1、Listening and SpeakingUnit 4 History and TraditionsEnjoy some picturesDo you know these buildings?Which country do they belong to?威斯敏斯特宫殿（英国议会大厦）伦敦泰晤士河畔的威斯敏斯特宫，是伦敦4个世界文化遗产之一，16世纪时就成为英国议会上、下两院的所在地，因此又俗称为“议会大厦（House of Parliament）”。伊丽莎白塔（Elizabeth Tower)，旧称大本钟(Big Ben)，即威斯敏斯特宫钟塔，世界上著名的哥特式建筑之一，伦敦的标志性建筑
2、。英国国会会议厅附属的钟楼（Clock Tower）的大报时钟，2012年6月，英国宣布把伦敦著名地标“大本钟”的钟楼改名为“伊丽莎白塔”。伊丽莎白塔是坐落在英国伦敦泰晤士河畔的一座钟楼，是伦敦的标志性建筑之一。钟楼高95米，钟直径7米，重13.5吨。每15分钟响一次，敲响威斯敏斯特钟声。自从兴建地铁Jubilee线之后，大本钟受到影响，测量显示大本钟朝西北方向倾斜约半米。伊丽莎白塔于1858年4月10日建成，是英国最大的钟。塔有320英尺高（约合97.5米），分针有14英尺长（约合4.27米），大本钟用人工发条，国会开会期间，钟面会发出光芒，每隔一小时报时一次。每年的夏季与冬季时间转换时会把
3、钟停止，进行零件的修补、交换、钟的调音等。伦敦是全球拥有世界遗产最多的城市(伦敦4个世界文化遗产)： 威斯敏斯特宫（议会大厦），伦敦塔， 威斯敏斯特教堂， 和圣玛格丽特教堂， 格林威治， 英国皇家植物园（邱园）格林威治（Greenwich），一译格林尼治。英国大伦敦的一个区。位于伦敦东南、泰晤士河南岸。1675-1948 年设皇家格林尼治天文台。1884年在华盛顿召开的国际经度会议决定以经过格林尼治的经线为本初子午线，也是世界计算时间和地理经度的起点。Big BenHouse of ParliamentWestminster BridgeWho is he?Introduction?Confu
4、cius(551B.C.-479B.C.isoneofthemostfamousChinesepeople.AsthefounderofConfucianism,histhoughthasexertedadeepinfluenceonChinaanditspeople.ButConfucius wasnothisrealname.Itwasacourtesyktisititle,aLatinizedformof“KongFuzi”,meaning“MasterKong”.HisfamilynamewasKongandhisgivenname,Qiu.AndhestyledhimselfZhon
5、gni.HewasbornatZouyi,theStateofLu.Confucius is a great thinker and educator, founder of the Confucian school, one of the most famous cultural celebrities.Temple of ConfuciusTemple of Confucius: The most famous and largest temple honouring the great sage, it is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It c
6、overs 16,000 square metres and has 460 rooms. The main part consists of nine courtyards with several gates. Dacheng Hall stands at the centre and is the rincipal place for offering sacrifices to Confucius.kong family mansionKong Family Mansion: Located to the east of the Temple of Confucius，this was
7、 the historical home of the descendants of Confucius from wherethey managed sites and ceremonies in Qufu. Today it is a museum.Cemetery of Confucius: This is whereConfucius and his descendants areburied. There are more than 10,000 of them, buried here over 2,000 years. The cemetery has had many reno
8、vations and extensions in its history.Cemetery of ConfuciusUnderstand idiomsAn idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words. Some idioms present an idea or paint a picture that gives a hint as to the meaning. Other idioms can only be understood from
9、 the context in which they appear.listen and understand the English idioms that are used in the conversation. Explain their meanings and think about some Chinese equivalentsEnglish idiomMeaningChinese equivalentAchilles hellpull ones legfish out of watersomething that is someones weaknessto joke wit
10、h someoneSomeone who feels uncomfortable because they are in an unfamiliar place弱点；要害弱点；要害戏弄戏弄如芒如芒在背在背Listen to a conversation between a British tourist and a Chinese student in Qufu, and then write down what they say about Confucius. Fact/Opinion about ConfuciusWilliam1. Confucius is one of his fav
11、ourite philosophers.2.3.Xiao Kong1.2.3. 1 Confucius said that learning witout understanding leads to confusion. 2 Xiao Kong is doing a research project on Confucius philosophy. 3 As one of Confucius descendants, Xiao Kongs name is recorded in the family tree. 4 Dacheng Hall is the tallest building i
12、n Qufu.Listen again and decide whether these statements are true(T), false(F),or not mentioned(NM). Then answer the question.Why do you think Wiliam said his hometown was similar to ufu? A There are famous halls in his hometown. B There are no tall buildings in his hometown. C Both places have a fam
13、ous person who was bom there. D His hometown doesnt allow other buildings to be more noticeable than the historic buildings.FFNMTVWilliam: Excuse me, do you speak English? Im looking for the Confucius Temple,but Im not good at mapstheyre my Achilles heel!Xiao Kong: Oh, hello, yes. Come with me-Im go
14、ing to the temple right now. Bythe way, what does Achilles heel mean?William: Oh, it means that something is my weaknessIm really bad with maps!So do you know much about Confucius? Hes one of my favourite philosophers.He was such a wise man.Xiao Kong: Oh, yes. I was born here. In fact, I believe I a
15、m a descendant ofConfucius himself. William: No way, youre pulling my leg, right? So how do you know yourerelated to Confucius? Didnt he live over 2,500 years ago? Xiao Kong: Yes, but his family tree is well recorded. He has over three milliondescendants. Sorry again, what does pulling my leg mean?
16、William: Oh, sorry, it means to joke with someone. Anyway, so youre actually to the temple to pay respects to your relative?Xiao Kong: Well, yes. But Im also meeting my study group there. We are doing a researchproject on Confucius ideas on education. You know, Confucius was a great educator, and he
17、 hadmany great ideas about education. For example, he talked about the relationship betweenlearning and reflecting. He believed that learning without reflecting leads to confusion.Oh, look,the temple is just over there .William: Oh, great! Whats that big building over there?Xiao Kong: Oh, thats the
18、famous Dacheng Hall. You know, its so well-respected in Qufu thatno other building in the city can be taller than it.William: Wow, now thats respect. Thats a little bit like my hometown-Stratford-upon-Avon. Xiao Kong: Wait, you mean where Shakespeare was from? What a coincidenceConfucius andShakespe
19、are, two of the greatest minds in history! I really want to visit the UKIM reallyinterested in British history and cultureWilliam: Oh, thats great! So later we can go for a cup of tea and have a chat about it. And itwould be great if you could take me somewhere to get my watch fixed. Xiao Kong: OK,
20、no problem! So come and meet my study groupwe can tell you all about thetemple. And how long are you staying in Qufu? I can show you the Cemetery of Confucius andthe Kong Family Mansion as well.William: Really? Thats so kind! I need all the help I can getIm like a fish out of water.Discuss the quest
21、ions in groups1 What do you know about Confucius ideas on ducation? Think of two or three examples.What else do you know about Confucius and his philosophy?2 Think about a historic site that you have visited, and give an introduction to its history and importance.PronunciationRead this part of the p
22、oemif-written by British poet Rudyard Kipling.Notice the linking sounds. Then mark the Linking sounds after the model. If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss: If you
23、 can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: Hold on!Rudyard Kipling was an English journalist, poet, and novelist. Born in 1865 in India under British rule， his most famous work
24、is The Jungle Book, which has been translated into at least 30 languages and has had about 500 printed editions. The book is about a boy called Mowgli who is raised in the jungle by wolves, but the other characters are all animals. each with different and varied human characteristics. The book has b
25、een adapted many times over the years into cartoons and films. He is also well-known for his poem“If-”， a passage of which is used here. It is another good example of the traditional British character, showing patience and calm despite the ups and downs life throws at you。INTRODUCTION:Rudyard Kipling
