1、 volcano erupt supply typhoonin the open air hurricanesurviven. (pl. -oes or -os)火山火山vi.&vt. (火山火山)爆发爆发; (岩浆、烟等岩浆、烟等)喷出喷出 n. 供应供应（量）（量）；补给；补给；pl. 补给品补给品 vt. 供应；供给供应；供给n. 台风台风露天；在户外露天；在户外n. ( (尤指西大西洋的）尤指西大西洋的）飓风飓风vi. 生存；存活生存；存活vt. 幸存；艰难度过幸存；艰难度过Describe pictures of disastersUnit 4 Discovering Useful
2、Structures1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.2. Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.3. Two thirds of the people who lived there wer
3、e dead or injured.4. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.5. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destr
4、oyed. 两个简单句：两个简单句：A man is standing there.The man is my brother.= 主从复合句：主从复合句：The man who is standing there is my brother.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词；代词或句子先行词一般是名词；代词或句子关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词：引导定语从句的词在复合句中，主句中的名词和代在复合句中，主句中的名词和代词可以由从句来修饰。这种用来词可以由从句来修饰。这种用来修饰主句中的名词和代词的从句修饰主句中的名词和代词的从句就叫做就叫做定语从句定语从句。
5、关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词起着起着代词和连词代词和连词的作用，的作用，在从句中充当在从句中充当主语，宾语主语，宾语或定语或定语起着起着副词或介词短语和连副词或介词短语和连词词的作用，在从句中充当的作用，在从句中充当状语状语The man ( who is standing there) is my brother.关系词的作用：关系词的作用：代替前面的先行词在从句中代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分充当一定的成分把两个句子把两个句子连接连接起来构成一个复合句起来构成一个复合句1. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience th
6、at my great-grandma can not forget.2. The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.3. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.4. Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.5. A doctor with
7、whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.常见的关系代词有常见的关系代词有_,_,_,_,_,_,_和和_，常在从句中充当，常在从句中充当_,_,_和和_。thatwhowhichwhosewhom主语主语宾语宾语定语定语(充当充当 )(充当充当 )(充当充当 )(充当充当 )(充当充当 )宾语宾语主语主语主语主语定语定语宾语宾语(1) He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. (2) The film (which) they w
8、ent to see last night was not interesting at all. 1. which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语宾语时常可时常可省略省略。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2. who指人，作主语或宾语指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）。作宾语可省略）。(1) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.(2) The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.3. whom指人，作宾语
9、指人，作宾语 (作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省省) (1) Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning?(2) The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 4. that指指人人时，相当于时，相当于who或或whom； 指指物物时，相当于时，相当于which。 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语宾语时常可时常可省略省略。(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) The c
10、lassroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(3) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? 5. whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。whose既可指人，也可指物。既可指人，也可指物。指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人( (人人/ /物物) )的的主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语宾语
11、宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省不可省不可省总结：总结：1、 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用当先行词指物时，关系代词可用 ，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可 ；2、 当先行词指人时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当先行词指人时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时可用可用 ， 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可用关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可用 _,并且可并且可 ；3、 当关系代词在定语从句中作定语修饰名词时可当关系代词在定语从句中作定语修饰名词时可用用 。which/that省略省略who/tha
12、twho/whom/that省略省略whoseI am sure she has something you can borrow. 先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, (1)little, much, none等不定代词时等不定代词时, 只用只用that。Note1 thatThis is the first book he has read.This is the very book belongs to him.(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，只用先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，只用that。(4) 先行词被先
13、行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, just, last 修饰时，只用修饰时，只用that。Ive read all the books are not mine. (2) 先行词先行词指物指物被被all, every, no, some, any, little, few much等修饰时，只用等修饰时，只用that。thatthatthat (5) 当主句为以当主句为以who或或which开头的特殊疑问句开头的特殊疑问句, 只用只用that。 (6) 先行词同时包含了人和物时。先行词同时包含了人和物时。 Who is the man is
14、standing there?We talked about the persons and things we could remember.thatthat 当先行词是当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等等, 指人时一般用指人时一般用who, 不用不用that。 Those want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. (2) 非限制性定语从句中，指人用非限制性定语从句中，指人用who和和whom，指物只能，指物只能用用which，
15、不能用，不能用thatFootball, is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.Note2 whowhichHe is the student you want to see.Im looking for a container in I can put all these peaches. (3)关系代词关系代词that, which , whom 在从句中作宾语时可省略在从句中作宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略, 而且只能用而且只能用whom/which。who, whom,
16、 that, 省略省略whichThis is one of the books which (be) written by Charles Dickens. He is the only one of the boys in our class who (have) learned French.He said he was a Frenchman, which (be) not true.拓展：定语从句中的主谓一致拓展：定语从句中的主谓一致werehaswas指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；
17、物物物人人人人( (人人/ /物物) )的的主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省不可省不可省用法用法1. 先行词为先行词为all， everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much等不定代词等不定代词2. 先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰修饰3. 先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物4. 先行词被先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very
18、，the last，just，right等修饰等修饰5. 先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句中引导的主句中先行词是先行词是one，ones，anybody，anyone，all，none，those等等一般一般用用that而而不用不用which一般一般用用who不用不用that. . 用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。1. Do you still remember the earthquake _ happened ten years ago? 2. It is a good choice for tourists _ prefer visiting places of h
19、istorical interest.3. This is the pilot with _ my brother has worked for ten years.4. Could you please pass me the book _ cover is green? 5. Jackson likes the bike _ his uncle gave him as a birthday gift.that/whichthat/whowhomwhosethat/which6. The school in _ my sister once studied is very famous.7. Professor Yang is a person from _ I have learned a lot. 8. The boy _ parents are teachers is my classmate.9. Lucy called her brother _ she hadnt seen for five years.10. It is the most interesting story _ I have ever heard.whichwhomwhosethat/whom/whothat
