1、Unit 5Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern heroNelson Mandelaa modern hero基础知识基础知识考点知识考点知识基础知识基础知识 抓主干抓主干固双基固双基阅阅读读词词汇汇1.mean adj.1.mean adj. . .2.generous adj.2.generous adj. . .3.easy-going adj.3.easy-going adj. . .4.self n.4.self n. . .5.selfish adj.5.selfish adj. . .6.selfless adj.6.selfless adj. . .7.s
2、elflessly adv.7.selflessly adv. . .8.invader n.8.invader n. . .吝啬的吝啬的; ;自私的自私的; ;卑鄙的卑鄙的慷慨的慷慨的; ;大方的大方的随和的随和的; ;温和宽容的温和宽容的自我自我; ;自身自身自私的自私的无私的无私的; ;忘我的忘我的无私地无私地; ;忘我地忘我地侵略者侵略者9.republic n.9.republic n. . .10.principle n.10.principle n. . .11.livelihood n.11.livelihood n. . .12.mankind n.12.mankind n.
3、 . .13.lawyer n.13.lawyer n. . .14.legal adj.14.legal adj. . .15.fee n.15.fee n. . .16.league n.16.league n. . .17.Youth League 17.Youth League . .18.quote n.18.quote n. . .19.release vt.19.release vt. . .共和国共和国; ;共和政体共和政体法则法则; ;原则原则; ;原理原理生计生计; ;谋生谋生人类人类律师律师法律的法律的; ;依照法律的依照法律的费费( (会费、学费等会费、学费等););酬
4、金酬金同盟同盟; ;联盟联盟; ;联合会联合会青年团青年团引用语引用语; ;语录语录释放释放; ;发行发行20.blanket n.20.blanket n. . .21.terror n.21.terror n. . .22.anti-22.anti-前缀前缀 . .23.anti-black adj.23.anti-black adj. . .24.warm-hearted adj.24.warm-hearted adj. . . 毛毯毛毯; ;毯子毯子恐怖恐怖; ;可怕的人可怕的人; ;恐怖时期恐怖时期; ;恐怖活动恐怖活动反反; ;抗抗; ;阻阻反黑人的反黑人的热心肠的热心肠的 识识记
5、记词词汇汇1. 1. n. n.质量质量; ;品质品质; ;性质性质2. 2. adj. adj.积极的积极的; ;活跃的活跃的3. 3. vt. vt.( (与与toto连用连用) )献身献身; ;专心于专心于4. 4. adj. adj.忠实的忠实的; ;深爱的深爱的5. 5. vt. vt.建立建立; ;建设建设6. 6. adj. adj.和平的和平的; ;平静的平静的; ;安宁的安宁的7. 7. adj. adj.怀有希望的怀有希望的; ;有希望的有希望的8. 8. n. n.青年青年; ;青年时期青年时期9. 9. n. n.指导指导; ;领导领导10.10. n.n.舞台舞台;
6、;阶段阶段; ;时期时期qualityqualityactiveactivedevotedevotedevoteddevotedfoundfoundpeacefulpeacefulhopefulhopefulyouthyouthguidanceguidancestagestage11. 11. vt.& vi. vt.& vi.投票投票; ;选举选举 n. n. 投票投票; ;选票选票; ;表决表决12. 12. vt. vt.进攻进攻; ;攻击攻击; ;抨击抨击13. 13. adj. adj.相等的相等的; ;平等的平等的14. 14. adj. adj.乐意的乐意的; ;自愿的自愿的15
7、. 15. adj. adj.不公正的不公正的; ;不公平的不公平的 16. 16. vi.&vt. vi.&vt. 逃脱逃脱; ;逃走逃走; ;避开避开; ;泄露泄露17. 17. vt. vt.教育教育; ;训练训练18. 18. adj. adj.受过教育的受过教育的; ;有教养的有教养的19. 19. vi. vi.请求请求; ;乞求乞求votevoteattackattackequalequalwillingwillingunfairunfairescapeescapeeducateeducateeducatededucatedbegbeg20. 20. n. n.亲戚亲戚; ;亲属
8、亲属21. 21. n. n.报酬报酬; ;奖金奖金 vt. vt.酬劳酬劳; ;奖赏奖赏22. 22. vt. vt.判决判决; ;宣判宣判23. 23. n.n.总统总统; ;会长会长; ;校长校长; ;行长行长24. 24. n. n.意见意见; ;看法看法; ;主张主张25. 25. n. n.暴力暴力; ;暴行暴行26. 26. n. n.残忍残忍; ;残酷残酷 relativerelativerewardrewardsentencesentencepresident president opinionopinionviolenceviolencecrueltycruelty拓拓展展
9、单单词词1.active adj.1.active adj. 积极的积极的; ;活跃的活跃的 adv. adv.积极地积极地; ;活跃地活跃地 n. n.活动活动2.devote vt.2.devote vt.献身献身; ;专心于专心于 adj. adj. 忠实的忠实的; ;深爱的深爱的 n. n.关爱关爱; ;献身献身; ;奉献奉献; ;忠诚忠诚3.peaceful adj.3.peaceful adj.和平的和平的; ;平静的平静的; ;安宁的安宁的 adv. adv.和平地和平地 n. n. 和平和平; ;平静平静; ;和睦和睦4.guidance n.4.guidance n. 指导指
10、导; ;领导领导 vt. vt.带领带领, ,引导引导 n.n.向导向导5.violence n.5.violence n. 暴力暴力; ;暴行暴行 adj. adj. 暴力的暴力的; ;猛烈的猛烈的 adv. adv.猛烈地猛烈地activelyactivelyactivityactivitydevoteddevoteddevotiondevotionpeacefullypeacefullypeacepeaceguideguideviolentviolentviolentlyviolently6.equal adj.6.equal adj.相等的相等的; ;平等的平等的 n. n. 平等平等
11、; ;相等相等 adv. adv.同样地同样地; ;相等地相等地; ;公平地公平地7.educate vt.7.educate vt. 教育教育; ;训练训练 adj. adj.受过教育的受过教育的; ;有教养的有教养的 n. n.教育教育 n. n.教育工作者教育工作者; ;教育家教育家8.cruelty n.8.cruelty n.残忍残忍; ;残酷残酷 adj. adj.残忍的残忍的; ;残酷的残酷的 equalityequalityequallyequallyeducatededucatededucationeducationeducatoreducatorcruelcruel短短语语
12、记记忆忆1. 1. 失业失业2. 2. 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中3. 3. 丧失勇气或信心丧失勇气或信心 4. 4. 当权当权; ;上台上台5. 5. 求助于求助于; ;致力于致力于6. 6. 事实上事实上7. 7. 使充气使充气; ;爆炸爆炸8. 8. 设立设立; ;建立建立9. 9. 被判处被判处(徒刑徒刑) ) out of workout of workin troublein trouble lose heartlose heartcome to powercome to powerturn toturn toas a matter of
13、factas a matter of factblow upblow upset upset upbe sentenced tobe sentenced to句句型型整整理理1.1. the greatest number of the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress . laws stopping our rights and progress . 过去过去3030年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利, ,阻挡了我们的阻挡了我们的 进步进步2.2. we decide to
14、answer violence with we decide to answer violence with violence. violence.只有到这个时候只有到这个时候, ,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 3.I felt bad 3.I felt bad I talked to a group. I talked to a group. 我第一次向一个我第一次向一个( (参观参观) )小组谈论小组谈论( (罗本岛监狱的情况罗本岛监狱的情况) )时时, ,心里觉得心里觉得 很不好受。很不好受。 The last thirty years have seen The
15、 last thirty years have seen only then did only then did the first time the first time 重重点点语语法法The Attributive Clause () (where,when,why,prep.+which The Attributive Clause () (where,when,why,prep.+which whom)whom) 定语从句定语从句() (where,when,why,prep.+whichwhom)() (where,when,why,prep.+whichwhom)考点知识考点知识
16、 解疑难解疑难提知能提知能重点单词重点单词1.devote vt.1.devote vt.献身献身; ;专心于专心于归纳拓展归纳拓展devote oneself todevote oneself to献身于献身于; ;致力于致力于; ;专心于专心于devote.to.devote.to.把把奉献于奉献于be devoted to be devoted to 深爱深爱; ;致力于致力于devotion to devotion to 对对的专心的专心投入投入奉献奉献忠诚等忠诚等 单句填空单句填空Others insist that with children under increasing pr
17、essure Others insist that with children under increasing pressure (devote)their downtime to internships ( (devote)their downtime to internships (实习实习) or study, ) or study, theres still room for an institution that protects the lazy days theres still room for an institution that protects the lazy da
18、ys of childhood of childhood.(2018.(2018年年1111月浙江月浙江, ,阅读理解阅读理解B)B)Mothers Mothers (devote) to children can hardly be calculated.(devote) to children can hardly be calculated.to devoteto devotedevotiondevotion特别提示特别提示 在短语在短语devote.todevote.to中中toto为介词为介词, ,其后接名词或动词其后接名词或动词-ing-ing形式形式, ,类似类似短语还包括短语还
19、包括:look forward to:look forward to期盼期盼;get down to;get down to开始着手做开始着手做;beget used ;beget used toto习惯于习惯于;beget accustomed to;beget accustomed to习惯于习惯于;lead to;lead to导致导致;pay attention to;pay attention to注意注意;object to;object to反对。反对。2.equal adj.2.equal adj.相等的相等的; ;胜任的胜任的; ;平等的平等的 n. n.同等的人同等的人;
20、;相等物相等物 v. v.等于等于; ;抵得上抵得上归纳拓展归纳拓展be equal to+n.doing sth.be equal to+n.doing sth.等于等于; ;与与相等相等; ;有有 的能力的能力; ;胜任胜任A equals B in.AA equals B in.A在在方面比得上方面比得上B B或与或与B B相匹敌相匹敌完成句子完成句子Bill Bill ( (胜任胜任) (the task of) running the office.) (the task of) running the office.After all,not everyone has realiz
21、ed that wildlife has thoughts, After all,not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings,and most importantly, feelings,and most importantly, ( (同等生存的同等生存的 权利权利). ). (2019(2019江苏江苏, ,完形填空完形填空) )is equal tois equal toequal rights to surviveequal rights to survive3.escape v.& n.3.escape
22、 v.& n.逃脱逃脱; ;逃生逃生归纳拓展归纳拓展escape from escape from 从从逃脱逃脱, ,逃避逃避escape doing escape doing 避免做避免做a narrow escape a narrow escape 九死一生九死一生sth. escape(s) sb.sth. escape(s) sb.某物被某人遗忘某物被某人遗忘; ;未被注意未被注意完成句子完成句子 ( (午餐间隙午餐间隙)allows her to keep a boss from )allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the s
23、houlder tapping her on the shoulder.(2019.(2019全国全国,阅读理解阅读理解C)C)他险些溺死。他险些溺死。 He narrowly He narrowly . .翻译句子翻译句子我记不起他的名字了。我记不起他的名字了。 ，A lunchtime escapeA lunchtime escapeescaped being drownedescaped being drownedHis name escapes me.His name escapes me.4.reward n.4.reward n.报酬报酬, ,报答报答, ,奖赏奖赏; ;酬金酬金
24、v. v.酬劳酬劳, ,酬谢酬谢, ,报答报答, ,奖赏奖赏 归纳拓展归纳拓展in reward (for.)in reward (for.)作为作为( (对对的的) )报答报答, ,作为作为( (对对的的) ) 奖赏奖赏giveoffer a reward to sb. for sth.giveoffer a reward to sb. for sth.因某事给某人报因某事给某人报 酬酬( (或赏金或赏金) )reward sb.with sth. for (doing) sth.reward sb.with sth. for (doing) sth.为为( (做做) )某事而用某事而用 某
25、物奖赏某人某物奖赏某人完成句子完成句子If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something you can give it as often as your child does something ( (值得言语赞扬值得言语赞扬).).(2019(2019年年6 6月浙江月浙江, ,概要写
26、作概要写作) )我想做点什么报答她的好意。我想做点什么报答她的好意。 Id like to do something Id like to do something . .作者的母亲拿书来奖赏他。作者的母亲拿书来奖赏他。 The authors mother The authors mother . .that deserves a verbal rewardthat deserves a verbal rewardin reward for her kindnessin reward for her kindnessrewarded him with booksrewarded him wi
27、th books词语辨析词语辨析: :单词单词名词名词动词动词rewardreward报酬、奖金或一些非金钱的报报酬、奖金或一些非金钱的报酬酬指因对方的工作、服务、指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏reward sb.for (doing) reward sb.for (doing) sth.sth.因因( (做做) )某事而报答某事而报答奖励某人奖励某人award award 奖品奖品, ,奖金奖金, ,与与prizeprize相似相似授予授予, ,颁发颁发award sb. award sb. sth.=award sth. to sb.sth.=award
28、 sth. to sb.用用reward,awardreward,award的适当形式填空的适当形式填空He was He was Golden Lion,which Golden Lion,which him for his him for his achievement in films.achievement in films.他被授予金狮奖他被授予金狮奖, ,以此奖励他在电影方面的成就。以此奖励他在电影方面的成就。awardedawardedrewardedrewarded重点短语重点短语1.out of work 1.out of work 失业失业(=out of a job)(=
29、out of a job)归纳拓展归纳拓展out of control out of control 失控失控out of repair out of repair 失修失修out of order out of order 有毛病有毛病, ,出故障出故障out of date out of date 过时过时out of danger out of danger 脱险脱险out of placeout of place不适当不适当out of breathout of breath喘不上气喘不上气用用outout的词组填空的词组填空他必须正视失业这一现实。他必须正视失业这一现实。 He mu
30、st face the reality of being He must face the reality of being . .街角的电话又坏了。街角的电话又坏了。 The phone at the street corner is The phone at the street corner is again. again.out of workout of workout of order out of order 2.in trouble 2.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中( (表状态表状态) )归纳拓展归纳拓展askloo
31、k for troubleasklook for trouble找麻烦找麻烦; ;自讨苦吃自讨苦吃take trouble to do sth.take trouble to do sth.费力费力不辞辛苦地做某事不辞辛苦地做某事 ( (可根据语境在可根据语境在troubletrouble前加上前加上a lot ofa little a lot ofa little great great等等) )get intoout of troubleget intoout of trouble陷入陷入摆脱困境摆脱困境( (表动作表动作) )特别提示特别提示 “be in+be in+名词名词”结构结构
32、be in angerbe in anger生气生气 be in surprisebe in surprise惊讶惊讶be in a hurrybe in a hurry匆匆忙忙地匆匆忙忙地完成句子完成句子Getting a little closer,I realized one kayak(Getting a little closer,I realized one kayak(皮划艇皮划艇) ) ( (陷入困境陷入困境). ). (2018(2018全国全国,完形填空完形填空) )如果你这样摆弄危险的化学品如果你这样摆弄危险的化学品, ,你简直是在自讨苦吃。你简直是在自讨苦吃。 If y
33、ou play with dangerous chemicals like that youre just If you play with dangerous chemicals like that youre just . .他们费了很大的劲才说服父亲和他们住在一起。他们费了很大的劲才说服父亲和他们住在一起。 They They their father to live with their father to live with them. them.妈妈的心不在焉不仅让我们陷入困境妈妈的心不在焉不仅让我们陷入困境, ,而且还给了我们许多有趣的时刻。而且还给了我们许多有趣的时刻。 Mom
34、s being absent-minded not only Moms being absent-minded not only ,but,but also gave us many funny moments also gave us many funny moments.(2017.(2017年年1111月浙江月浙江, ,读后续写读后续写) )was in troublewas in troubleasking for troubleasking for troubletook great trouble to persuade took great trouble to persuade
35、 got us into much trouble got us into much trouble 3.lose heart3.lose heart丧失信心丧失信心归纳拓展归纳拓展lose onelose ones heart to sb.s heart to sb.爱上某人爱上某人heart and soulheart and soul全心全意全心全意from the bottom of sb.from the bottom of sb.s hearts heart从某人的心底从某人的心底lose face lose face 丢脸丢脸, ,失面子失面子put oneput ones he
36、art intos heart into一心扑在一心扑在上上用用heartheart的相关短语完成句子的相关短语完成句子当当SallySally发现她的新学生中有很多问题时发现她的新学生中有很多问题时, ,她没有失去信心。她没有失去信心。 When Sally found there were so many problems among her new When Sally found there were so many problems among her new students,she didnt students,she didnt . .我从心底里感谢她。我从心底里感谢她。 I
37、thanked her I thanked her . .事实上事实上, ,世上无难事世上无难事, ,只怕有心人。只怕有心人。 As a matter of fact,nothing is too difficult if you As a matter of fact,nothing is too difficult if you . .特别提示特别提示 短语短语“lose heartlose heart”中中heartheart前不许有任何修饰、限定成前不许有任何修饰、限定成分分,heart,heart也不用复数形式。也不用复数形式。lose heartlose heartfrom the
38、 bottom of my heartfrom the bottom of my heartput your heart into itput your heart into e tointo e tointo power当权当权; ;上台上台归纳拓展归纳拓展be in power be in power 当权当权; ;执政执政in onein ones power s power 在某人能力以内在某人能力以内; ;为某人能力所及为某人能力所及out ofbeyond oneout ofbeyond ones power s power 超出某人的能力超出某人的能力用用powerpower的相
39、关短语填空的相关短语填空新总统上个月开始执政。新总统上个月开始执政。 The new president The new president last month. last month.我恐怕无力帮助你。我恐怕无力帮助你。 Im afraid its not Im afraid its not to help you. to help you.这台电脑给你这台电脑给你5%5%的折扣的折扣, ,这真的超出了我的权限。这真的超出了我的权限。 It is really It is really to give you a 5% discount for this to give you a 5%
40、discount for this computer. computer.came into powercame into powerin my power in my power beyond my power beyond my power 重点句型重点句型1.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.1.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这个时候只有到这个时候, ,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。完成句子完成句
41、子只有在一年的友好讨论之后只有在一年的友好讨论之后,Garza,Garza女士才最终同意。女士才最终同意。 did Ms.Garza finally did Ms.Garza finally say yes. say yes.Only on special occasions(Only on special occasions(场合场合) ) ( (他们会他们会 把它拿出来把它拿出来)and let us hold it in our hands,” Adeline says.)and let us hold it in our hands,” Adeline says.(2019(2019年
42、年6 6月浙江月浙江, ,阅读理解阅读理解A)A)Only after a year of friendly discussion Only after a year of friendly discussion 特别提示特别提示 onlyonly修饰名词或代词位于句首作主语时修饰名词或代词位于句首作主语时, ,句子不用倒装。句子不用倒装。如如:Only a doctor can do it.:Only a doctor can do it.只有医生才能这样做。只有医生才能这样做。would they take it out would they take it out 2.I felt ba
43、d the first time I talked to a group.2.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 我第一次向一个我第一次向一个( (参观参观) )小组谈论小组谈论( (罗本岛监狱的情况罗本岛监狱的情况) )时时, ,心里觉得很不好受。心里觉得很不好受。 句中的名词短语句中的名词短语the first timethe first time引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句, ,意为意为“第一次第一次时时”。完成句子完成句子他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时就感兴趣。他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时就感兴趣。 He became int
44、erested in the young teachers lesson He became interested in the young teachers lesson . . 他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。 He paid back the money he owed us He paid back the money he owed us . .每次我在公园里看到这位老人时每次我在公园里看到这位老人时, ,他都在专注地读报。他都在专注地读报。 in the park,he is absorbed in in the park,he is absorbe
45、d in reading papers. reading papers.the first time he attended his classthe first time he attended his classimmediately he returned homeimmediately he returned homeEach time I see the old man Each time I see the old man 特别提示特别提示 for the first timefor the first time只用作句子的状语只用作句子的状语, ,不具有连词功能不具有连词功能,
46、,不可不可用来引导状语从句。用来引导状语从句。3.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws 3.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress . stopping our rights and progress . 过去过去3030年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利, ,阻挡了我们的进步阻挡了我们的进步 主语是时间或地点名词主语是时间或地点名
47、词, ,谓语是谓语是see,findsee,find等动词等动词, ,表示经历或目睹了某事。表示经历或目睹了某事。完成句子完成句子 ( (过去几年已经见证过去几年已经见证)environmental )environmental disasters on a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse disasters on a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse to come.to come.The last few years have seenThe last few years have seen点击进入点击进入 能力提升题组训练能力提升题组训练
