1、Teaching ObjectivesMaster the key words and structures, and learn something about the rainforest. The students are required to understand the importance of environmental protection.Key PointsVocabularyStructuresabsorbatmospherecontain economicestablishgreenhouse impression processpurchase rainforest
2、 resourcesolutionvaryspeed upno more thancarbon dioxideIt is the modern world that has speeded upIt is people themselves who are the biggest causeReading Skills Understanding paragraphs: How to identify the topicTeaching ProceduresLead-in; Reading of the Text; Exercises; Listening and Speaking; Phon
3、etics; Use the Right Word; Grammar Tips; Hands-on Exploration; Practical Reading; Practical WritingText StudyLead InLanguage ApplicationListening and SpeakingConsolidationDrills for PRETCO TestLead In1. Paradise Lost2. Rainforest3. Christopher Columbus (14511506)4. The Amazon (River)5. Topic-related
4、 Words and PhrasesText Study 1. Global Reading2. Detailed ReadingQuestions and AnswersText AnalysisConsolidation1. Dictation2. Words and Phrases3. Listening Practice4. Group Discussion2. SpeakingListening and Speaking1. Listening3. Phonetics3. Language Points Practical Reading Language ApplicationPr
5、actical WritingAgenda 1. Sample2. Notes of Format4. Do It Yourself Drills for PRETCO Test1. Listening Comprehension2. Vocabulary and Structure3. TranslationParadise Lost The masterpiece of the English poet John Milton (16081674) and one of the greatest poems in world literature. It was published in
6、1667 and tells the story of Satans (撒旦撒旦) rebellion against God and his expulsion from heaven and the subsequent temptation and expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.Satans expulsion from Heaven Temptation of Adam and Eve by Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of EdenRainforest Woo
7、dland characterized by lush vegetation and heavy rainfall. Rainforests are the worlds most biologically diverse ecosystems. Although they cover less than 10 percent of the Earths surface, tropical rainforests provide habitat for 50 to 90 percent of the worlds plant and animal species. Tropical rainf
8、orests are called the “jewel of the Earth”, the “Earths lungs”, and the “worlds largest pharmacy” because of the large amount of natural medicines discovered there. The largest tropical rainforests exist in South Americas Amazon basin (the Amazon Rainforest), in the equatorial portions of the Democr
9、atic Republic of Congo, and in much of Indonesia. Temperate rainforests, dominated by only a few species of trees, are found along the Pacific coast of North America from Alaska through Washington state, in the former Yugoslavia, and in parts of Japan.Tropical rainforest Temperate rainforest Distrib
10、ution of tropical rainforestsChristopher Columbus (14511506) Italian Spanish navigator who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, in an attempt to find a shorter route to India. He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 14921504. He achieved fame by making
11、landfall inthe Americas, which he later called the “New World”. The arrival of his ships in the Western Hemisphere was one of the pivotal events in world history. It opened up a new world for Europeans and initiated the spread of Western civilization to a new hemisphere.Four Voyages of Christopher C
12、olumbus The Amazon River is the largest river in the world. With its more than 1,000 tributaries, the Amazon River network encompasses almost half of South America. The Amazon itself is 6,516 km (4,050 miles) long. Only the Nile River is longer. Its total drainage basin is nearly as large as the ent
13、ire United States, with roughly half in Brazil and the rest in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Venezuela. The Amazon Basin has a very warm and humid climate. It rains almost 200The Amazon (River)200 days of the year, and the annual rainfall exceeds 2,000 mm (80 inches). The Amazon has by far the greates
14、t total flow of any river, carrying more water than the Mississippi, Nile, and the Yangtze Rivers combined.The Amazon BasinTopic-related Words and Phrases deforestation: the removal of the forest by humans chiefly as a result of clearing land for commercial and industrial development. The rate of cl
15、earance has been increasing rapidly. Estimates of deforestation of tropical forest for the 1990s range from ca. 55,630 km to ca. 120,000 km each year. At this rate, all tropical forests may be gone in less than 80 years. Deforestation is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenho
16、use effect, the promotion of soil erosion and the destruction of the habitats that support biological diversity.Satellite images of progressive deforestation (in 1975, 1986, 1992 from left to right.)ecology: the branch of science that studies the distribution and abundance of living organisms, and t
17、he interactions between organisms and their physical and biological environment. The physical environmentenvironment includes light and heat or solar radiation, moisture, wind, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients in soil, water, and atmosphere. The biological environment includes organisms of the same
18、 kind as well as other plants and animals. El Nio: Originally recognized by fishermen off the coast of South America (Peru and Ecuador), El Nio is the warming of the surface waters of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean that occurs at irregular intervals of 27 years, usually lasting 12 years. Becau
19、se this condition often occurs around Christmas, local fishermen named it El Nio (Spanish for boy child, referring to the Child, Jesus). In most years the warming lasts only a few weeks or a month. However, when El Nio conditions last for many months, more extensive ocean warming occurs and economic
20、 resultsChart of abnormal ocean surface temperatures C observed in December 1997can be disastrous. Recent El Nios have occurred in 19861987, 19911992, 1993, 1994, 19971998, 20022003, and a new El Nio has been in effect since September 2004.global warming: a term used to describe an increase, over a
21、period of time, of the average temperature of Earths atmosphere. Global warming theories attempt to account for the rise in average global temperatures since the late 19th century (about 0.6) and assess the extent to which the effects are due to human causes. The most common global warming theories
22、attribute temperature increases to increases in the greenhouse effect caused primarily by anthropogenic (human-generated) carbon dioxide and to possible increases in solar activity.The instrumental record of global average temperatures as compiled by the Climatic Research Unit of the University of E
23、ast Anglia and the Hadley Centre of the UK Meteorological Officeozone: pale blue, highly poisonous gas with a strong odor. Ozone is considered a pollutant at ground level, but the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere protects life on Earth from the Suns harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ozone is one of
24、three forms, called allotropes, of the element oxygen. Ozone is triatomic, meaning that it has three atoms in each molecule (formula O3). Ordinary, or diatomic, oxygen (O2) is more stable than ozone and accounts for the bulk of oxygen in the atmosphere. Electrical sparks and ultraviolet light can ca
25、use ordinary oxygen to form ozone. The presence of ozone sometimes causes a detectable odor near electrical outlets.Questions and AnswersDirections: Skim the paragraphs for answers to the following questions. He thought it was most beautiful and quite different from that in Europe, with flowers and
26、fruits, and little birds singing sweetly.Paragraph One:Question:Answer: How did Columbus think of the rainforest?Paragraph Two:His description was the first known written one about the rainforest.Question:Answer: What is special about Columbus description of the rainforest?Paragraph Three:In the aut
27、hors view, the rainforests are the oldest.Question:Answer: What are the oldest communities of living things on the Earth?Paragraph Four:The rainforests cover no more than seven percent of the Earths surface today.Question:Answer: What do you know about the rainforests in the world today? Paragraph F
28、ive:“The secondary growth” refers to the new growth after the original growth has been destroyed.Question:Answer: What is “the secondary growth”?Modern technology doubtlessly increases efficiency when people try to cut down trees. Paragraph Six: How does the modern world speed up the process of dest
29、ruction? Answer:Question:It is human beings who are to blame for such destruction.Paragraph Seven:Who is to blame for the destruction of rainforests?Answer:Question:When the trees are cut down, the soil washes away easily.Paragraph Eight:How does the land become desert according to the passage?Answe
30、r:Question:Answer:Paragraph Nine:What caused the problem mentioned in this passage?Question:The problem is mainly caused by the governments that have to pay their debts, the settlers who need money to feed their families, and the companies that want to make profits.Text AnalysisMain Ideas Columbus f
31、irst description of rainforests.Although beautiful, rainforests are fragile.The city of London was once covered by rainforests. Para. 1 Para. 2Para. 3 ParagraphsToday rainforests only exist in a small part of the world.Para. 4 The effect of the clearing of rainforests.Para. 5 Main Ideas Modern techn
32、ology speeds up the destruction.Human beings are the biggest cause of destruction.The negative effect on land, climate and global temperature.Para. 6Para. 7Para. 8Paragraphs The economic origin of the problem and the solution.Para. 9 Rainforests are one of the most valuable natural gifts in the worl
33、d, but now they are dying out. What has happened?Reading Christopher Columbus said that he had never seen anything so beautiful, trees “beautiful and green, different from ours, with flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly”. The great navigators impression is the first known writ
34、ten description of a rainforest. It remains hard to beat. Rainforests are extraordinarily beautiful, but the beauty is fragile. Paradise Lost? Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of London, and rainforests were then over 30 million years old. That makes them the oldest communit
35、ies of living things on the planet. Today the worlds rainforests cover no more than seven per cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50 percent of the Earths living species. The greatest and most famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil, whose Amazon Basin, with w
36、ith its thousands of small and large streams, is almost totally covered by trees. The rest of the worlds rainforests can only be found in West Africa, South-East Asia, and the Pacific islands. When the rainforests are cleared, they take a long time to come back. A few rapidly growing species quickly
37、 become established, but this secondary growth, as it is called, is far less rich and varied. Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has speeded up the process of destruction. Once, it took a team of men a whole day to cut down a giant tree. Now, a single man can do it in ten minutes. S
38、ince 1945 half of the worlds rainforests have come down. It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of destruction. The wealthy own the best land, and the poor of the world are forced to find land where they can find it and it is there, under the trees. So the trees are removed. When trees di
39、sappear from the land, the water sources suddenly disappear. The land itself washes away, either becoming very poor or complete desert. Worse still, the climate is likely to change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The gas rises and traps the suns heat
40、in much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse, leading to a slow but steady build-up of temperature. What is the way out, then? Both the problem and the solution seem to be economic. Governments still need money to pay their debts, settlers still need money to feed their families, and companies
41、still need to make profits. On the other hand, by purchasing renewable rainforest products, and demanding sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources, we all can be part of the solution and it is human beings that will be saved.die out: become extinct or cease to exist gradually 灭绝，逐渐消失灭绝，逐渐消失e.g
42、.Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.Its a custom which is beginning to die out.die off: die gradually one by one, till none are left (refers to animals or plants) 相继死去直至死光（常指动物或植相继死去直至死光（常指动物或植物）物）e.g.The widow was still in her middle-age when her relatives died off.cf. description n. a statem
43、ent or a piece of writing that tells what sth. or sb. is like 描写，记述，描述描写，记述，描述e.g. I gave the police a description of the stolen jewellery.The beauty of the Rockies is beyond description.Extended words: describe, descriptiveIt remains hard to beat.Paraphrase: The written description of a rainforest
44、in the New World has always been one of the best of its kind.beat v. defeat (a competitor), or do or be better than (sb. or sth.) 击败；胜过击败；胜过e.g. We played the top class at football but we couldnt beat them.The room wasnt much, but it beat driving to a hotel 20 miles away.extraordinarily ad. very unu
45、sually 非常地，特别地，格外非常地，特别地，格外e.g. Her last album was extraordinarily successful.We found him extraordinarily well-informed on American affairs.fragile a. easily damaged, broken, or harmed 易被损坏的；易碎的；易被损坏的；易碎的；脆弱的脆弱的e.g. Be careful with that vase its very fragile.I felt rather fragile (= weak) for a few
46、 days after the operation.make v. cause to be, become, usually by having the necessary qualities or characteristics 使成为使成为, 成为成为e.g. Its the good weather that makes Spain such a popular tourist destination.Iced tea makes a good drink in summer.She decided the back room would make a good munity n. th
47、e people living in one particular area or people who are considered as a unit because of their common interests, background or nationality; a group of animals or plants that live or grow together 社区，社会，公社区，社会，公众，众，界；（生态）群落界；（生态）群落e.g. Bus fares were raised despite the protests of the community.Her s
48、peech caused outrage among the scientific community.no/not more than: used to emphasize how small a number or amount is 只不只不过，仅仅过，仅仅e.g. There are beautiful mountains not more than ten minutes drive away.Each box requires no more than a few hours of labor to build.contain v. have sth. inside, or hol
49、d sth. 包含，含有包含，含有e.g. Factory shops contain a wide range of cheap furnishings.The book contains all the information you need.species n. a class of plants or animals whose members have the same main characteristics and are able to breed with each other（植物或动物的）种，物种，人种（植物或动物的）种，物种，人种e.g. Pandas are an
50、endangered species.There are several thousand species of trees here.remaining a. still left or still existing 剩下的，剩余的剩下的，剩余的e.g. The United States has withdrawn the remaining staff from its embassy.The three parties will meet next month to work out the remaining differences.Extended word: remainclea
