1、Unit 1People of AchievementLearning About Language 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句【情境探究情境探究】 观察上面对话观察上面对话, 并完成句子并完成句子: (1)Tom broke the window, _made his mother angry. 汤姆打碎了窗户汤姆打碎了窗户, 让他妈妈很生气。让他妈妈很生气。(2)The father was repairing the desk _was broken by his son. 这位父亲正在修理被他儿子弄坏的桌子。这位父亲正在修理被他儿子弄坏的桌子。whichwhich/ that(3
2、)They finally gave up the plan _they worked out last night. 他们最终放弃了昨天晚上想出的计划。他们最终放弃了昨天晚上想出的计划。which/ that【要义详析要义详析】一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别名称名称限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用作用起限定作用起限定作用, 限制或约限制或约束先行词束先行词, 不可去掉不可去掉, 否则主句意义不完整否则主句意义不完整对整个句子的意义对整个句子的意义并不重要并不重要, 即使去掉即使去掉, 原句仍有意义原句仍有意
3、义结构结构不用逗号与主句隔开不用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开功能功能先行词不可缺少的定先行词不可缺少的定语语对先行词起补充说对先行词起补充说明作用明作用名称名称限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句引导引导词词a. 作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略, 介介词之后的关系词不能词之后的关系词不能省省b. 可用可用thata. 作宾语时不可省作宾语时不可省略略b. 不可用不可用that*This is the fact that I have collected till now. 这就是我迄今收集到的事实。这就是我迄今收集到的事实。(限制性定语从句限制性定语从句
4、, 先行先行词是词是the fact)*The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 那部小说那部小说, 我昨晚读的那本我昨晚读的那本, 非常有趣。非常有趣。(非限制性定非限制性定语从句语从句, 先行词是先行词是the novel)*The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad. 这部小说很有意思这部小说很有意思, 这让我很高兴。这让我很高兴。(非限制性定语从非限制性定语从句句, 先行词是前面整句话先行词是前面整句话)【名师点津名师点津】非限制性定语从句非限制性
5、定语从句(1)形式上形式上: 用逗号用逗号“, ”与主句隔开。与主句隔开。(2)意义上意义上: 只是对先行词的补充说明只是对先行词的补充说明, 若删除若删除, 主句仍主句仍能表达完整的意思。能表达完整的意思。(3)译法上译法上: 通常译成主句的并列句。通常译成主句的并列句。【即学活用即学活用】(1)This is an important present, _I received yesterday. (2)Football is a game _is liked by most boys. (3)(2017天津高考天津高考)My eldest son, _work takes him all
6、 over the world, is in New York at the moment. whichwhich/thatwhose二、非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法二、非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法1. who, whom, whose引导的非限制性定语从句。引导的非限制性定语从句。(1)关系代词关系代词who, whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。人。(2)关系代词关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语; whom作宾语作宾语; 介词后用介词后用whom, 不用不用who。(3)whose作定语作定语, 先行词是人时先行词是
7、人时, whose + n. 相当于相当于the +n. +of whom。先行词是物时。先行词是物时, whose + n. 相当于相当于the +n. +of which。*Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook. 我们的向导我们的向导, 一个法裔加拿大人一个法裔加拿大人, 擅长烹调。擅长烹调。*Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家, 我从他那儿学了很我从他那儿学
8、了很多东西。多东西。*The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 桌子上的书是我们的奖品桌子上的书是我们的奖品, 书的封皮很书的封皮很亮。亮。【即学活用即学活用】用用who, whom和和whose填空填空(1)(2017全国卷全国卷)But Sarah, _has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. (2)Peter, _you met in Lon
9、don, is now back in Paris. whowhom(3)Isobel, _brother was training for the match, had heard the joke before. whose2. which, as的用法。的用法。(1)两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。*Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体水是一种清澈的液体, 有许多用途。有许多用途。*Our country has sent up another man-made earth satel
10、lite, as is reported in the papers. 报纸上报道报纸上报道, 我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。(2)as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。引导非限制性定语从句的区别。项目项目aswhich指代指代引导的从句只能指代整引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容个主句的内容引导的从句既可指引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容代整个主句的内容, 又可指代主句的一又可指代主句的一部分部分位置位置可位于主句之前、之中可位于主句之前、之中或之后或之后引导的从句不能位引导的从句不能位于主句之前于主句之前意义意义正如正如这这, 那那*I borrowed
11、 the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me. 我上周从图书馆借了我上周从图书馆借了夏洛克夏洛克福尔摩斯福尔摩斯, 这本书是这本书是我班同学推荐给我的。我班同学推荐给我的。*(2017江苏高考江苏高考)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如所报道的那样正如所报道的那样, 仅仅一年的时间仅仅一年的时间, 吸烟者的数量下吸烟者的数量
12、下降了降了17%。【即学活用即学活用】用用which和和as填空填空(1)(2018江苏高考江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, _ is how we arrived. (2) _ can be seen from his face, he is quite pleased. whichAs3. when, where的用法。的用法。(1)关系副词关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语, 指代主句中表示时间的词语。指代主句中表示时间的词语。(2)关系副词关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语在非限制
13、性定语从句中作地点状语, 指代主句中表示地点的词语。指代主句中表示地点的词语。(3)when/where有时可以换成有时可以换成“介词介词+which”。*Well put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们打算把在公园里的这次野餐推迟到下周我们打算把在公园里的这次野餐推迟到下周, 那时天那时天气可能会更好。气可能会更好。*Opposite is St. Pauls Church, where you can hear some lovely music. 对面是圣保罗教堂
14、对面是圣保罗教堂, 在那里你能听在那里你能听到好听的音乐。到好听的音乐。*I left on Sunday, when/on which everyone was at home. 我星期日离开的我星期日离开的, 当时人人都在家。当时人人都在家。【即学活用即学活用】用适当的关系副词填空用适当的关系副词填空(1)He will put off the picnic until May 1st, _he will be free. (2)They went to London, _they lived for six months. whenwhere4. 介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。关系代
15、词引导的定语从句。在在“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”中中, 关系代词用关系代词用whom指人指人, 用用which指物。指物。*He worked in a car factory for four years, after which he founded his own company in his hometown. 他在一家汽车厂工作了他在一家汽车厂工作了4年年, 之后在他的家乡建立了自之后在他的家乡建立了自己的公司。己的公司。*We are short of two people, without whom we will need three more days to finish the work. 我们缺少两我们缺少两个人个人, 没有他们没有他们, 我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。作。【即学活用即学活用】(1)She gave me two books, both of _I didnt like. (2)(2017江苏高考江苏高考) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. whichwhose
