1、语法语法词法词法实词实词数、名、代、数、名、代、副、形、动副、形、动虚词虚词介、连、冠、介、连、冠、叹叹句法句法一般一般3 3大类句子大类句子5 5个简单句个简单句8 8种句子成分种句子成分不规则不规则 强调句强调句/ /感叹句感叹句/ /倒装句倒装句/ /省略句省略句/ /祈使句祈使句例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.u1 1.“.“主语主语 + + 谓语谓语”( (即即“主谓主谓”句型句型) )这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。例：I study English.u2 2.“.
2、“主语主语 + + 谓语谓语 + + 宾语宾语”( (即即“主谓宾主谓宾”句型句型) )这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。例：Our teacher taught us English.u3 3.“.“主语主语 + + 谓语谓语 + + 间接宾语间接宾语 + + 直接宾直接宾语语”( (即即“主谓双宾主谓双宾”句型句型) )这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。例： He asked her to
3、 go there.u4 4.“.“主语主语 + + 谓语谓语 + + 宾语宾语 + + 宾语补足宾语补足语语”( (即即“主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补”句型句型) )这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。4/16/2022例： I am a teacher. u5 5.“.“主语主语 + + 系动词系动词+ + 表语表语”( (即即“主系表主系表”句型句型) )例：There is a bird in the tree. u6.“There + be + 6.“There + be + 主语主语+”(+”(即即“存在存在”句句型型) )4/16/2022I
4、went to a beautiful park yesterday happily by bicycle.9种句子成分：主，谓，宾，定，状，补，表，同位语宾语从句宾语从句用来做宾语用来做宾语的句子的句子连词连词+主语主语+谓谓语语+其他其他1.及物动词及物动词/介词介词+句子句子She hopes she can pass the exam.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.2.双宾动词之后，如双宾动词之后，如tell Please tell me where she has gone.3.形容词形容词+
5、句子。如句子。如afraid I am sure that I will pass the exam.1.Lily doesnt know _she and her friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money. （2015年）年）A. that whose B. how who C. what who D. what whose就瞅着你2.Could you please tell me _ ?(北京卷北京卷)A how can I make the mach
6、ine workB how I can make the machine to workC how I can make the machine workD how can I make the machine to work宾语从句宾语从句连连 词词语语 序序时时 态态三大考点三大考点 He wont go swimming. I think.I dont think . that he will go swimming.当宾语从句表示否定的意义、主句为第一人称、当宾语从句表示否定的意义、主句为第一人称、动词为动词为 think 、 expect 、 believe 、 guess 、 im
7、agine 、 suppose时，常将从句的否定移到时，常将从句的否定移到主句上。主句上。 七七. if/when. if/when具有双重意义具有双重意义1.I want to know if he _ (come) tomorrow. If he _ (come). Please tell me.2.Could you tell me when he_ (come)?Please take him to school when he _ (come).if if ：引导宾语从句或条件状语从句；引导宾语从句或条件状语从句；whenwhen：引导宾语从句或时间状语从句。引导宾语从句或时间状语从
8、句。当当if/whenif/when引导宾语从句，根据实际情况选用时态；引导宾语从句，根据实际情况选用时态； 当当if/whenif/when引导状语从句，应遵循引导状语从句，应遵循“ ”原则。原则。 will comecomeswill comecomes主将从现主将从现宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句 ） 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句) )时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过
9、去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变本课小结本课小结4/16/20224/16/2022 语态语态时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时v. /v-s/esam /is /are + Vp.p一般过去时一般过去时V-edwas / were + Vp.p一般将来时一般将来时will + v.will be + Vp.p过去将来时过去将来时would + v.would be + Vp.p过去完成时过去完成时had +
10、Vp.phad been + Vp.p现在完成时现在完成时have /has + Vp.phave /has been + Vp.p将来完成时将来完成时will have + Vp.pwill have been + Vp.p现在进行时现在进行时am /is / are + Vingam /is /are + being + Vp.p过去进行时过去进行时was /were + Vingwas /were + being + Vp.p4/16/2022 高考考查趋势：高考考查趋势：1.侧重基础，语境提示；侧重基础，语境提示；2.时态语态结合；时态语态结合；3.主谓一致结合；主谓一致结合；4.贴近
11、生活的題干内容，插入语等手段运用；贴近生活的題干内容，插入语等手段运用；4/16/2022一般时态基本形式一般现在时Am is are,do ,does 一般过去时Was ,were ,did 一般将来时will /shall +will /shall +动词原形动词原形be going to do be going to do be about to do(be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么) )be to dobe to do4/16/2022Simple present tenses1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法1 1） 经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作
12、 I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.since the new year.A .will play B. have played C. played D. playA .will play B. have played C. played D. play4/16/2022D1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法2 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。客
13、观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。 Knowledge begins with practice.Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty.She said that the sea water is salty. In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar.with milk
14、 and sugar.A.A.is serving B. serves C. is served is serving B. serves C. is served B.B.D. servedD. served4/16/2022C3 3）. .表示现在的状态：表示现在的状态： e.g. e.g. Hes twelve . Shes at workHes twelve . Shes at work4 4）. .表主语具备的性格和能力等：表主语具备的性格和能力等： e.g. e.g. She likes noodles . They speak FrenchShe likes noodles .
15、They speak French. .4/16/20221 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法 5 5）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主语是中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主语是物：车，船，飞机等物：车，船，飞机等 The trainThe train leaves leaves at three at three t this afternoon.his afternoon. 6 6）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在
16、时代替一般将来时。时代替一般将来时。 If itIf it is is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside.countryside. -Put these glasses away before they _.-Put these glasses away before they _. -OK. Ill put them in the cupboard. -OK. Ill put them in the cupboard. A. have broken B. are brea
17、king C. get broken D. A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be brokenwill be broken 4/16/2022C一般现在时的特殊用法一般现在时的特殊用法a. a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight SuccessfulChina Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in
18、MoscowLaura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉劳拉 布什抵达莫斯布什抵达莫斯b. b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket. 弗朗西斯穿过去，把球传给姚明
19、，姚明跳起来，接住弗朗西斯穿过去，把球传给姚明，姚明跳起来，接住球投进篮里。球投进篮里。 Now, look, I press the button and turn on the Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine.machine. 现在，看，我按下按扭，打开了这台机器。现在，看，我按下按扭，打开了这台机器。 c. c. 表示表示告诫或劝说告诫或劝说 You mind your own business.You mind your own business. 你不要管闲事！你不要管闲事！4/16/2022Ive brou
20、ght my tennis things along in case we _ Ive brought my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow.time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have C. will have D. are going to have -Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green?-Can I dri
21、ve on the free way, Mr Green? -You can when you _ a bit more skilled. -You can when you _ a bit more skilled. A. will get B. are getting A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get C. will have got D. get 4/16/20224/16/2022.Columbus proved that the earth _ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are L
22、ook at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _ off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has takenBA(2012(2012安徽高考安徽高考) )Walmart, which is one of Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chainsthe largest American supermarket chains，_ some of its stores open 24 hours _ some
23、of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.on Mondays through Saturdays.A Akeeps keeps B BkeepkeepC Chave kept have kept D Dhad kepthad kept解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：沃尔玛是美解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一，部分店从星期一到星期国最大的连锁超市之一，部分店从星期一到星期六六2424小时营业。根据句中的小时营业。根据句中的“ “is”is”可知，此处应用一可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语为般现在
24、时，主语为WalmartWalmart，谓语动词要用第三，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，故选人称单数，故选A A。4/16/2022Can you tell me the timetable of the school bus?Well， the bus_here for the campus at 7：00 A.mA. will leave B. leftC. is leaving D. leaves【答案解析】 D.考查时态，“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情，表示一般性动作用一般现在时。4/16/20224/16/2022一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状
25、态。表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 He was at home yesterday. I got up at six thirty yesterday morning. I visited my aunt last weekend.2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 My father often went to work by bus last year. When I was a child, I often listened to music. he always carried an umbrella.3.表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。表
26、示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。 Excuse me.I didnt realize I was blocking your way4/16/2022常用时间常用时间常与一般过去时态连用的时间有常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：yesterday, the other day, just now last night (week, month, year)two days ago, a week ago, three years agoin 1990, (in 1998)When I was 5 years ago一般过去时的特殊用法一般过去时的特殊用法 a. a. 在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间
27、的动作或状在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态态 Its time we went.Its time we went. 是我们该走的时候了。是我们该走的时候了。 I wish I were twenty years younger.I wish I were twenty years younger. 但愿我年轻但愿我年轻2020岁。岁。 I would rather you didnt do anything for the I would rather you didnt do anything for the time being.time being. 我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么
28、措施。我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。 b. b. 在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。 I wondered if you could give me a hand.I wondered if you could give me a hand. 我想请你帮个忙。我想请你帮个忙。 Might I come and see you tonight?Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你，好吗？我想今晚来看你，好吗？4/16/20221 1 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状
29、态。表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.-Look! Someone has spilt 1.-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）（溢出）coffee on the coffee on the carpet.carpet.（地毯）（地毯） -Well , it _ me.-Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our
30、 daughter. -2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. _ that?things. _ that? A. Dont you know B. Havent you known A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known
31、C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? -Yes , but she _soon afterwards. -Yes , but she _soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave4/
32、16/2022I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily， my roommate woke me up in time ! A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleepC 根据woke(wake 的过去式)可以判断，这里谈论的与“现在”无关，因此可以排除B和D两项。I是在读书期间睡着的(while reading)，而不是在之前睡着的，所以A项也是不恰当的。4/16/2022All morning as she waited for the
33、medical report from the doctor， her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grownC grow与as从句里的wait同时发生。 题干前半句为时间状语，提供了极为重要的时间线索：All morning as she waited，表示了过去的一段延续时间，本空之中动词所表示的行为(her nervousness “grow”)与此同时进行。此处仍应使用一般过去时。4/16/20221 1(2012(2012北京高考北京高考) ) Our friendship Our friendsh
34、ip _ quickly over the weeks that _ quickly over the weeks that followed.followed.A Ahad developedhad developedB Bwas was developingdevelopingC Cwould develop would develop D Ddevelopeddeveloped解析：考查时态。句意：在随后的几周里，我们解析：考查时态。句意：在随后的几周里，我们的友谊迅速发展。根据本句的时间状语的友谊迅速发展。根据本句的时间状语over the over the weeks that fo
35、llowedweeks that followed可知，这里叙述的是过去发可知，这里叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。生的事情，所以用一般过去时。答案：答案：D D4/16/2022(2012(2012重庆高考重庆高考) )Kevin, you look Kevin, you look worried.Anything wrong?worried.Anything wrong?Well, I _ a test and Im waiting for the Well, I _ a test and Im waiting for the result.result.A Awill take
36、 will take B BtooktookC Chad taken had taken D Dtaketake解析：考查动词时态。根据解析：考查动词时态。根据“Im waiting for the result”“Im waiting for the result”可知，可知，KevinKevin已经参加过考试了，是过去发生的动作，应已经参加过考试了，是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故选用一般过去时。故选B B项。项。4/16/2022 You havent said a word about my new coat， Brenda. Do you like it ? Im sorry，
37、I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt sayD 从对话题干所设语境看，此处谈论的是过去所没有发生的事(you havent said a word)此对话中，Brenda 为自己没能对朋友所穿新衣早加赞赏向对方表示歉意;sooner(=at an earlier time)作为附加状语传达了十分重要的时间信息。4/16/2022My mind wasnt on what he was saying， s
38、o Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missedD 句意：(当时)我并没有注意他说的话，所以(现在)我觉得他讲的话一半我没有听到。题干句中透圳出时间信息的三个地方：wasnt ，was saying和Im afraid是做出选择的重要依据。4/16/20224/16/2022Grammar and usage of tenses Simple future tenses THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 一般将来时态1. will / shall + 1. will /
39、shall + 动词原形动词原形 2.be going to+2.be going to+动词原形动词原形3.be+to do 3.be+to do 表示计划表示计划, ,责任责任, ,约定或命令约定或命令4. be about to do sth 4. be about to do sth 表示正要做表示正要做,马上要做马上要做.( (不能与表示将来时间的状语连用不能与表示将来时间的状语连用) )5.be+v-ing5.be+v-ing6.6.一般现在时表将来一般现在时表将来4/16/20221.will1.will与与shallshallv v1)1)表示一个将来的动作或状态，表示一个将来
40、的动作或状态，“要要,会会”常用的时常用的时间状语有：间状语有：this evening, tomorrow, next week, in a this evening, tomorrow, next week, in a few minutes, at the end of this termfew minutes, at the end of this term等。等。S She will go to the park tomorrow.he will go to the park tomorrow.2 2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。To
41、m will be 18 next year.Tom will be 18 next year.Spring will come again.Spring will come again.Tomorrow will be Sunday.Tomorrow will be Sunday.3) 3) will+v will+v 有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。 - My car won- My car wont start.t start. -Don-Dont worry, I t worry, I willwill come and give it a push. co
42、me and give it a push.4/16/2022祈使句+ AND/OR+将来时（WILL）努力工作否则你就会失败。努力工作否则你就会失败。Work hard or you will fail.Work hard or you will fail.努力工作你就会成功。努力工作你就会成功。Work hard and you will succeed.Work hard and you will succeed.4/16/2022Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never
43、 reached C. never reach D. never reachedA 句意：请不要偏离话题，不然的话，我们就不会取胜得决定。祈使句与and 或or 连用是常见的说法，又如：Turn left and you will find the bookstore.向左转，你就会找到那个书店里。Listen to me or you will never succeed.听我的话，否则，你不会成功的。4/16/20224/16/20222、be going to表示计划，安排要做的事表示计划，安排要做的事表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。- What
44、_do this evening?- I am going to do my lessons. 看那些乌云要下雨了看那些乌云要下雨了. Loot at the dark clouds. It _rain. is going toare you going to3.be to do3.be to do 表按计划或安排即将发生的动作表按计划或安排即将发生的动作表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播）官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播）He and I He and I are to meetare to meet at t
45、he railway station tomorrow. at the railway station tomorrow. You areYou are not tonot to be back late. be back late.If not watered, the plants If not watered, the plants are toare to die. die.The president The president is to speakis to speak on TV tonight on TV tonight. .4/16/2022计划，安排计划，安排责任，命令责任
46、，命令注定要发生的动作注定要发生的动作官方计划或决定官方计划或决定 be to be to和和be going tobe going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。 be to do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事. .be going to be going to 表示主观的打算或计划表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play fo
47、otball tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.4/16/20224.be about to do 4.be about to do 表示正要做表示正要做,马上要做马上要做. ( (不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用) ) w was /were about to do as /were about to
48、do whenwhen 正要正要突然发生突然发生英语晚会即将开始英语晚会即将开始。The English Evening Party is about to begin.The English Evening Party is about to begin.我正要出去我正要出去, ,这时下起了雨这时下起了雨. .I was about to go out when it began to rain.I was about to go out when it began to rain.4/16/20225.be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, st
49、ay, fly, land, take off等等动词动词可用可用现在进行时现在进行时表示表示安排安排和计划或即将发生和计划或即将发生的动作的动作。我们明天动身去青岛我们明天动身去青岛.Were leaving for Qingdao. 4/16/2022特别注意特别注意一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow, tomorrow, 但没有但没有will ,be going to
50、)will ,be going to )4/16/20224/16/2022注注:在时间或条件状语从句中在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用从句用一般现一般现在时在时表示将来时表示将来时:when, as soon as, before, once, if , unless, even if, in case If you come this morning, we will have a meeting. When I graduate, I will go to the countrysideI don t know if my friend_.If he I don t know if my
