（2020）新北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit2 lesson 3-讲义（教师版+学生版）.rar

1选择性必修一选择性必修一 Unit2 Lesson31extreme n极端；极度；极限 adj极端的；极度的；偏激的 extremely adv极度，极其2academic adj学术的academy n学院；学会3skip vt不做(本来应该做的事)；蹦跳着走 skipped 过去式 skipped 过去分词 skipping 现在分词4defensive adj戒备的，自卫的defence n. 保卫，保护defend v. 防守；防护；辩护5length n长度long adj长的lengthen v(使)变长；延长6injured adj受伤的injury n伤害，损害injure vt伤害，损害7normal adj正常的，平常的 abnormal adj反常的重点单词与短语精析重点单词与短语精析课标词课标词 高频词高频词1.ruin【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)vt. 毁坏，破坏，糟蹋；使破产（或失去地位等）毁坏，破坏，糟蹋；使破产（或失去地位等）ruin ones health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途This mistake ruined his chance of getting the job. 这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。Cheap imports are ruining many businesses. 廉价的进口商品正在毁掉许多企业。(2) n.U 毁坏，毁灭；毁坏，毁灭；Cpl. 废墟，残垣断壁废墟，残垣断壁 in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪 fall into ruin 衰落，败落When they returned to the hometown the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.第二天回到家乡的时候，他们发现他们的街区变成了废墟。A large number of schools fell into ruin after the war. 战争过后，许多学校都毁了。辨析比较 ruin/destroy/damage2易混词易混词区别区别英语释义英语释义ruin强调“毁坏，毁灭”，使美好的事物失去优良的特性或特征，且不能恢复。to damage sth. or have a completely negative effect on it so that it is no longer at all successful, enjoyable or usefuldestroy多指彻底的、毁灭性的破坏，含不能或很难修复的意味。也可指毁掉一个人。to damage sth. so badly that it no longer exists, works；to kill an animaldamage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成价值降低、功能破坏等后果，含仍可能修复的意味，也可指对健康等带来不良影响。to cause physical harm to sth. , making it less attractive, useful or valuable; to have a bad effect on sb.s life, health, happiness or chances of success【练习】1.语法填空Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area in ruins.She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her company fell into ruin and she finally decided tofind a new job.We visited the ruins of the Summer Palace last winter. It was ruined by foreign invaders(侵略者).(ruin)2.单句写作这场雨毁了我们的假期。我们不得不改变计划。 (ruin)The rain ruined our holiday.We had to change our plans. 3.选词填空：destroy/ruin/damageConstantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck.Data shows that more and more rainforests have been destroyed in recent years.I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit got ruined .2. boil down to【用法归纳用法归纳】boil down to (局势、问题等)归结为，基本问题是(to 是介词)In the end, what it all boils down to is time, or the lack of it.问题的症结是时间，或者是缺乏时间。It boils down to a question of priorities. 这归根到底是事情轻重缓急的问题。3【拓展】相关词语积累：boil sth. down（to sth.）概括，归纳，压缩近义 come down to sth.可归结为，可归纳为The original speech I had written got boiled down to about ten minutes.我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。What it comes down to is, either I go there alone or you accompany me there.归结起来就是：要么我自己去那里，要么你陪我去。【练习】语法填空It boils down to one question whether you really have full confidence.It boils down to how fast a machine can perform an operation.Our choices boil down to staying (stay) here or leaving here.3. length【用法归纳用法归纳】(1) n.C游泳池长度游泳池长度(一端至另一端的距离）一端至另一端的距离）She does at least 20 lengths a day.她每天在游泳池里至少游 10 个来回。(2) n.C,U长，长度；长，长度；(持续持续)时间的长短时间的长短 in length 在长度上I always had the feeling that she was keeping me at arms length. 我一直感觉她在跟我保持一定距离。The biggest dolphin can measure four metres in length but common dolphins are usually less than two metres long.最大的海豚体长可达四米，但普通海豚体长通常不到两米。【拓展】(1)与 length 相关的短语：at length 最后；详尽地，长时间At length, the day came on which we were to leave. 终于到了我们要走的那一天。We have already discussed this matter at length.我们已经详尽地讨论了这个问题。4(2)词性拓展：long adj长的 length nC游泳池长度；C, U长度，时间的长短 lengthen v(使)变长；延长与“longlengthlengthen”变形相似的还有：wide adj.宽的width n.宽度widen v.变宽deep adj.深的depth n.深(度)deepen v.加强strong adj.强壮的一 strength n. 力量strengthen v.加强broad adj.宽阔的一 breadth n. 宽度broaden v.变宽【练习】1.语法填空The selfie stick(自拍杆) is a hand-held pole which allows users to take a photo of themselves from greater thanarms length （long）.If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth (deep) and variety.(江苏高考单项填空改编) The publication of Great Expectations，which was both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened (strength) Dickens status as a leading novelist.2.完成句子公共汽车终于来了，晚了四十分钟。At length , the bus arrived forty minutes late.这房间长 15 英尺，宽 10 英尺。The room is 15 in length and 10 feet in width .4.apply oneself to 致力于致力于/专心于专心于 (to 是介词)【用法归纳用法归纳】Every time I see him, he is always applying himself to his work.每次我见到他的时候，他总在全身心地工作。5Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.在接下来的几个月里，他专心致志地改进这项技术。【拓展】相关词语积累：apply (1)vi.& vt.申请；请求申请；请求apply (to.) for. (向)申请apply to do sth. 申请做某事Im applying for a part-time job at a company in my city during the summer vacation.我正在申请我市一家公司的暑期兼职工作。He applied to learn composition from the well-known musician.他申请跟这位著名音乐家学习作曲。(2)vt.应用，使用；努力学习，勤奋工作应用，使用；努力学习，勤奋工作apply sth. to. 把某物应用于be applied to. 被应用于（to 为介词）We should apply new words to spoken and written English.我们应该把新单词应用到英语口语和写作中去。The new technology has been applied to farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题的办法。(3)vt. 涂（油漆、乳剂）涂（油漆、乳剂）Apply the cream evenly over the skin.将乳霜均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。(4)vi.（对（对）适用，有效）适用，有效apply to.对适用The rule applies to everyone in our school.该规定对我们学校里的所有人都适用。【练习】1.判断下列句子中 apply 的含义By the time I saw the job advertised it was already too late to apply. 申请 He wants a job in which he can apply his foreign languages. 应用，使用 6Apply the cream to exposed areas every three hours and after swimming. 涂(油漆、乳剂）You can solve any problem if you apply yourself to it.努力学习，勤奋工作2.语法填空We should apply theory to practice; otherwise, it is no use.(2020广东揭阳期末) The person who wants to apply for the position will be expected to have a good command of English.If you apply yourself to the job in hand, youll finish it soon.Recently, he has applied himself to doing (do) research and writing papers.5.average【用法归纳用法归纳】(1) adj.普通的；平均的；正常的普通的；平均的；正常的An average student can be excellent by hard work. 通过刻苦学习，一名普通的学生也可以变得优秀。As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. 随着人口平均年龄的增长,有越来越多的老人需要照顾。Forty hours is a fairly average working week for most people.对大多数人来说，一周工作四十小时是相当正常的。(2) n. C,U平均数；平均水平，一般水准平均数；平均水平，一般水准an average of平均为on average平均来看above/below average高于/低于平均水平The boats remain at sea for an average of ten days at a time. 这些船只平均每次在海上待 10 天。How many cupcakes does your shop sell daily on average？你店里平均每天卖出多少个纸杯蛋糕？His grade is above average in the class.他的成绩在班里中等以上。(3)linking verb 平均为；平均为；vt.算出算出的平均数的平均数The rainfall there averages 300mm a year. 那里的年平均降雨量为三百毫米。7【练习】1.判断下列句子中 average 的词性及含义An average adult man burns 1,500 to 2,000 calories per day. adj. 普通的 Mr Smiths salary is below average in his company, which makes him upset. n平均水平 The water in the lake is not particularly deep, averaging about 12 metres. linking verb 平均为 2.用 average 的相关短语完成句子Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 above average .The person who works with a messy(凌乱的) desk spends, on average , one and a half hours per day in looking for things.6.normal【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)adj.正常的，一般的；精神正常的，意识健全的正常的，一般的；精神正常的，意识健全的It is normal（for sb./sth.）to do sth.(对某人/某物而言)做某事是正常的。under normal circumstances 一般情况下It is normal to feel tired after such a long trip.这样的长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。Under normal circumstances, I go to sleep at 10 p.m.一般情况下，我晚上 10 点睡觉。(2)n.U一般水平，常态一般水平，常态above/below normal 通常标准之上/之下bring. back to normal 使恢复正常return to normal 恢复正常The rainfall is below normal for this time of year. 一年中这个时期的降雨量低于正常水平。It took us a lot of time to bring everything back to normal after the earthquake.地震后，我们花了很长时间让一切恢复正常。【辨析比较】normal/ordinary/common/usualabnormal adj.反常的；变态的8易混词易混词区别区别normal正常的，一般的。指行为、特征符合常态、常规。ordinary平常的，普通的。强调“平常”，无出奇之处。common常见的，共同的。具有多数人/事物共有的特征，因常见而显得平常。usual通常的，惯常的。侧重说明行为的经常性。As usual, I got up at 7 a.m. and another ordinary day began. I had to go to work. It was common that the bus was crowded and no wonder many people went to work by electric motorcycle.像往常一样，我早上 7点起床，又一个平常的日子开始了。我必须去上班。公共汽车通常很拥挤，难怪许多人骑电动摩托车去上班。【练习】1.完成句子When I took his temperature, it was 2 above normal (通常标准之上).The government has taken some measures to reconstruct the earthquake-hit areas, but it will be some time before theyreturn to normal (恢复正常).2.选词填空：common/usual/normal/ordinary(2019北京阅读理解改编)Meanwhile, with her parents help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life.(2018北京单项填空改编) Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria(细菌) effectively.(2019浙江阅读理解七选五改编) Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.Despite the heavy snow yesterday, everybody in the company went about their daily tasks as usual .7.let alone【用法归纳用法归纳】let alone 表示“更不用说”，一般用于句中，连接两个句子，有进一步比较之意。There isnt enough room for us, let alone any guests.连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。Protecting the environment is a challenge, let alone improving it. 保护环境是一项挑战，更别说要改善环境了。【拓展】相关词语积累：let/leave sb. alone 不打扰，不惊动let/leave sth. alone 不碰，不变动，不移动9She asked to be left alone but the press photographers followed her everywhere.她要求别打扰她，但是摄影记者到处都跟着她。Leave the cakes alone.Theyre for the guests.别动那些蛋糕，那是给客人的。【练习】语法填空With one leg broken in that car accident, he can not walk, let alone run.The country does not yet have enough electricity for itself, let alone for export.8.rank【用法归纳用法归纳】(1)vt. & vi. 把把分等级，属于某等级；分等级，属于某等级；vt. 排列，使排成行排列，使排成行rank.as. 把视为top-ranked players 一流的选手At the height of her career she (was) ranked second in the world.在她事业的顶峰时期，她排名世界第二位。Critics rank him as a first-class painter. 批评家们把他视为一流画家。Cups were ranked neatly on the shelf. 杯子整齐地排列在架子上。(2)n. U,C(尤指较高的尤指较高的)地位，级别；军阶，军衔，地位，级别；军阶，军衔，sing.等级；等级；C(警察，士兵等的警察，士兵等的)队列，行列队列，行列people of high social rank 社会地位高的人a painter of the first rank 一流的画家He is an officer of senior rank. 他是个有高级军阶的军官。This country is no longer in the front rank of world powers.这个国家再也不是位于前列的世界强国。She was not used to associating with people of high social rank. 她不习惯和社会地位很高的人交往。They watched as ranks of marching soldiers passed the window. 他们看着士兵列队从窗前走过。【练习】单句写作这个地区的风景在我国名列前茅。10The scenery in this area ranks among the best in my country.他被视为当代最伟大的钢琴家之一。He is ranked as one of the greatest pianists today.这个男孩决心要成为像袁隆平那样的一流科学家。The boy determined to become a scientist of the first rank like Yuan Longping.上学期她在网球比赛中名列第一。She (was) ranked first in the tennis competition last term.重点句型分析重点句型分析1.Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is Im applying myself to.你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。【句型分析】本句为并列复合句，句子结构分析如下：Call it unhealthy if you want， 第一分句：if 引导条件状语从句，其对应的主句为祈使句 but并列连词that is the way I roll, no matter what it is Im applying myself to.第二分句：way 后为省略了关系词的定语从句 no matter what 引导的让步状语从句【考点提炼】(一)way 后接定语从句的用法way 作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句时有两种情况：(1)当 way 后面的从句缺少状语时，用 that/in which 引导；用 that 引导时，that 可以省略。The way (that) he explained the question was quite simple.(= The way in which he explained the question was quite simple.)他解释那个问题的方法很简单。(2)当 way 后面的从句缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用 that/which(作宾语时关系词可省略，作主语时不可省略)。The way (that/which) he told us was quite effective.他告诉我们的那个方法很有效。(关系词在从句中作宾语)11The way that/which was thought up by him was similar to Toms.他想出的这个方法和汤姆的类似。(关系词在从句中作主语)【拓展】way(方式，方法)后接定语还有以下两种形式：way to do sth.做某事的方法way of doing sth.做某事的方法Recycling is one way of protecting/to protect the environment.回收利用是保护环境的一种方法。(二)“no matter +特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句(1)no matter 与 what/who/when/where/how 等特殊疑问词连用，可引导让步状语从句，表示“无论，不管”No matter what he did,his parents supported him.不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。No matter how difficult the problem is, well overcome it.不管这个问题有多难，我们都会解决。(2)whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however 也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“无论，不管”Whoever asks him for help, he is always ready to help.不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。He is a very determined man.Whatever problems he meets, he never gives up.他是一个意志非常坚定的人。他无论遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。(3)引导让步状语从句时，no matter what/who/when/where/how 可分别与whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however 互换。Now, the photo is still hanging on the wall of my bedroom.No matter when ( =Whenever) I look at it, I couldnt help thinking of my friend. 现在那张照片还挂在我卧室的墙上。每当我看到它,我都禁不住想起我的朋友。【练习】1.语法填空(2019北京阅读理解七选五改编) Most people believe the best way to build (build) a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.The way that/which was offered by him to do the experiment was different from the way that you carried it out.2.单句写作我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。I dont like the way (that) you talk to your mother. 或 I dont like the way in which you talk to your mother.123.用适当的特殊疑问词(+-ever)填空No matter how difficult it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society.(2020天津滨海新区校级月考) Whatever problems you may have, you should gather your courage to face them.Wherever Angela goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.4.同义句转换Whenever you come, I will welcome you.No matter when you come , I will welcome you.No matter where you go, Ill go with you.Wherever you go , Ill go with you.Whatever the result is,we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best.No matter what the result is , we should accept it with smile, because we have tried our best.基础练知识巩固基础练知识巩固 建议时间：建议时间：25 分钟分钟一、单词拼写一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词用本部分所学单词)1.Vocabulary is the basic element of a language. Thoughts and concepts are expressed through it.2.The loss of glaciers due to global warming represents an enormous threat to the island states in the world.3.The room he has just rented is about 9 metres in length and 3 metres in width.4.Talent shows can provide a platform for people who want to stand in the spotlight.5.(2020天津阅读理解改编)After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performancecuriosity and discontent.6.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think is the most important woman of the past 100 years？7. (2019北京语法填空改编)The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic (学术的) life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源).8.The stress and intensity (强度) of the work left little room for personal grief or anxiety.9.(2020全国卷阅读理解七选五改编)Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined (毁坏) an entire day？1310.(2020江苏阅读理解改编)The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip (不做)eating first.11. Like their parents, children are often defensive (戒备的) about their private lives.12.A pocket dictionary doesnt contain enough entries (条目)13.(2019天津阅读理解改编)However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless (无数的) ways.14.(2020全国卷语法填空改编) The next morning he hired (租用)a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.15.The water is boiling (沸腾) and is too hot. Pour it from one cup to another repeatedly to cool it.二、语法填空。在空白处填入二、语法填空。在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2020福建厦门外国语学校检测) In the earthquake, the large city lay in ruins within terrible 15 seconds.2.If you go on drinking like this, one day your family will be ruined (ruin).3.(2020 江苏阅读理解改编) Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped (skip) breakfast than when th