1、Unit 5 Humans and NatureLesson 1 A Sea Story1. crowded be crowded with 充满，满是crowd n. 人群，一伙人a crowd of 大量，许多，大批crowd v. 拥挤；聚集；挤满，挤进练习：The studio was _ with visitor.crowded 2. comment comment on/ upon 评论，对提意见make comments on/ about sth. 评论某事have a comment 有意见要发表pass (a) comment 发表看法without comment 不必多
2、说；未做解释No comment. 无可奉告练习：Do you have any _?comment 3. survive survive on (以) 维持生命A survives B A 比B活得长survive +宾语 幸免于survive sb. byyear(s) 比某人多活了年survival n. 幸存，幸免survivor n. 幸存者，生还者练习：These animals may not _ the winter.survive 4. risk risk sth. to do sth. 冒着失去某物的危险做某事risk sth. on sth. 在某方面冒着失去某物的危险r
3、isk doing sth. 冒险做某事 (risk 接动名词做宾语)increase the risk of 增加的危险a major health/ fire risk 健康/ 火灾的一大隐患4. risk at risk 处境危险；遭受危险at the risk of doing sth. 冒着做某事的危险run the risk of doing sth. 冒着做某事的风险take a risk/ take risks 冒险练习：Dont _ your health to smoke.risk 5. cover be covered with 被覆盖着from cover to cov
4、er 从头到尾under the cover of 在的掩护下，趁着练习：He laughed to _ his nervousness.cover 6. horrible a horrible dream 噩梦have a horrible feeling 有种很不好的感觉a horrible smell 极难闻的气味horrify v. 使恐惧；使厌恶horror n. 恐惧；厌恶horribly adv. 可怕地练习：What a _ thing!horrible 7. calm stay/ keep/ remain calm 保持镇静calm down 平静下来calm oneself
5、 down 使某人自己平静下来练习：He tried to keep _ under pressure.calm 8. curious be curious about sth. 对某事好奇be curious to do sth. 很想做某事Its curious that 奇怪的是curiously adv. 好奇地curiosity n. 好奇心；好奇；珍品练习：Dont be too _ about things.curious 9. observationobserve v. 观察，遵守（规则、法律等），庆祝observer n. 观察者，观测者，遵守者observatory n.
6、天文台，气象台，瞭望台observe sth. 观察某事observe sb. do sth. 看见/ 注意到某人做某事observe sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事observe that. 遵守练习：She has outstanding powers of _. observation10. equalbe equal to 相等；胜任be equal in sth. 在某方面相等A equals B in. A在方面比得上Bwithout equal = have no equal 无与伦比，无敌，无比练习：He is _ to the position.equal1
7、1. escape escape from prison 越狱escape serious injury 未受重伤escape the summer heat 避暑escape ones attention/ notice 逃过某人的注意；被某人忽视make ones escape 逃脱an escape route 逃跑路线11. escape escape from/ out of 逃离escape doing sth. 避免做某事escape ones lips 脱口而出the date/ name/ title escapes sb. 某人记不起某个日期/ 姓名/ 标题have a n
8、arrow escape 九死一生练习：He was lucky to _ punishment.escape 12. recognise recognise ones voice 听出某人的声音lrecognise sb./ sth. by. 通过认出某人/ 某物I recognised him by his red hair.recognise that/ what/ how +从句 意识到/ 承认recognize as/ to be 承认/ 认为是12. recognise be recognised as 被认为是，被公认为It is recognised that. 人们意识到re
9、cognisable adj. 容易认出的，易于识别的recognition n. 认识，认出；认可beyond/ out of recognition (变得) 认不出来练习：I can _ him by his clothes.recognise 13. in the direction ofin ones direction 朝某人的方向in all directions 向四面八方in the opposite direction 在相反的方向under ones direction= under the direction of sb. 在某人的指导下练习：Lets go _ the
10、 building.in the direction of14. turn ones back onturn ones back 背对turn a deaf ear to 对充耳不闻；置若罔闻turn ones nose up at 瞧不起；轻视练习：Dont _ them when you are rich.turn your back onDo you know any stories about people and the sea? Look at the pictures below. Use the words and phrases below to describe the p
11、ictures. ACTIVATE AND SHAREExample A fisherman is trying to survive a storm.a fisherman a fishing boat a whirlpool wavesto escape to survive a storm to float wildYou are going to read a text adapted from the short story A Descent into the Maelstrm. Read the fact file on the right. Answer the questio
12、ns.1. What is a Moskoe-strom?It is a system of tidal whirlpools in the Norwegian Sea.2. Who wrote the story?Edgar Allan Poe wrote the story.3. What do you think will happen in the story?Read the text. Discuss the questions.1. Who are the main characters in the story?The main characters are the fishe
13、rman and his brothers.2. Who is telling the story?The fisherman is telling the story.Read the text. Discuss the questions.3. When and where did the story happen?This story happened about three years ago in the sea.4. What effect did the terrible experience have on the storyteller?It broke his body a
14、nd soul./ It took less than a single day to change his hair from black to white.Read the story again. Complete the information in the boxes. Then add the storytellers feelings during each situation.When we were coming back from the islands, the sky _. Then a huge wave _and my younger brother _. My e
15、lder brother _ Moskoe-strom!was covered with dark cloudscovered our boatfell into the seacried outThe storytellers feelings: _The storyteller was frightened.Read the story again. Complete the information in the boxes. Then add the storytellers feelings during each situation.The wind and the waves ca
16、rried us _. Then, we were _ it. Suddenly, we _.towards the direction of the whirlpoolon the edge ofwent over the edgeThe storytellers feelings: _The storyteller was hopeless.Read the story again. Complete the information in the boxes. Then add the storytellers feelings during each situation.The boat
17、 was on the inside of _ and we were going round _.After I made three important observations, I tied myself to _. I tried to make my brother _, but he was _.the huge whirlpoolin circles at great speeda barrel to help me floatunderstandThe storytellers feelings: _The storyteller was calm.too frightene
18、d to get itRead the story again. Complete the information in the boxes. Then add the storytellers feelings during each situation.Soon afterwards, the whirlpool _. The waves soon carried me away and finally a boat _.became less wildpicked me upThe storytellers feelings: _The storyteller was tired.Thi
19、nk and share1. What were the three observations the storyteller made?The three observations were: the large objects fell into the whirlpool quicker, and the round objects and tube-shaped objects did not go into the whirlpool as quickly.Think and share2. Why did the storyteller survive while his elde
20、r brother didnt?The fisherman survived because he was calm in the whirlpool and made clear observations. Based on the observation, he saved himself by tying himself to a barrel to help him float and jumped into the sea.Think and share3. What does the storyteller mean by it took only six hours to bre
21、ak my body and soul?The Moskoe-strom lasted six hours. This broke his body as the storm battered him about. It broke his soul as he lost two brothers in that time. The terror of the maelstrm has had a very negative effect on his mind and body, which he doesnt think they will ever recover from.Think
22、and share4. What lessons have you learnt from the story? Give your reasons.From this story, we learn that staying calm is very important even when we are in an extremely dangerous situation. At the same time, we should observe what is happening and try to find out ways to escape from the danger.Thin
23、k and share5. What is the story trying to say about the relationship between humans and nature?The story shows the following relationships between humans and nature: Humans depend on nature. Human power is so small compared with nature. Humans may be destroyed by nature under certain circumstances.I
24、n English you get words with similar meanings (synonyms) or words with opposite meanings (antonyms). Find more pairs of synonyms and antonyms in the story. Discuss why such words are used.Synonyms terrible horribleamazing wonderfulcried out shoutedfrightened scaredIn English you get words with simil
25、ar meanings (synonyms) or words with opposite meanings (antonyms). Find more pairs of synonyms and antonyms in the story. Discuss why such words are used.Antonymsblack white dark light edge centre top bottomless moresingle doublecalm wildold youngComplete the summary with the information from the st
26、oryThe storyteller experienced a Moskoe-strom which broke his 1 _. One day,he was out fishing with his two brothers when the sky suddenly clouded over and they were in _. A huge 3 _ covered the boat and his younger brother 4 _ the sea. The boat went over the edge into the 5 _ andthey went round in c
27、ircles. The storyteller felt there wasbody and soula terrible storm wavefell intowhirlpool Complete the summary with the information from the storyno escape but observed that round and 6 _ shaped objects of 7 _ fell down more slowly. So he 8 _ to help himself float. He tried to make his elder brothe
28、r understand, but he was too 9 _. Finally, the storyteller 10 _ the storm.tube-shapedequal extent tied himself to a barrelterrified and stayed in the heavy boatsurvivedFOCUS ON LANGUAGE: RELATIVE CLAUSES (2)Read the sentences from the text. Underline the words that introduce relative clauses and cir
29、cle the words that the relative clauses refer to.1. That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.2. .the reason why Im here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.3. and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were._Pair Work Read the sen
30、tences below and compare them. Which choice (a or b) do you think is better? Why?1. a Is there a shop nearby? I want to buy some sweets in the shop.b Is there a shop nearby where I can buy some sweets?2. a We can go there on Sunday. Few people go to work on Sunday.b We can go there on Sunday when fe
31、w people go to work.FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: RELATIVE CLAUSES (2)Pair Work Read the sentences below and compare them. Which choice (a or b) do you think is better? Why?3. a He was so upset for some reason. He didnt tell me the reason.b He didnt tell me the reason why he was so upset.Using relative clauses
32、 helps to make the sentences logically clearer and concise. Relative clauses can also help to omit repeated words and expressions.FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: RELATIVE CLAUSES (2)Complete the sentences about yourself using relative clauses1. Ill never forget the day _.2. I was born in a city/ town _.3. Ill ne
33、ver know the reason _.FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: RELATIVE CLAUSES (2)Prepare a story about something scary or unusual you experienced or you know and use relative clauses to tell it to your partner.Example My story happened on a dark night whenPair Work语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、当引导定语从句
34、的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why或或“介词介词+which”。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句关系关系副词的作用如下：副词的作用如下：（1）指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；）指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；（2）在从句中充当句子成分）在从句中充当句子成分状语，即在从句中状语，即在从句中起副词的作用；起副词的作用；（3）起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成）起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句主从复合句。1. when引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法（1）当
35、先行词是表示时间的名词（如）当先行词是表示时间的名词（如time, day, year, month, week等），且关系词在从句中做时等），且关系词在从句中做时间状语时，定语从句用间状语时，定语从句用when引导。引导。（2）when可以换成可以换成“介词介词+which”。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句1. when引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法I still remember the time when (= in which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。I have forgotten the exact date
36、 when (= on which) this country became independent.我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句1. when引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法注意：当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以注意：当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以用用 when引导定语从句，也可以用引导定语从句，也可以用that或或which引引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中做导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中做何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当时间状何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语，利用语，利用when引导；若关系
37、词在定语从向中充引导；若关系词在定语从向中充当主语或宾语，则用当主语或宾语，则用that或或which 引导。引导。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句1. when引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法Do you still remember the days (that/ which) we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？（that或which做spent的宾语）Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
38、你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when 在从句中做时间状语）语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句2. where引导定语从句的引导定语从句的用法用法（1）当先行词是表示具体地点的名词（如）当先行词是表示具体地点的名词（如place, room, mountain, airport等）或抽象地点的名词等）或抽象地点的名词（如（如case, state, condition, point, situation等），等），且关系词在从句中做地点状语时，定语从句用且关系词在从句中做地点状语时，定语从句用where引导引导。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从
39、句2. where引导定语从句的引导定语从句的用法用法We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要做出改变的地步。 He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句2. where引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法（2）where可以换成可以换成“介词介词+which”。This is the hotel where (= in whic
40、h) they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句2. where引导定语从句的引导定语从句的用法用法注意：当先行词为地点名词时，如果指代先行注意：当先行词为地点名词时，如果指代先行词的关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，则用词的关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，则用 that或或which引导定语从句。引导定语从句。His father works in a factory which/ that makes radio parts.他的父亲在一家生产收音机零件的工厂里工作。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句3. 辨析
41、辨析where 引导的定语从句和状语引导的定语从句和状语从句从句（1）where引导定语从句时，它是关系副词，在定引导定语从句时，它是关系副词，在定语从句中做地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行语从句中做地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，词。此时，where可以换成可以换成“介词介词+ which”结构。结构。where引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首不能位于句首。Is there a shop around where (= in which) we can buy some fruit?附近有没有一个商店可以让我们在里面买到一
42、些水果？语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句3. 辨析辨析where 引导的定语从句和状语引导的定语从句和状语从句从句（2）where引导状语从句时，引导状语从句时，where为从属连词。为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词，词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where不能换成不能换成“介词介词+which”结构。结构。where引导引导的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后句之后。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导
43、的定语从句3. 辨析辨析where 引导的定语从句和状语引导的定语从句和状语从句从句Where there is a will, there is a way.（谚）有志者，事竟成。We should go where we are needed.我们应该到需要我们的地方去。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句4. why引导定语从句的引导定语从句的用法用法（1）当先行词是表示原因的名词）当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中做原因状语时，定语从且关系词在从句中做原因状语时，定语从句用句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句句。语
44、法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句4. why引导定语从句的引导定语从句的用法用法（2）why 可以用可以用for which 来代替。来代替。This is the reason why (= for which) he left in a hurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句4. why引导定语从句的引导定语从句的用法用法若代替先行词若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句的关系词在定语从句中不做状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用中不做状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或或which引导定语从句。引导定语从句。T
45、he reason that he told me yesterday is a lie.昨天他告诉我的理由是个谎言。语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句5. 关系代词与关系副词的关系代词与关系副词的选择选择定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断以下两种方式判断：语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句用法用法依据依据根据从句的谓语根据从句的谓语动词动词若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词，则用关系副词根据先行词在从根据先行词在从句中所做的成分句中所做的成分把先行词放入定语从
46、句中，若做主语或宾语用关系代词；做状语则用关系副词5. 关系代词与关系副词的关系代词与关系副词的选择选择This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。（work是不及物动词）This is the factory (that/ which) I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。（visit是及物动词）语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句5. 关系代词与关系副词的关系代词与关系副词的选择选择Is this the museum (that/ which) you visited
47、a few days ago?这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗?（从句缺少宾语）Is this the museum where the exhibition was held? 这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？（从句缺少地点状语）语法：关系副词引导的定语从句语法：关系副词引导的定语从句1. We will put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better.2. There are several reasons _ school uniforms are a good idea.3. One day_ I was w
48、alking by the school playground, a football fell in front of me4. There was a time _ people may have felt awkward about asking for a seat.whenwhywhenwhen5. Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job _ I could work alone.6. I will never forget the days _ we stayed together in the countryside.7. The reason _ he was late was that something was wrong with his bike.8. Self-driving is an area _ the world is on the starting line.wherewhenwhywhere
