1、26个英文字母及发音音标个英文字母及发音音标tsdz trdrbptdkgfvsz lrhwjmnaiei ii uauui: iu:u:e 20辅音辅音32320元音元音国际音标教学法图示国际音标教学法图示IYou myhis She Theirtheirme itThey Theirme ourthem we your you根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (b
2、oy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12.
3、 Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute)15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy) ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucys主语主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语、谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。
4、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子We study in No.11 Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾
5、语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，
6、地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句副词，介词短语或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！名词名词代词代词数词数词to do不定式不定式动名词动名词句子句子动词动词/动词短语动词短语简单谓语简
7、单谓语复合谓语复合谓语系动词系动词性质性质特征特征状态状态 n.pron. adj.prep.num.to do不定式不定式句子句子 V-ing动词动词/动词短语动词短语介词介词n. pron.V-ingnum.to do不定式不定式句子句子名名前前后后 n.名词所有格名词所有格 adjnum.序数词序数词 /to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingto do 不定式不定式从句从句地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词
8、 doingdone 过去分词过去分词从句从句与宾语补足语一样与宾语补足语一样Examples:Oh！What is that！（惊叹词）！（惊叹词）He has，alas，failed againCome here，John（呼语）（呼语）Roll on，Ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分独立成分（You）Comehere（I wish you）Goodluck！Somegavehimpraises，butothers（gav
9、e him）rotteneggsHerunsasfastas,if( he does )not( run )faster,thanyou.( I )Hopeyoulikeit.JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPeter( should clean it )tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：一定的意思：省略成分省略成分连接成分连接成分连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做词、短语和分句。这种连词叫
10、做并列连词并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词从属连词。从。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到个到4个基本成个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。的句子成分。1. The machine doesnt work.1. The machine doesnt w
11、ork.2. He is an honest student.2. He is an honest student.3. The silk feels soft.3. The silk feels soft.4. I have a lot of friends here. 4. I have a lot of friends here. 5. Tom lent me 200 dollars.5. Tom lent me 200 dollars.6. I saw him writing a letter.6. I saw him writing a letter.7. I find maths
12、difficult.7. I find maths difficult.8. We call her Lily.8. We call her Lily.9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.主主谓谓宾宾定定状状表表宾补宾补主主 系系an honestan honest表表主主系系主主 谓谓主主主主主主主主主主谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓间间 宾宾直宾直宾宾宾宾补宾补宾补宾补宾补宾补宾宾宾宾宾宾句子成分常用词性主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语表语表语宾补宾补n/pron.n./pro
13、n.Adj.Adv.n./adj.n./adj./to do /doingVbeautifulsurprisedtoareseemswent Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole company was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. All the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worke
14、r.1.Is this raincoat yours? No, mine_ there behind the door.A. is hanging B. is hung C. hangs D. was hung Exercises:2. _ your head, and youll see the sun_ now. A. Raise; rising B. Raise; raising C. To raise, rising D. Lift; being risen 3. More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study me
15、dicine last year. （上海）（上海） A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent4. The heros story_ differently in the newspaper. （全国（全国I、II） A. was reported B. was reporting C. Reports D. reported按句子功能可以分为：按句子功能可以分为： 陈述句陈述句 疑问句疑问句 祈使句祈使句 感叹句感叹句按句子结构可以分为：按句子结构可以分为： 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句动词动词系动词系动词不及物动词不及物
16、动词及物动词及物动词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语SViS复合谓语1）She looks young. 2）The city will become rich. 在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：在这类结构中最常用的系动词是： “状态状态”类：类： “变化变化”类：类：_. “感官感官”类类: _. “持续持续”类：类：_. 其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _ (证明是证明是)_get/ become/ turn/grow/gotaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundstay/ keep/remain/continueSeem appearturn out/ prov
17、e(to be)2主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表表语语be 平行并列连词平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：转折并列连词： 因果并列连词因果并列连词: 选择并列连词选择并列连词:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither nor状语从句：状语从句：用来修饰主句中的动词，形容词和副词的从句。用来修饰主句中的动词，形容词和副词的从句。分类：分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，原因状语
18、从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句让步状语从句，地点状语从句e.g.(1) It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday. (2) While he was doing his homework,the telephone rang. (3) As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. (4) He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. (5) After
19、 he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.e.g. (1) He didnt come to school beause he was ill. (2) As it is raining, we shall no go to the zoo. (3) Since we have no money, we cant buy the car.特别提醒：特别提醒：so.that 与与 such.that 的区别在于：前者的的区别在于：前者的省略号处是形容词或副词，而后者的省略号处最终是一个名省略号处是形容词或副词，而后者的省略号
20、处最终是一个名词。词。“最终最终”的意思是，该名词前也可以出现形容词甚至出的意思是，该名词前也可以出现形容词甚至出现修饰形容词的副词，但整个词组的中心词是这个名词。现修饰形容词的副词，但整个词组的中心词是这个名词。特别提醒：这类从句常常用情态动词特别提醒：这类从句常常用情态动词 may/might，can/could，should 等，以保证语气通顺自然。等，以保证语气通顺自然。 8地点状语从句 由 where，wherever引导。 e.g. Where there is a will, there is a way.关系词在定语从句中的作用： 纽带作用 成分：关系代词可做主语，宾语，定语 关系副词可做状语关系代词作主语：e.g. I dont like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Anhui Province sell very well.关系代词作宾语：e.g. She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my teacher gave me is English book.
