1、Unit 5 Part 3Developing ideas &Presenting ideas基础过关练.单词拼写1.By (比较), Bill Clintons My Life sold around 400,000 copies on the first day.2.The black-necked crane (鹤) is one of the (最稀有的) species in the world.3.Red, orange and yellow create a (视觉的) feast and make the area a popular destination during au
2、tumn.4.The industrial civilization, while creating (巨大的) material wealth, has caused ecological crises.5.The survey found a wide (差别) in the prices charged for canteen food in some schools.6.These regions are home to many species of birds, some of which are (濒临灭绝的).用方框内短语的适当形式填空on behalf of;coexist
3、with;in return;result in;a variety of1.Its up to the teacher to provide types of input in the classroom.2.The production process and management of the resulting waste the release of greenhouse gases.3.He expressed his deep gratitude his family members for their timely help.4.You will need to learn t
4、olerance in order to others in your dormitory.5.He was motivated by love and expected nothing .单句语法填空1.The towns population is about 15,000 today, (compare) with 4,000 in 1950.2.The debate could (danger)the relationship between the two countries.3.Regardless of other factors, he continued to place (
5、secure)above all other objectives.4.Such a war could result in the use of chemical and (biology) weapons.5.This is probably the most common (greet) among strangers.6.Its (apparent) become a trend in schools to ban students from using smartphones.完成句子1.大多数被邀请参加会议的人是我的老朋友。Most of people were my old fr
6、iends.2.婚姻被认为是两个家庭之间的联合,而不是两个人的。A marriage the union of two families, not two individuals.3.他每天回家很晚,这使他的妻子很生气。He comes home late every day, .4.对我们来说,靠自己找到更好的方法是一个挑战。 to find a better way on our own.5.太阳使地球变暖,这对生物是十分重要的。The sun heats the Earth, to living things.课文语法填空In 2016, Shennongjia made it onto
7、 the UNESCO World Heritage List. It was awarded this status because it meets two criteria 1 (require) by the list. To begin with, it contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and various species to live and prosper. The region rises from about 400 metres 2 over 3,000 metres abov
8、e sea level, 3 (result) in a great variation in climatic conditions. Some of the plants and animals 4 (regard) as living fossils.Whats more, it is also one of the rare 5(location) in the world where scientists can observe the 6 (ecology) and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals
9、develop and evolve. According to official statistics, over 3,000 plant species and about 4,300 insects have been recorded. Shennongjia also supports more than 600 vertebrate species. Therefore, 7 is a challenge to look after so many species. Thanks to peoples efforts, the Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys p
10、opulation has doubled since the 1980s. The most impressive aspect is the local people, 8 take things from nature without 9 (cause) damage. All of this highlights how understanding, 10 (aware) and hard work have contributed towards protecting the unique natural world.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.能力提升
11、练.阅读理解People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans that are similar to humans, living for around 50 to 70 years.Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a substantial number of genes tha
12、t stop tumors developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.According to the research, the extra copies of the gene improve the animals sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly
13、kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution(进化) of large body sizes in many animals,” the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch told The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming
14、cancerous, large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and rats. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in th
15、e 1970s and later named “Petos paradox”. Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not use. In the elephants case, the making of TP53 is natures way of keeping this species alive.The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life
16、in rats, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first place.“Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer,” said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist at
17、the School of Medicine, the University of Utah. “Its up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.”1.Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer?A.They have a rather large body size.B.Their genes suffer no DNA damage.C
18、.Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors.D.They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing.2.According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals?A.Deadly tumors.B.The huge body mass.C.Cells killing themselves.D.Sensitivity to DNA damage.3.What does the underl
19、ined part “This phenomenon” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?A.Larger animals have protection from TP53.B.The risk of cancer is not related to body sizes.C.Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones.D.The huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have.4.What can be co
20、ncluded from the passage?A.Depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.B.The TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people.C.Humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53.D.The extra copies of elephants genes are used to cure cancer patients.七选五Leonardo
21、da Vinci and NatureIn the modern world, art and science are two dramatically separate activities, but in Leonardos time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 1 Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movem
22、ents of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. 2Mathematics is also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed
23、 relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. 3 More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done”.“Mysterious nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wro
24、te Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that controlled nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than the opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. 4 His purpo
25、se was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature.5 His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk
26、 with a pen and a ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world.A.Leonardo was always drawing.B.How could these be connected with art?C.Leonardo was also an influential philosopher.D.Mathematicians and doctors worked to disc
27、over the unknown.E.Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.F.Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.G.You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使
28、之构成一篇完整的短文。Long, long ago, in the far away land, there was a beautiful kingdom with its unique rule. The rule said, everyone may become the king, with all of his rights to govern(管理) the country for five years. After that, he must be caught, his body would be tied and he would be thrown away to a re
29、mote island where the jungle was thick and there were plenty of wild animals and no human.Then, one by one, people became the king. The first man said, “OK, Im ready to be the king.” And he was a king for five years. What he did in his five years was enjoying his position. He threw big parties, went
30、 to many beautiful places, married many women, collected many luxurious things and did other things that pleased himself. Those were all he did and he never prepared anything for his future. Until one day the time came. One morning when the king woke up, suddenly strong soldiers came to his palace a
31、nd said, “We came here under the order of the constitution(章程). Now its time for you to be thrown away to the remote island.” The king wasnt surprised but he felt that time passed by too fast. He had enjoyed himself in the past five years but now he had to accept his destiny with tears in his eyes.
32、The soldiers sent him to the dangerous island and left. All they heard was the voices of the wild animals and the long scream of the former king; and then it was silent again.Every other king was the same until a young man came and declared his wish. By the constitution he was granted his wish. He w
33、ould be a king for five years before being thrown away to the island. But if other kings would follow their passion for having fun, he didnt. The king was always seen to be thinking.注意:续写词数应为150左右。Paragraph 1:And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision.Paragraph 2:Finally the time ca
34、me when the king had to be thrown away to the island.参考答案基础过关练parison2.rarest3.visual4.vast5.variation6.endangered.1.a variety of2.result in3.on behalf of4.coexist with5.in returnpared考查非谓语动词。句意:与1950年的4,000人相比,现在该镇的人口约为15,000人。compared with是固定短语,在这里作状语,意为“和相比”。2.endanger考查动词。句意:这场争论可能会危害两国间的关系。情态动词
35、could后应跟动词原形,故填 endanger,意为“危害,危及”。3.security考查名词。句意:不管其他因素,他继续将安全置于其他所有目标之上。设空处作动词place的宾语,故填名词security,意为“安全”。4.biological考查形容词。句意:这样一场战争可能会导致生化武器的使用。设空处和chemical(化学的)并列,故填形容词biological,意为“生物的,生物性的”。5.greeting考查名词。句意:这可能是陌生人之间最常见的问候了。the most common是形容词的最高级,其后应用名词。故填greeting。6.apparently考查副词。句意:禁止
36、学生使用智能手机显然已经成为学校里的一种趋势。应用副词修饰谓语动词。故填apparently。.1.invited to the conference2.is regarded as3.making his wife very angry4.It is a challenge for us5.which is very important.1.required考查过去分词。句意:它被授予这个地位是因为它符合名录中要求的两个标准。根据句意和句子结构可知,设空处为过去分词作后置定语。2.to考查介词。句意:这一地区的海拔从400米左右上升到3,000多米,造成了气候条件的巨大变化。rise fro
37、m.to.从上升到。故填to。3.resulting考查现在分词。句意同上。设空处为现在分词作结果状语,表示一种自然的结果。易错分析此处易错填results或resulted。错填results的原因是把此处误认为是和rises并列的谓语动词,但由于设空处前没有连词and,所以不可能是并列谓语;此处指前面整个句子造成的结果,作结果状语,与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,而resulted表示被动,故不能使用。4.are regarded考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:有些动植物被认为是活化石。Some of the plants and animals与regard之间为被动关系,故应用被动语态;此
38、处描述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,且主语表示复数。故填are regarded。5.locations考查名词复数。句意:而且,它也是世界上罕见的地方之一,在那里科学家们可以观察到动植物成长和进化进程中发生的生态和生物过程。one of+可数名词复数,表示“之一”。6.ecological考查形容词。句意同上。设空处与 biological 并列,修饰名词processes。故填形容词ecological。7.it考查形式主语。句意:因此,照顾这么多物种是个挑战。根据句子结构可知,此处应是形式主语,真正主语是后面的动词不定式短语to look after so many species。故填
39、it。8.who考查定语从句的关系词。句意:最令人印象深刻的方面是当地人,他们从大自然中获取东西而不造成破坏。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词为the local people,关系词在从句中作主语,指人。故填关系代词who。9.causing考查动名词。句意同上。介词without后应跟动名词。故填causing。10.awareness考查名词。句意:所有这些都凸显了理解、意识和努力工作是如何有助于保护这个独特的自然世界的。与设空处并列的成分都为名词,故此处应填aware的名词形式。能力提升练.本文主要介绍了美国芝加哥大学的一个团队发现大象携带大量阻止肿瘤发展的基因。在动物的进化中肿
40、瘤是极大的威胁,而物种患癌症的概率和它们的体型没有关系。在大象的案例中,TP53的形成是让这个物种存活的自然方法,因此人们有望通过合成TP53来预防癌症。1.D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a substantial number of genes that stop tumors developing. 可知,美国芝加哥大学的一个团队发现大象携带大量阻止肿瘤发展的基因。根据第四段可知,动物形成癌症和动物的体型大小无关,故A项不正确;根据第三段中the extra
41、 copies of the gene improve the animals sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors可知,大象的基因提高了对DNA损伤的敏感度,使细胞受损后,在形成致命肿瘤之前迅速自杀,并不是B项“大象的基因不会受到DNA 损伤”;也不是C项“它们体内的某些基因会杀死现有的肿瘤”。所以D选项是正确的。2.A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“An increased
42、risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution (进化) of large body sizes in many animals,” the study.可知,患癌症风险的增加阻碍了许多大体型的动物的进化。B项意为“巨大的体重”,在文中只提到其与增加患癌症的风险没有联系,而A项“致命的肿瘤”才是真正的风险;C项“细胞自杀”和D项“对DNA损坏的敏感度”都是动物保护自己不受癌症威胁的方式,不是风险。所以A选项是正确的。3.B推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句But across species, the risk of
43、cancer does not show a connection with body mass.可知This phenomenon指的是物种患癌症的概率和它们的体重没有关系。A项“大型动物受到 TP53的保护”和C项“大型动物患癌症的风险与小型动物相同”是画线部分以下内容,但不是画线部分的内容。D项“越大的动物,患癌症的风险就越大”不符合文章原意,且也不是本段开头所指的“这种现象”。所以B选项是正确的。4.C主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句Its up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we
44、can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.可知,我们可以使用那些策略来预防人类得癌症。而根据倒数第三段最后一句In the elephants case, the making of TP53 is natures way of keeping this species alive.可知,TP53的形成是让大象存活的自然方法。由此推知,人们有望通过合成TP53来预防癌症。人类需要制出TP53来对抗癌症,故A项“依靠大自然对抗癌症肯定足够了”不准确;文章倒数第二段只提到当同样的基因在老鼠身上起作用时,它们和大象具有相同的抗癌能力,但
45、并未像B项所说“TP53基因已被证明在阻止人类得癌症方面很有用”或D项所说“大象基因的额外复制品被用于治疗癌症患者”。所以C选项是正确的。.这是一篇说明文。通过对达芬奇进行艺术创作这一事件进行以下方面的说明:数学、音乐与艺术的关系,以及自然与艺术的关系。1.B由设空处前面两句可知,在莱昂纳多的时代,科学与艺术紧密相连。科学意味着数学和医学研究。B项“那这些是如何与艺术相联系的呢?”符合语境。2.G由设空处前的place things和in a drawing or painting可知接下来是对一幅画及其布局的描述。G项“你会看到一个好的例子,在最后的晚餐这幅画里(人物)位置的安排。”符合语境
46、。3.F本段描述的是与音乐有关的话题,数学与音乐的关系。因此可以推出达芬奇也应该熟悉并精通音乐。F项“莱昂纳多他自己就是一个非常优秀的音乐家,喜欢演奏乐器和唱歌。”符合语境。4.E在设空处前面的描述中可以得知:达芬奇在探寻这些规则的时候,认真仔细地观察大量的实例和细节。实践经历比起他自己的观点更重要,然后他经常通过事实得出观点。接下来会描述他到底想要做什么。因此E项“首先,莱昂纳多想要理解事物是如何运作的,又为什么会这么运作。”符合语境。5.A设空处后面的内容主要围绕画画来讲,设空处位于这一段的开头,有总领全段的作用,故A项“莱昂纳多总是画画。”符合语境。.One possible version:Paragraph 1:And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision.He decided to use all his rights to prepare for his life at the remote island. In the first year he sent troops, veterinarians and animal trainers to kill the wild animals or train them for good use. The task was so
