1、Global Warming 概要写作 文本内容与结构解读 写作思路解读 写作思路微技能之策略 表达微技能之同义/近义词（组）替换篇 牛刀小试 参考范文欣赏体裁：主题：结构：1.文本内容与结构解读体裁：说明文主题： Global Warming结构：Para 1Para 3 & 4Para 2Para 51.文本内容与结构解读阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Which year was the hottest since record-keeping began in 1880? Its been clear that 2015 has stolen the award
2、from 2014, with 10 out of its 12 months being the warmest respective months on record. According to NOAA(the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), the average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for September 2015 was at 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the 20th century av
3、erage, more than 20% higher than the previous highest departure from average. Therefore it was not surprised that 2015 lapped the field - finished in the first place. This was aided by a December that looked and felt more like a March or April for much of the Northern Hemisphere (北半球), where traditi
4、onal winter holidays had weather that was neither traditional nor winter-like.Why was 2015 so warm? The crucial element was a major El Nino(厄尔尼诺), which has joined 1997-1998 as the strongest El Nino ever observed. El Nino, which are characterized by significant warming over tropical ocean waters in
5、the Pacific, not only warm the ocean but also put lots of extra heat into the atmosphere, raising global temperatures.El Nino years tend to be warmer than non-El Nino years. El Nino was a major driver of the heat this year, but certainly not the only factor. The change also was largely driven by inc
6、reased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions(排放) into the atmosphere, which have increased greatly over the last 150 years.“With a 98% chance that the strong El Nio conditions will last, it is virtually certain that 2016 will end up globally being the warmest on record,” according to Hennen.
7、 Much like sports writers who start their preseason predictions based on the final buzzer(蜂鸣器) of the previous seasons championship, many climate scientists and weather forecasters are already saying 2016 would push chart-topping temperature to climb even higher, with El Nino lasting into spring and
8、 the influence from man-made climate change to continue.further phenomenonreason1reason2conclusionphenomenon 写作思路解读 Para. 1: Which year was the hottest since record-keeping began in 1880? Its been clear that 2015 has stolen the award from 2014, with 10 out of its 12 months being the warmest respecti
9、ve months on record. Tip 1: 运用Q - A策略找要点。写作思路解读 Para. 2: According to NOAA(the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), the average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for September 2015 was at 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the 20th century average, more than 20% higher th
10、an the previous highest departure from average. Therefore it was not surprised that 2015 lapped the field finished in the first place. This was aided by a December that looked and felt more like a March or April for much of the Northern Hemisphere (北半球), where traditional winter holidays had weather
11、 that was neither traditional nor winter-like.Para. 3: Why was 2015 so warm? The crucial element was a major El Nino(厄尔尼诺), which has joined 1997-1998 as the strongest El Nino ever observed. El Nino, which are characterized by significant warming over tropical ocean waters in the Pacific, not only w
12、arm the ocean but also put lots of extra heat into the atmosphere, raising global temperaturesPara. 4: El Nino years tend to be warmer than non-El Nino years. El Nino was a major driver of the heat this year, but certainly not the only factor. The change also was largely driven by increased carbon d
13、ioxide and other human-made emissions(排放) into the atmosphere. 2.写作思路解读Tip 2: 通过关注句子之间的逻辑连接信号词分析句子之间的逻辑关系。Para. 5: “With a 98% chance that the strong El Nio conditions will last, it is virtually certain that 2016 will end up globally being the warmest on record,” according to Hennen. Much like sport
14、s writers who start their preseason predictions based on the final buzzer(蜂鸣器蜂鸣器) of the previous seasons championship, many climate scientists and weather forecasters are already saying 2016 would push chart-topping temperature to climb even higher, with El Nino lasting into spring and the influenc
15、e from man-made climate change to continue. 2.写作思路解读主题句主题句at 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the 20th century average, more than 20% higher than the previous highest departure from average. This was aided by a December that looked and felt more like a March or AprilPara.2:(要点要点2)The crucial elem
16、ent was a major El Nino, which has joined 1997-1998 as the strongest El Nino ever observedThe change also was largely driven by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.Para.3&4:(要点要点3)Para.5:(要点要点4)many climate scientists and weather forecasters are already saying
17、 2016 would push chart-topping temperature to climb even higher, with El Nino lasting into spring and the influence from man-made climate change to continue.Its been clear that 2015 has stolen the award from 2014, with 10 out of its 12 months being the warmest respective months on record. Para.1:(要点
18、要点1)要点要点3.写作思路微技能之同义词组替换 要点同义替换1.Its been clear that 2015 has stolen the award from 2014, with 10 out of its 12 months being the warmest respective months on record.（要点1）Its clear that = Obviously/ Evidently; has stolen the award from 2014 = has replaced/taken the place of 2014; on record = since 18
19、802. the average temperature for September 2015 was at 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the 20th century average, more than 20% higher than the previous highest departure from average 2015 lapped the field - finished in the first place. This was aided by a December that looked and felt more like
20、a March or April（要点2） warmer than the 20th century average, higher than the previous highest departure from average = the hottest months on record = the hottest months since the record; was aided by = fitted in with = was in line with = was in accordance with Tip 3: 运用同义替换和句型转换等表达微技能进行扩词成句。 要点同义替换3.
21、 Why was 2015 so warm? The biggest element was a major El Nino, which has joined 1997-1998 as the strongest El Nino ever observed. The change also was largely driven by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.（要点3）was driven by = was because of/ due to/ owing to/
22、as a consequence of/ as a result of = resulted from = was responsible for (也可以用bring about/ contribute to/ give rise to/ result in等去改写句子); largely = mainly; human-made = man-made; also = as well (as)4. many climate scientists and weather forecasters are already saying 2016 would push chart-topping t
23、emperature to climb even higher, with El Nino lasting into spring and the influence from man-made climate change to continue.（要点4）many climate scientists and weather forecasters可以运用上下义词the relevant experts来表达；would表将来，可以用is expected替换；介词with的复合结构表原因。Its been clear that 2015 has stolen the award from
24、 2014, with 10 out of its 12 months being the warmest respective months on record.（要点（要点1）Its clear that = Obviously/Evidently; has stolen the award from 2014 = has replaced/taken the place of 2014; on record = since 1880 Obviously/Evidently, 2015 has taken the place of 2014 to be the warmest year s
25、ince 1880. The data show that 2015 has replaced 2014 as the hottest year since 1880. According to the data, 2015 has replaced 2014 as the hottest year since 1880.4.表达微技能之句式变化篇要点一the average temperature for September 2015 was at 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the 20th century average, more than
26、20% higher than the previous highest departure from average 2015 lapped the field - finished in the first place. This was aided by a December that looked and felt more like a March or April（要点（要点2）warmer than the 20th century average, higher than the previous highest departure from average = the hot
27、test months on record = the hottest months since the record; was aided by = fitted in with = was in line with = was in accordance with As the figures show, most of its months were warmer than the 20th century average, which was in line with an extraordinarily warm winter. The figures show that most
28、of these were the hottest months on record, which fitted in with a very warm winter. According to the data, most of these were the hottest months on record, so 2015 had a very warm winter. The data show that most of these were the hottest months since the record, which was in accordance with a very
29、warm winter.要点二Why was 2015 so warm? The biggest element was a major El Nino, which has joined 1997-1998 as the strongest El Nino ever observed. The change also was largely driven by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.（要点（要点3）was driven by = was because of/ d
30、ue to/ owing to/ as a consequence of/ as a result of = resulted from = was responsible for (也可以用也可以用bring about/ contribute to/ give rise to/ result in等去改写句子等去改写句子); largely = mainly; human-made = man-made; also = as well (as) It was mainly the result of a major El Nino, and increased human-made emi
31、ssion into the atmosphere also contributed to it. It was mainly the result of a major El Nino and increased human-made emission into the atmosphere as well. It was mainly the result of a major El Nino as well as increased human-made emission into the atmosphere.要点三Why was 2015 so warm? The biggest e
32、lement was a major El Nino, which has joined 1997-1998 as the strongest El Nino ever observed. The change also was largely driven by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.（要点（要点3）was driven by = was because of/ due to/ owing to/ as a consequence of/ as a result
33、of = resulted from = was responsible for (也可以用也可以用bring about/ contribute to/ give rise to/ result in等去改写句子等去改写句子); largely = mainly; human-made = man-made; also = as well (as) This was largely due to a major El Nino phenomenon, which also resulted from increased human emissions into the atmosphere.
34、 It was largely because of a major El Nino phenomenon and the increase in human emissions into the atmosphere also contributed to it. It was El Nino phenomenon and increased human-made emission into the atmosphere that mainly brought about/ contributed to/ gave rise to/ resulted in the change.要点三Man
35、y climate scientists and weather forecasters are already saying 2016 would push chart-topping temperature to climb even higher, with El Nino lasting into spring and the influence from man-made climate change to continue.（要点（要点4）many climate scientists and weather forecasters可以运用上下义可以运用上下义词词the relev
36、ant experts来表达；来表达；would表将来，可以用表将来，可以用is expected替换；介词替换；介词with的复合结构表原因。的复合结构表原因。 The relevant experts say that as a consequence of the same elements, 2016 has been expected to be even hotter than 2015. The relevant experts say that due to the same elements, 2016 is expected to be hotter than 2015.
37、The relevant experts say that these influences on global climate will continue and will be deeper in 2016. Many climate scientists and weather forecasters put that 2016 would be hotter compared with 2015.要点四一、运用同义词、近义词、反义词等技巧改写句子，使改写后的句子与原句句意保持不变。1. The number of cars is increasing very rapidly, thu
38、s resulting in some social problems. The number of cars is increasing very rapidly, thus _ some social problems. 2. As we all know, his success resulted from his hard work.As we all know, his hard work _ his success. 3. The traffic accident resulted from the drivers carelessness, resulting in the de
39、ath of 3 people.The traffic accident, _ the drivers carelessness, _ the death of 3 people. The death of 3 people _ the traffic accident _ the drivers carelessness.5.牛刀小试bringing about/ contributing to/ leading tobecause of/ due to/ owing tocontributed to/ brought about/ gave rise to/ led to/ resulte
40、d inresulting from/ because of/ due to/ owing toresulted fromresulted in/ brought about/ contributed to/ gave rise to/ led to5. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer._, the earth is becoming warmer. 6. I dont know how the accident happened.I dont know how the accident _.7. There is lit
41、tle/no doubt that man has had an impact on the Earths climate. T h e r e i s l i t t l e / n o d o u b t t h a t m a n _ the Earths climate. 8. Global warming has become a great concern for all of us.All of us _ global warming. Global warming _. Without doubtcame abouthas affected/has had an effect
42、onhas aroused our great concernare greatly concerned about9. Several reasons may account for this phenomenon of global warming.Several reasons may _ this phenomenon of global warming. 10. On the whole, our contribution is of great importance/significance.On the whole, our contribution _. 11. Whats m
43、ore, increasing emissions produced by human beings gave rise to global warming as well._, increasing emissions produced by human beings gave rise to global warming as well. 12. Its clear that 2015 became hotter than 2014, just as the data showed on record. Its _ that 2015 became hotter than 2014, ju
44、st as the data showed on record. _, just as the data showed on record, 2015 became hotter than 2014.explainreally countsBesides/ AdditionallyObviously/ Evidentlyobvious/ evident13. As is shown in the bar chart, time spent in talking with parents varies in different age groups. _, we can see/conclude
45、 that time spent in talking with parents varies in different age groups. _ that time spent in talking with parents varies in different age groups. _ that time spent in talking with parents varies in different age groups. 14. The consequence/phenomenon may come from a wide range of reasons. There are
46、 a lot of reasons _ this consequence/ phenomenon. 15. In addition, in terms of topics, they complain that it is a really tough job to find a suitable one that can arouse each others interest._, in terms of topics, they complain that it is a really tough job to find a suitable one that can arouse eac
47、h others interest. According to the bar chartThe bar chart shows/ indicatesIt can be seen/concluded from the bar chartAdditionally/Besidesaccounting for参考范文欣赏1 Its clear that 2015 has taken the place of 2014 to be the warmest year since 1880. (Point 1) As the figures show, most of its months were th
48、e warmest on record, which was in line with an extraordinarily warm winter. (Point 2) Actually, it was mainly the result of a major EI Nino and increased human-made emission into the atmosphere also contributed to it.（Point 3) As a consequence of the same elements, 2016 has been expected to be even
49、hotter than 2015. (Point 4) (79w)参考范文欣赏2 2015, the hottest year ever since 1880, has an amazingly high average temperature and a dramatically warm December. This phenomenon is largely due to El Nino, which brought about extra heat to oceans and the atmosphere. Additionally, increasing emissions prod
50、uced by human beings gave rise to it as well. Consequently, with the two factors mentioned above continuing, 2016 was forecasted to be even hotter. (64w)参考范文欣赏3 With an extraordinarily warm December and the universally higher temperature all over the year, the highest average temperature record had
