1、主语从句1. 主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2. that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。主语从句的引导词引导词作用引导词作用that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略how多么，怎样，作方式状语或程度状语who谁，作主语、宾语when何时，作时间状语whom谁，作宾语where在哪儿，作地点状语what什么，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语why为什么，作原因状语which哪一个，
2、哪些，作主语、宾语、定语whether是否主语从句的特殊用法（1）主语从句与定语从句的转换All that is needed has been bought.所有需要的都买了。（2）几个特殊句型之间的转换It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.As is known to all, China has joined the WTO.What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.众所周知，中国已加入WTO。从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题。(1)从句作主语时，谓语动词一
3、般用单数。That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us.他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。(2)what引导的从向作主语，谓语动词一般用单数;若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词常用复数。What she said is wrong.她所说的是错误的。练习：1. _ I like about him is that he is really witty and bubbly.（用适当的词填空）2. Surprisingly, _ began as nothing important in public a
4、ffairs has grown into a social movement. (用适当的词填空)3. _ many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and rivers.（用适当的单词填空）4. He is shy and quiet. However, _ he said at the meeting surprised everybody present. (用适
5、当的词填空)5. _ we will go camping or not depends on the weather. (用适当的词填空)6. It is recognised _ the environmental pollution has become more and more serious.（用适当的单词填空）7. _ developing countries need to do is to stop poverty by fighting the causes of it. (用适当的词填空)8. _ I do remember is the overwhelming fee
6、ling of happiness that washed over me.（用适当的词填空）9. Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but many people believe it was probably around 1565. (用适当的词填空)10. It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】1. What 2. what 3. What 4. what 5. W
7、hether 6. that 7. What 8. What 9. when 10. how【解析】1. 考查主语从句。句意：我喜欢他的一点是他真的很机智和活泼。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导主语从句，空后主语从句缺少宾语，表示喜欢的内容，所以空处需用连接代词what引导主语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。故填What。2. 考查主语从句。句意：令人惊讶的是，一开始并不是什么重要的公共事务渐渐变成了一种社会活动。此处为主语从句引导词，从句中缺少主语，指事情应用what引导。故填what。3. 考查主语从句。句意：许多科学家相信，水的持续存在使地球能够将有害气体和酸溶解到海洋和河流中。分析句子
8、结构可知，空处需用连接词引导主语从句，从句动词believe缺少宾语，表示具体的内容，所以空处需用连接代词what引导主语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。故填What。4. 考查主语从句。句意：他很害羞安静，然而，他在会议上所说的话让在场的每个人都震惊了。本句是主语从句，主句的谓语动词是surprised，从句缺少主语，根据句意，what表示“什么”符合句意，故填what。5. 考查连词。句意：我们是否要去露营取决于天气如何。本句是主语从句，谓语动词是depends，从句部分缺少“是否”的意思，根据后文的or not，可知填连词whether，故填Whether。6. 考查主语从句。句意：人们认识
9、到环境污染已变得越来越严重。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主语从句结构，it是形式主语，真正的主语是从句“the environmental pollution has become more and more serious.”且该从句句意完整，也不缺少主语和宾语，因此，该从句应该用that引导。故填that。7. 考查主语从句。句意：发展中国家需要做的是通过消除贫困的根源来消除贫困。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意“发展中国家需要做的”可知应用what引导，句首单词首字母要大写。故填What。8. 考查主语从句。句意：我所记得的是那种压倒一切的幸福的感觉。分析句子结构可知此处为主语从句
10、，从句中缺少宾语，表示“所记得的”应用what引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填What。9. 考查主语从句。句意：土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定，但是许多人认为可能是1565年左右。“Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe”是主语从句；根据句意，此处应用when引导主语从句，在从句中作时间状语。故填when。10. 考查连接词。句意：我们怎么能在这么短的时间内弄到这么多钱还是个问题。此处为主语从句，it作形式主语，主语从句中缺少方式状语，表示“怎么，如何”故应用how。故填how。巩固训练单词默背1. The government has
11、 made laws to _ (禁止) tobacco advertisements on TV. (根据汉语意思填空)2. When you _ (打喷嚏), air and often small drops of liquid suddenly come out of your nose and mouth in a way you cannot control. (根据汉语意思填空)3. He seems to be stuck with the_ (标签) of “troublemaker”.(根据汉语意思填空)4. She decided to _ (伸出) out her ha
12、nd and help the old man up from his chair. (根据汉语意思填空)5. Textbook writing can be an intellectually _ (有益的) activity. (根据汉语意思填空)6. The _ (茶壶) came with a stand to catch the drips of water. (根据汉语意思填空)7. He peeled the paper top off a little white tub and poured the _ (奶油) into his coffee. (根据汉语意思填空)8. W
13、e require grammar and spelling to be _ (准确的). (根据汉语意思填空)9. Its known to us that smoking do much damage to the_ (肺部). (根据汉语意思填空)10. We saw a mother _ (豹子) sleeping under the trees with her cubs. (根据汉语意思填空)阅读理解Watching what you eat can be easier said than done, but a recent study shows it might not ju
14、st be about whats on your plate it could be about how quickly it disappears.Japanese researchers followed 1,083 adults for five years, splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast. They also answered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study, sharing
15、 their diet, physical activity, and medical history. In the beginning, none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome (新陈代谢综合征)-meaning at least three risk factors which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes.When the participants reported back five years later, 84 had been di
16、agnosed (诊断) with metabolic syndrome and their eating speed was a major predictor, according to the results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow and normal eaters. Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, compared
17、 to 11.6 percent of fast eaters. But thats not all. Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters.The researchers say gobbling makes it easier not to take notice of fullness before your body has a chance to signal you to stop. “So when peopl
18、e eat fast they are more likely to overeat,” said Takayuki Yamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement.Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too. One study of New Zealand women found fast eaters have higher body-mass indexes (指数)
19、, and a Chinese study found that both healthy and fat men ate less when told to chew 40 times instead of 15 times before swallowing. Initial research even suggests chewing your food longer could bum more calories-up to about 1,000 extra every month.11. What are the participants divided by?A. Medical
20、 history.B. Health condition.C. Physical activity.D. Eating speed.12. Which may be the result of the study?A. Fast eaters are 4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.B. Normal and slow eaters dont have metabolic illness.C. 89% of fast eaters have higher blood pressure.D. Slow caters are healt
21、hier than fast eaters.13. What does the underlined word “gobbling” in Paragraph 4 best mean?A. Tasting slowly.B. Digesting quickly.C. Eating greedily.D. Cooking carefully.14. What does the last paragraph tell us?A. The importance of eating speed.B. The advantage of eating slowly.C. The result of a C
22、hinese study.D. Fast eating and overeating.用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a 15 (total) different country? If so, then you are a third-culture kid.The term “third-culture kid” 16 (use) in the 1960s
23、for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came across this phenomenon while 17 (research) North American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit 18 their intercultural experience and they often reach excellent academic results.Yet many 19 (difficulty) may arise from this phe
24、nomenon. Third-culture kids may not be able to adapt 20 (they) completely to their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard 21 (develop) new friendship. Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often 22 (easy) to move to a new country than to return to his homeland. For example, after liv
25、ing in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country 23 she was born. She didnt know anything about current TV shows 24 fashion trends. And she didnt share the same values as other teens of her age.七选五There are lots of things to pay attention to when the new school year starts. Alt
26、hough it is exciting for students, this yearly transition can also be a big source of stress. 25 Here are some ways to make your back-to-school experience as smooth as possible.Get organized. 26 You can set up a system that you can use right from the beginning of the term. Some students find that a
27、colorful binder (活页夹) helps them keep all their assignments in order. Others might benefit from keeping a weekly plan in a notebook.Make a schedule. Outline a daily plan for school projects, social events and activities. Make sure you record your assignments in the same place every week. Next, we su
28、ggest separating assignments into smaller, manageable steps, and then ordering those steps according to the project due date. 27 Finally, these steps will help you learn the time management skills. 28 One of the most important things you can do to ensure a great school year is to understand how you
29、learn best. Some children absorb information by listening; other students do best when information is conveyed visually, through charts or illustrations.Remember to take breaks. 29 As time goes by, they also seem to get fuller. Dont forget to build breaks into your routine. Even a two-minute walk ar
30、ound the house or quick snack can work wonders for a busy brain. We all need to take moments to reset our minds.A. Identify your learning style.B. Focus on the most effective time.C. You can join a famous organization.D. Make sure your study is free of the mess.E. The beginning of the year can feel
31、good for everyone.F. Luckily, you can deal with it well through some efforts.G. You can use the plan to manage daily homework and study time.答案单词默背【答案】1. prohibit 2. sneeze 3. label 4. stretch 5. rewarding6. teapot 7. cream 8. accurate 9. lung 10. leopard【解析】1. 考查动词。句意：政府已经制定法律禁止电视上的烟草广告。结合句意和汉语提示可知
32、，动词prohibit符合题意，空前的to是不定式符号，此处应使用动词原形。故填prohibit。2. 考查动词。句意：当你打喷嚏时，空气和常常是小滴的液体突然从你的鼻子和嘴巴里流出来，这种方式是你无法控制的。根据句意，所填词是句子的谓语，应是动词；句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；根据所给汉语意思，应是动词sneeze。故填sneeze。3. 考查名词。句意：他好像被人贴上了“麻烦制造者”的标签。根据空前的定冠词the可知，空处应填一个名词，结合汉语提示可知，label符合题意，故填label。4. 考查动词。句意：她决定伸出手帮助老人从椅子上站起来。空处应填一个动词，结合汉语提示可知s
33、tretch符合题意，空前to是不定式符号，所以此处填动词原形。故填stretch。5. 考查形容词。句意：编著课本，在知识方面是一个有益的活动。空处应填一个形容词作定语修饰名词activity，结合汉语提示可知rewarding符合题意。故填rewarding。6. 考查名词。句意：茶壶自带支架，可以接住水滴。根据汉语意思“茶壶”以及上文the，可知应填名词teapot，作主语。故填teapot。7. 考查名词。句意：他撕去一个白色小杯的纸盖子，把奶油倒进他的咖啡。根据空前的定冠词the可知，空处应填一个名词，结合汉语提示可知cream符合题意，故填cream。8. 考查形容词。句意：我们要
34、求语法和拼写准确。在be动词后应是形容词作表语；根据所给汉语意思，应是形容词accurate。故填accurate。9. 考查名词。句意：我们都知道吸烟对肺有很大的损害。根据汉语意思“肺部”以及上文the，可知应填名词lung，作宾语。故填lung。10. 考查名词。句意：我们看到一只母豹和她的幼崽们睡在树下。在不定冠词a后应是可数名词单数形式；根据所给汉语意思，应是名词leopard。故填leopard。阅读理解【答案】11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B【解析】本文为说明文。根据研究表明，吃的慢的人要比吃的快的人更健康。11. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“splitting the
35、m into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast.（根据他们吃得多快分成三类：慢，正常，快）”可知，参与者是根据吃东西的速度进行划分的。故选D。12. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“When the participants reported back five years later, 84 had been diagnosed(诊断)with metabolic syndrome and their eating speed was a major predictor, according
36、 to the results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow and normal eaters. Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, compared to 11.6 percent of fast eaters.（根据循环杂志的研究结果，当参与者在五年后报告时，84人被诊断为代谢综合征，他们的进食速度是一个主要的预测指标。吃得快的
37、人患代谢综合征的可能性比吃得慢的和正常的人高89%。只有2.3%的慢食者得到诊断，而快食者只有11.6%）”可知，五年后的调查表明，快食者比慢食者和正常食客更易患代谢综合症。只有2.3%的慢食者患代谢综合症，快食者却有11.6%。快食者也比慢食者的体重增加更多，腰围更大，血糖水平更高。由此可判断出慢食者比快速者更健康。故选D。13. 词句猜测题。根据下文“So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat,” said Takayuki Yamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiro
38、shima University in Japan in a statement.（“所以，当人们吃得快时，他们更容易吃得过饱，”研究作者、日本广岛大学心脏病专家山崎隆医学博士在一份声明中说）”本段是说人吃得快时会更容易吃的多，即你吃的快时，你不容易注意到已吃饱，吃的快就会吃的多即贪吃（Eating greedily）。故选C。14. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too.（先前的研究也证实了慢食对体重的好处）”及最后一句“Initial research even
39、 suggests chewing your food longer could bum more calories-up to about 1,000 extra every month.（最初的研究甚至表明，咀嚼食物的时间越长，燃烧的热量就越多每月增加1000卡路里）”可知，吃的慢是有好处的。故选B。用单词的适当形式完成短文【答案】15. totally 16. was used 17. researching 18. from 19. difficulties20. themselves 21. to develop 22. easier 23. where 24. or【解析】这是一篇
40、说明文。文章介绍了“第三文化孩子”这一概念，以及这种跨文化经历给孩子带来的优势和弊端。15. 考查副词。句意：你是不是在一种文化中长大，你的父母来自另一种文化，而你现在生活在一个完全不同的国家？空格后different意为“不同的”，形容词词性，前面应用副词修饰，total意为“完全的”，形容词词性，对应的副词形式为totally，意为“完全，全部地”。故填totally。16. 考查时态和语态。句意：“第三文化孩子”这个术语在20世纪60年代首次被Dr. Ruth使用。根据句中in the 1960s可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，句中third-culture kid和us
41、e之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，句子主语The term “third-culture kid为单个术语，与was连用，use的过去分词为used。故填was used。17. 考查省略句。句意：她在研究居住在印度的北美儿童时第一次遇到这种现象。空格处为while引导的时间状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语中包含be动词，故省略从句中的主语和be动词，还原之后的句子为“while she was researching North American children living in India”，research意为“研究”，句子主语she与research之间为逻
42、辑上的主动关系，故应用research的现在分词researching。故填researching。18. 考查固定短语。句意：一般来说，第三文化的孩子从他们的跨文化经验中受益，他们通常会取得优异的学习成绩。句中涉及固定短语“benefit from”，意为“从中获益”，句中指“从跨文化经验中受益”，符合句意。故填from。19. 考查名词。句意：然而，这一现象可能带来许多困难。句中many意为“许多的”，形容词词性，后接可数名词复数形式，difficulty意为“困难”，为可数名词，复数形式为difficulties。故填difficulties。20. 考查固定短语。句意：第三文化的孩子可
43、能无法完全适应他们的新环境。句中涉及固定短语“adapt oneself to”，意为“使自己适应或习惯于”，they的反身代词为themselves。故填themselves。21. 考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，他们经常发现很难建立新的友谊。句中涉及固定句型“find it hard to do sth.”，意为“发现做某事很难”，句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式结构，develop意为“发展”，动词词性，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填to develop。22. 考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，对于第三文化的孩子来说，移居到一个新的国家比回到自己的祖国容易得多。根据句意和句中关
44、键词than可知，句中把“移居到一个新的国家”和“回到自己的祖国”进行对比，应用比较级，easy意为“容易的”，形容词词性，比较级为easier。故填easier。23. 考查定语从句。句意：例如，在澳大利亚生活多年后，Louis终于回到了她出生的国家。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为定语从句，先行词为country，在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。24. 考查连词。句意：她对当前的电视节目和时尚潮流一无所知。根据句中didnt可知，句子为否定句，句中TV shows和fashion trends为并列关系，即对当前的电视节目“和”时尚潮流一无所知，否定句中
45、应用连词or连接并列成分。故填or。七选五【答案】25. F 26. D 27. G 28. A 29. E【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个在新学期开学前做好准备的方法。25. 前一句提到“新学期开始前的过渡期可能会给学生带来压力”，后一句引出下文“这里有几种方法”。F选项符合文义，属于过渡句，句意是“幸运的是，通过一些努力，你可以很好地应对这些压力”。故选F。26. 本段主旨大意是“在开学前，把与学习相关的事情都安排好”，这也就要求学生做到“不能让学习杂乱”；结合选项可知，选项D. Make sure your study is free of the mess.确保你的书房没有乱七八
46、糟的东西，与本段的主旨表示的意思一致。故选D。27. 根据本段“Make a schedule. Outline a daily plan for school projects, social events and activities.”可知，作者建议制定时间表。为学校项目、社会活动和活动制定每日计划；结合选项可知，选项G项的“the plan”和上文的“a daily plan”相呼应，符合题意。故选G。28. 本段主要讲了不同的学生有不同的学习风格，那么确定适合自己的学习风格就显得格外重要。结合选项可知，选项A. Identify your learning style.确定你的学习风格,与本段描述的内容意义一致。故选A。29. 根据后一句“As time goes by, they also seem to get fuller.”可知，随着时间的推移，人们似乎也越来忙碌，这和E项“一年的开始对于大家来说都是美好的”形成对比。故选E。
