全国卷阅读理解改编)During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.(2018北京单项填空改编) She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.(2017全国卷短文改错改编)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.102. The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by10 points. 最后一节即将开始，我们队还落后 10 分。【考点提炼考点提炼】 be about to do sth.be about to do sth. 表示“将要做某事”，一般不与具体的表示将来的时间状语连用。常用于“be about to do.when.”结构，意为“正要做，这时(突然)”。The train is about to leave.火车就要开走了。She was about to leave when the teacher came in.她刚要离开，这时老师进来了。【练习】语法填空As I was about to give (give) up hope, a man driving a dirty old car came to my aid.We were about to climb up to the top of the mountain when it began to rain heavily.3. “I dont think I can play anymore, coach,”I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.“教练，我觉得我没法再打了，”当医生将冰袋放在我的膝盖上时，我轻声说。【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：“I dont think I can play anymore, coach,” I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.省略 that 的宾语从句，此处用了否定转移 as 引导的时间状语从句【考点提炼考点提炼】as 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句as 引导时间状语从句时，意为“随着，当时”，强调主从句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。As she grew older, she gained confidence.随着年龄的增长她的信心增强了。We all cheered as we watched the national flag rising in the Olympic Games on TV. 在电视上看到国旗在奥运会会场上升起的时候，我们都欢呼起来。【注意】as 意为“随着”时，意思同 with，但 with 为介词，后面不能跟从句。试比较：随着时间的流逝，他的记忆力似乎越来越差。As time goes by, his memory seems to get worse.With time going by, his memory seems to get worse.11【练习】单句写作随着中国的发展，汉语变得越来越重要。As China develops, Chinese is becoming more and more important. 或 With the development of China, Chinese is becoming more and more important.4. “Well，”said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder, “youve just earned your place on the team, big guy!”“嗯，”教练一边拍着保罗的肩膀一边说，“你已经为自己赢得了球队中的位置，大个子!”【句式剖析】本句中的 as 引导时间状语从句，hit Paul on the shoulder 属于“动词+sb. +介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”结构，该结构用来表示接触某人身体的某一部位。【考点提炼】“动词+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”结构该结构中，若身体部位不同，介词也不同，其具体用法如下： 拍，打：pat, strike, hit, beat抓：catch, seize, grasp, hold拉，牵：pull, takein + the + 柔软的部位(如 face, eye, leg 等)on + the + 坚硬的部位(如 head, shoulder, back 等)by + the + 可牵拉的部位(如 hand, arm, ear 等)Dont hit him in the face.不要打他的脸。The angry father caught his son by the arm.那个生气的父亲拽住了儿子的胳膊。The naughty boy hit the man on the nose.那个淘气的男孩儿打中了那个人的鼻子。【练习】单句写作小男孩挽着奶奶的胳膊，带她过了马路。The little boy took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street. 一个苹果从树上掉下来砸在他的头上。An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head. 在泰国，你不能碰别人的头，即使是意外。In Thailand, you mustnt touch someone on the head , even by accident.+sb. +125. What do you think the coach might have learnt from his experiences with Paul?你认为教练可能从保罗的经历中学到什么?【句式剖析】本句为特殊疑问句，句中“might have learnt”为“情态动词+have done”结构。【考点提炼考点提炼】“情态动词情态动词+ have done”结构结构(1) should/ ought to have done 表示“本来应该做本来应该做(但实际上未做但实际上未做)”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式 should not/ought not to have done 表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。You are late again. You should have come earlier.你又迟到了，你本应该早点来的。You should have gone to the concert with us yesterday. What a pity!你昨天本该和我们一起去听音乐会的。太遗憾了!(2) must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定做过”，只用于肯定句。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。(3)can/ could have done 用于表示对过去情况的推测，意为“可能做了某事”，一般用于疑问句和否定句(could have done 还可用于肯定句，表示“本可以做而未做”)；其否定形式 cant/couldnt have done sth.表示“过去不可能做了某事”，表示一种非常有把握的推测。There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯光，他们可能出去了吗?Mr Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能够通过考试的，但是他太粗心了。(4)may/ might have done 表示对过去情况不肯定的推测，意为“过去可能做了某事”。You may have read about it in the newspapers.你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。(5) neednt have done 表示“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”，一般不用 need have done 的形式。You neednt have told me the news. I have already known it.你本不必告诉我这个消息的。我已经知道了。【练习】1.语法填空Oh, I just missed the last bus back home.Thats really bad. Im sure you could have caught (catch) it, but you just didnt hurry up.13(2019江苏阅读理解改编) At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown (blow) up with a violence far beyond the scale (规模) of anything known to humans.Is it Mr Smith?There isnt any Mr Smith here. You must have d