1、介词介词第一节第一节 概说概说1 概说概说介词介词(preposition) 表示它后面的名词或表示它后面的名词或代词等与其他句子成分的关系代词等与其他句子成分的关系.介词之后一般有名词或代词或相当于名介词之后一般有名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句做它的宾语词的其他词类、短语或从句做它的宾语,称介词宾语称介词宾语.介词和介词宾语合称介词短介词和介词宾语合称介词短语语.介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较固定的搭配固定的搭配,学习时应特别注意。学习时应特别注意。 2 介词的种类介词的种类简单介词简单介词: at, by, for, in, from复合介词
2、复合介词: into, onto, without, within双重介词双重介词: from under, since before, until after, from across短语介词短语介词: in front of, because of, ahead of有的介词可以兼作副词有的介词可以兼作副词(如如around, over) ，有的介词可以兼作连接词，有的介词可以兼作连接词(如如after, before, until) 3 介词的作用介词的作用定语定语: The key to the door is still here.状语状语: The book is very pop
3、ular with old people.表语表语: Japan is to the east of China.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语: Make yourself at home.第二节第二节 常见介词的用法及易混介词区别常见介词的用法及易混介词区别I. at, in, on, by 表示时间的区别表示时间的区别1at表时间的一点表时间的一点,时刻等时刻等;指较短暂的一段指较短暂的一段时间时间,也可指某个节日也可指某个节日. at noon , at ten oclock , at Christmas , at New Year2in表在某个较长的时间内或一段时间之表在某个较长的时间内或
4、一段时间之后后. in 1993 , in the holidays , in three hours.3on表具体的时日或在一个表示泛指的时表具体的时日或在一个表示泛指的时间前有形容词修饰时间前有形容词修饰时 on Sunday , on our arrival , on the eve of victory , on a rainy night 4by表示不迟于，在表示不迟于，在间，在间，在时候时候by now, by day, by nightIInear, by, beside, at表示表示“在在附近附近”的区别。的区别。(1) near表相对的表相对的“近近”，实际距离可，实际距离
5、可能还很远能还很远 (2) by和和 beside 都表示都表示“靠近靠近”，实际，实际距离不可能很近，但距离不可能很近，但beside比比by更具体更具体地表示出地表示出“在在旁边旁边”的意思的意思 There is a house by the river. (3) by还可表示还可表示“尺寸，距离，程度尺寸，距离，程度”等等 I am older than he by two years.This cage is 5 cm by 6 cm by 4cm.(4) at也有在也有在“旁边旁边”的意思，但多表的意思，但多表示有目的的示有目的的“在在旁边旁边”和所处的位置，和所处的位置，而而by
6、和和beside仅表示位置关系仅表示位置关系 The students are sitting at the desks.IIIat, in, 和和on表示地点的区别表示地点的区别(1) at用于指较小的地方或门牌号码前用于指较小的地方或门牌号码前 arrive at the school live at 115 Fuzhou Road(2) in表较大的地方表较大的地方;或虽然是很小的地或虽然是很小的地方方,如果说话人住在那里如果说话人住在那里,也可用也可用in.商店商店,机关机关,学校等也可用学校等也可用in.例如：例如：I have lived in this village for t
7、en years.(3) on 一般指与面或线接触一般指与面或线接触,在在旁边旁边” on the desk; on the riverIV. besides, except, but, except for, except that/when的区别的区别1.besides 表示表示“除了除了以外以外,还有还有”,暗含有暗含有包含在内之意包含在内之意.Besides用于否定句中时用于否定句中时,与与except, but 同义同义.(apart from/in addition to)We have no other books besides (except) these.2except表示
8、表示“只有只有除外除外”，暗含有不，暗含有不包含在内之意包含在内之意(other than/ apart from/but) Everyone is here except Tom.3but“除了除了”与与except同义同义,except强强调被排除的部分，调被排除的部分，but则强调整句的内容，则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词或疑问代词常修饰否定意义的代词或疑问代词。Who would do such a thing but Jack?Nobody but Tom agreed with you.4except 用于句首时，后面往往要加用于句首时，后面往往要加上上for.Except
9、 for this , everything is in order.= Everything is in order except this.5.当当except不在句首时不在句首时,表示除去整体中表示除去整体中的一部分的一部分. except for 肯定整体肯定整体,否定部分否定部分. I like the car except for its colour.His composition is good except for handwriting.6. except that/when 是连接词是连接词,后接从句后接从句 I know nothing about him except
10、 that he is an American.He likes to go out except when it is raining.V. in, to, on在方位名词前的区别在方位名词前的区别.1in 表示在范围之内表示在范围之内.Shanghai is in the east of China.2to 表示在范围之外表示在范围之外,强调方向强调方向.Japan is to the east of China.3on 表示两者接壤表示两者接壤.Class One is on the west of Class Two.VI. above, over, on 的区别的区别.1above
11、“在在之上之上”; “高于高于”, 反义反义词是词是below.He keeps his head above water.A bird is flying above the wood.2over “在在之上之上”,(表示垂直表示垂直之上之上), 反义词是反义词是under.There is a bridge over the river.3on “在在之上之上”(表示与表面接触表示与表面接触)There is a book on the desk.VII. 表方向的介词表方向的介词to, for, 与与toward (s).1表示来往行动的动词之后表示来往行动的动词之后,或表示行动的或表示
12、行动的方向常用方向常用to。如在。如在 go, come, walk, run, move, take, lead之后。之后。He will go to the park.2表示表示”起程起程,出发出发,离开离开”的动词之后的动词之后,多多用用for，如：如：leave for , start for, set off for.3在表示在表示”朝朝方向方向”时时,to 与与towards 同同义义,可互换可互换.只是只是towards 仅仅表示方向仅仅表示方向,不表示不表示到达而到达而to 不仅表示方向还表示到达不仅表示方向还表示到达。I saw Tom walking to /towards
13、 the river.VIII. 表示时间表示时间”在在之后之后”的的in 与与after.1介词介词in加一段时间加一段时间 常与动词将来时连用常与动词将来时连用. We will come back in an hour.2after常与动词过去时连用常与动词过去时连用.He arrived after four weeks.3after与与”在在某一特定时间某一特定时间”的词的词语连用时语连用时,句子动词用过去时或将来时均句子动词用过去时或将来时均可可.She will come back /came back after one oclock.IX. 介词的省略介词的省略1表时间的介词
14、表时间的介词at, on, in,用在用在next , last, this, these , yesterday, tomorrow. One, any, each, some, all 等之前等之前,at, on, in一般都省略一般都省略. (on) that day, (at) the following weekend, (on) next Monday, (in) this term2表示时间的表示时间的for用于一段时间之前用于一段时间之前可可省可不省省可不省.否定句中否定句中for 不能省不能省,时间状语时间状语位于句首位于句首,不能省不能省for.I havent seen
15、him for ten years.The meeting lasted (for) two hours.For the whole summer , the college student worked as a shop-assistant.表示行为方式的介词表示行为方式的介词, in在在 in this way, in the same way, in another way.等词组等词组中中,经常省略经常省略。3某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略.spend.(in) , stop.(from), prevent(from), have difficulty
16、/trouble (in)等等.X. 常用介词的搭配常用介词的搭配1名词与介词的固定搭配常见的有名词与介词的固定搭配常见的有:(1) 用用 to 如：如：key, answer, visit, introduction, entrance.(2) 用用 in 如：如：interest, satisfaction, expert, experience.(3) 用用on 如：如：mercy, congratulation2形容词与介词的固定搭配常见的有形容词与介词的固定搭配常见的有(1) at 如：如： afraid, angry, good, bad, clever, terrified, s
17、urprised(2) of 如：如：afraid, sure, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy, certain(3) with 如：如：angry, strict, careful, busy, popular(4) in如：如：weak, strict, rich, interested. Successful.(5) to如：如：good, polite .kind. cruel, rude, known, married, close, near, similar, due(6) for 如：如：sorry, good, famous, fit, u
18、nfit, eager, anxious, hungry(7) from 如：如：far, different, free, safe, absent, tired.(8) about 如：如：sorry, worried, anxious, careful, sure, certain1. He suddenly returned a rainy night.on B. at C. in D. during2. Does John know any other foreign language French?A. except B. but C. besides D. beside3. Th
19、e doctor will be free . A. 10 minutes late B. after 10 minutesC. in 10 minutes D. 10 minutes after4. Did you have trouble the post office?A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding 5. If you keep on, youll succeed . in time B. at one time C. at the same time D. on time6. We offered hi
20、m our congratulations his passing the college entrance exam.A. at B. on C. for D. of7. All the road, we saw many people running hurriedly.A. about B. along C. by D. in8. My uncle lives 129 Beijing street.A. on B. in C. at D .to9. The bus company raised the fare fifty percent.A. for B. at C. by D .fr
21、om10. Mathilde! Is it really you? I havent seen you five years.A. since B. since ever C. at least D for11. Visitors Beijing always think highly of the Great Wall.A. in B. to C. at D. with12. Mary, her best dress, went to the party just now.A. in B. with C. by D. on 13. The world is seven continents
22、and four oceans.A. made up of B. made from C. made of D. made in14. They had a party Christmas Eve.A. at B. in C. on D. during15. Your work is all praised.A. beyond B. out of C. under D. far from16. You will work the problem if you work it for more time.at, for B. on, out C. out. at D. out, for 17.
23、our great surprise he left the house a word.A. For, not B. To , without C. At, with D. On , without18. Mr Li is going to give us a talk radio and TV a week.A. by, after B. in, for C. on, in D. over, since19. He said all this tears his eyes.A. having, to B. with, in C. for, to D. with, to20. She kept
24、 sitting those children one oclock and two oclock.A. between, among B. among, between C. among, from D. between, from21. He has no good pen .A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with22. Some people got up and left the hall the show.A. while B. during C between D. through23. How much mu
25、st I pay you the tickets tonight?A. of, of B. for, for C. for, about D. for, to24. Early the morning of May, we started off the mountain village.A. on, for B. on, / C. in, on D. in, for25.I shall not stay here half an hour.A. until B. before C. with D. against26.Can you make a sentence the model?A.
26、from B. after C. by D. with27. He ran direction of the lake.A. at B. for C. in D. on 28. the sound of the knocking on the door, he rose and went to open it.A. On B. Heard C. At D. To29. The policeman helped the old woman the street.A. out B. across C. past D. against30.We are off Nanjing tomorrow.A.
27、 in B. for C. at D. towards31.I followed him some distance.A. in B. at C. for D. from32.Kew Garden is an old and famous center plants in the London area.A. for B. in C. of D. with33. What does that car look like? That is similar in shape mine.A. with B. like C. as D. to34. She agreed him about the h
28、oliday plan.A. by B. on C. about D. with35.While I was cleaning the room the other day, I came an old photo of my mother.A. to B. by C. across D. with36.A teacher is often compared candle.A. with B. to C. as D. in37. the help of our teacher, I have made greater progress in English.A. At B. Under C.
29、For D. With38. The building looks more beautiful all lights on.A. at B. with C. in D. for39.Smoking is not good your health.A. for B. to C. at D. with40. That step-mother is very good the child.A. to B. for C. at D. with41.Your father is very angry you staying out so late.A. for B. to C. with D. or4
30、2. He is a teacher who is very popular his students.A. to B. with C. in D. for43.They are nice boys and Im sure youll get on them very well.A. by B. for C. to D. with44. “How do you come to know it?” he asked surprise.“I learn it through experience”. She answered pride.A. in, of B. with, with C. wit
31、h, in D .in, with45. He cut his foot a piece of glass.A. over B. above C. on D. by46.Parents sometimes have no effect their children.A. on B. to C. for D. with47.He comes a small city the Yangtze River.A. to, along B. from, on C. in, by D. around, on48. A new hospital is now construction.A. on B. at
32、 C. under D. over49. This kind of goods is great need here.A. in B. at C. under D. on50. Shall I speak to your manager? Sorry. He went to Hong Kong . A. in business B. on business C. at business D. of business51. Please fill in the form . A. with pen B. in pen C. at pen D. through pen52. When I arri
33、ved at his house he was still desk.A. in B. at C. on D. by53.They met accident, so they didnt know each other well.A. from B. on C. by D. of54.Take an umbrella the case of rain.A. in B. about C. for D. on55.The plane was still sight.A. on B. out of C. inD. at56.I wish I would do something for her kindness.A. on return B. in return C. in turn D. on returning
