1、Section Reading and Thinking课文内容WHATS IN A NAME? 【1】The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any 【2】？ Getting to know a little bit about British history 【3】 will help you solve this puz
2、zle.【1】标题赏析“WHATS IN A NAME？”用疑问句点出文章的关键信息NAME。以此作为课文标题的好处：一是反映文章的主要内容名字；二是设置悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣。【2】if any是一个省略句，补充完整为if there is any difference。【3】Getting to know a little bit about British history为v.-ing短语，在句中作主语，其谓语常用单数形式。In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of Engl
3、and. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain 【4】. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the
4、 UK, which resulted in the full name we have today 【5】： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britai
5、n.【4】不定式短语to create the Kingdom of Great Britain在句中作结果状语。下一句中的to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland也是作结果状语。【5】此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语；在该从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句we have today，其先行词为the full name。The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work togethe
6、r in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack 【6】， as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have
7、their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!【6】过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰flag。The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much mo
8、re about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK 【7】， you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements include
9、d building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses 【8】. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations acros
10、s the UK. The last group were the Normans. 【9】 They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built 【10】 all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English langu
11、age.【7】此处是everywhere引导的地点状语从句，everywhere表示“到处，处处”。【8】people built houses为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。【9】group是集体名词，此处表示组成集体的分散个体，故谓语动词用复数形式；若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。【10】此处是“have sth. done”结构，表示“使被”。There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the
12、history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable 【11】. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times 【12】. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relic
13、s from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open， you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.【11】此处是“make宾语宾补”结构，形容词短语much more enjoyable作宾补。【12】此处是as引导的原因状语从句，其中又包含一个that
14、引导的定语从句，修饰先行词city；现在分词短语dating all the way back to Roman times作后置定语，修饰a history。词语积累puzzle/pzl/n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑puzzling/pzl/adj.令人困惑的，令人费解的puzzled/pzld/adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的nearby/nba/adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近join. to.把和连接/联结起来break away from从脱离/逃脱result in造成，导致shorten/tn/vt.& vi.(使)缩短，变短此处shorten与name之间是逻辑动
15、宾关系，故用过去分词shortened作前置定语修饰name。refer to. as.把称为belong/bl/vi.应在(某处)；适应belong to属于area n领域，范围；方面as well as也；和；还currency/krnsi/n.通货；货币思考你知道我国和其他国家的货币单位的英文表达和货币符号吗？military/mltri/adj.军事的；军用的defence/dfens/n.防御；保卫defend/dfend/vt.& vi.(为)辩护；保卫，保护legal/lil/adj.法律的；合法的反义illegal adj.非法的，违法的surround/srand/vt.围
16、绕；包围evidence/evidns/n.证据；证明take over控制，接管(政党、国家等)achievement/tivmnt/n.成就；成绩；达到achieve v实现；获得成功leave behind留下；落后思考你还知道哪些leave构成的短语呢？location/lken/n.地方；地点；位置 conquer/kk(r)/vt.占领；征服；控制conqueror/kkr(r)/n.征服者 battle/btl/n.战役；搏斗 vt.& vi.搏斗；奋斗 make changes to.对作出改变 port/pt/n.港口(城市) date back to (date from)
17、追溯到 fascinating/fsnet/adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的fascinate v深深吸引，迷住fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的 keep ones eyes open (for)留心；留意文化采风1the Union Jack英国国旗英国国旗的正式名称是the Union Flag, 也常常称为“the Union Jack”。Jack是海军用语，指悬挂在舰首的旗帜，英国军舰舰首都悬挂国旗，因而得名。2Battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯战役是1066年10月14日，英格兰国王哈罗德葛温森的盎格鲁撒克逊军队和诺曼底公爵威廉一世的军队在黑斯廷斯地域进行的一场
18、交战，威廉取得决定性胜利并入主伦敦。黑斯廷斯战役是历史上最后一次对英国成功的军事入侵，自此再也没有人能成功征服英国。黑斯廷斯战役在英国历史上是一次重要战役，英国从此完成了统一国家的历史使命。课文释译名字有什么意义？联合王国，大不列颠，不列颠，英格兰许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。如果确有不同含义的话，那它们之间的区别是什么呢？了解一点英国历史将有助于你解开这个谜题。16世纪，邻国威尔士加入英格兰王国。随后，18世纪，苏格兰并入，从而创建了大不列颠王国。19世纪，爱尔兰王国加入，形成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，最终形成了我们现在的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱
19、尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用其简称：“联合王国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“British(英国人)”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。属于英国的这四个国家在某些领域携手并进。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。然而，他们也有不同之处。比如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰以及北爱尔兰都有着不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也拥有自己的传统，像自己的国庆节和国菜。他们甚至有自己的足球队参加世界杯这样的(国际)赛事！英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可供探索，这些历史可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。在英国，无论你走到何处，你几乎都会被来自四个不同群体的人留下的痕迹所包围，他们在不同的
20、历史时期统治着英国。第一批是罗马人，于公元一世纪来到这里。他们的伟大功绩包括建设城镇和道路。接下来，是公元五世纪来到这里的盎格鲁撒克逊人。他们带来了英语的开端，还改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人出现在八世纪，留下了许多新的词汇，也给英国许多地方赋予了名字。最后一批是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英国。他们在英格兰各地建造了许多城堡，对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语单词慢慢地传入了英语。有关英国有趣的历史和文化，需要学习的还有很多。研究这个国家的历史会让你的旅行更加愉悦。首都伦敦是一个很不错的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，可追溯到罗马时代。这里有着无数的历
21、史遗迹可以探索，还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是一个古老历史和现代文化交融的迷人国度，新旧传统兼而有之。如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现自己可以看到它的过去和现在。Step 课文结构图示Step 课文阅读理解根据课文内容选择正确答案1When did Southern Ireland break away from the UK?AIn the 16th century.BIn the 18th century.CIn the 19th century.DIn the 20th century.2What do the UKs four countries have in co
22、mmon?AThey share the same national day.BThey share the same military defence.CThey have a common legal system.DThey have a common sports team to compete between countries.DB3Which group of people was the first to set foot on the UK?AThe Normans.BThe Romans.CThe Vikings.DThe Anglo-Saxons.4What happen
23、ed to England in the 11th century according to the text?AThe Romans built towns and roads in England.BThe Anglo-Saxons brought in the English language.CThe Normans became the conqueror of England.DThe Vikings introduced many new words into England.5What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?AThe
24、 attractions of the UK.BThe long and interesting history of the UK.CThe historic sites of the UK.DThe past and present of the UK.BCA 第一版块第一版块|核心单词核心单词1.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n n(公司或机构的)首领；酋长(教材P40)According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country？根据课文，学习一个国家的历史
25、的两个主要优点是什么？the chief engineer 总工程师the chief architect 总建筑师Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业该市目前人口为762人。词语拓展：an editorinchiefeditorsinchief 总编辑a sister-in-lawsisters-in-law嫂子/弟妹a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law姐夫/妹夫a grown-upgrown-ups成年人 即学即练单句
26、语法填空She is the _ (总监) of the sales department.He is the _ (主任) of the English department.She is the _ (主编) of the magazine.Product quality is our _ (主要的) concern.Rice is the _ (主要的) crop in this area.chiefchiefeditorinchiefchiefchief2.puzzle n谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.vt.迷惑；使困惑puzzlement n迷惑，困惑(教材P40)Getting to
27、know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。be in a puzzle 不知如何是好，感到困惑solve a puzzle 解开谜团crossword puzzle 填字游戏puzzle over 仔细琢磨，冥思苦想puzzle out 仔细考虑解决(难题等)He was in a puzzle about what to do next.下一步要做什么，他感到困惑不解。He thought he had solved the puzzle.他认
28、为他已经解开了那个谜。What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.令我不解的是他的书为什么如此受欢迎。She was puzzling over the cause of the events.她在苦苦思索这些事件的起因。He was trying to puzzle out how he should react in an emergency.他正在琢磨如何在紧急情况下作出反应。词语积累：puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的puzzlement n. 迷惑，困惑ed形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表
29、情、声音等；ing形容词常说明事物的性质wear a puzzled expression带着疑惑的表情a puzzling fact令人费解的事实即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The firemen were _ a puzzle about the cause of the fire.Ive puzzled_this question for a while, and Im still not sure what the right answer is.He lay looking at the ceiling, trying to puzzle things _.Everyone was
30、 a bit _ (puzzle) by her sudden departure.The spelling of English is often _ (puzzle)He was _(感到困惑)as to how to keep a balance between work and play._ (令我不解的是)why he left the country without telling anyone.inoveroutpuzzledpuzzlingin a puzzleWhat puzzles me is3.nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.adv.在附近(没有比较等级)(
31、教材P40)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.在16世纪，邻国威尔士加入了英格兰王国。live nearby 住在附近a nearby town 附近的一个城镇He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.留了张纸条让失主知道钱包是完好无损的之后，他把钱包送到附近的警察局。They
32、 were seen as nearly worthless.它们被认为几乎是没有价值的。知识拓展：nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。a nearby hotela hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆 易错词比较：nearly adv.几乎，差不多，将近(表程度)near adj.近的，接近的 adv.在附近 prep.在附近即学即练用near, nearby, nearly完成句子She bought some fruit at a _ store.As spring _， the weather is getting warmer and warmer.Its easy to
33、 find him. He lives _.As I got up late, I _ missed train._ 200 people attended the meeting.I live _ the station, so I can catch the early bus easily.nearbynearsnearbynearlyNearlynear4defence n防御；保卫defend v防御，保护；辩解，辩护(教材P40)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same cu
34、rrency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。in defence of 为保卫；为辩护in ones defence 为某人辩护a defence against 对的防御物flood defences 防洪设施come to ones defence 出来保护某人The hunter held a brick in his hand as if in defence.猎人手里拿着一块砖头，好像在自卫。soldiers who died in defence of their country为保卫祖国而献身的战士The areas
35、flood defences are under repair.该地区的防洪工事正在修理中。误区警示：defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时，介词用against；若接“被保护者”，则介词用of。 词语积累：defend.from/against.保护免受defend oneself against.为自己辩护The function of the medicine is to defend us from/against heart failure.这药的作用是预防心力衰竭。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The town walls were built as a defence _
36、 enemy attacks.Two rescue workers came to his_(defend) when the accident happened.All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves _ the sudden attacks.Mr Green stood up _ (为辩护) the 16yearold boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.Our duty is to _(保卫国家不受) its enemies.我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
37、I have to say_that she knew nothing about it beforehand.againstdefenceagainst/fromin defence ofdefend our country/motherland from/againstin her defence5.legal adj.法律的；合法的legally adv.合法地(教材P40).all have different education systems and legal systems.实行不同的教育和法律制度。legal rights 合法权利legal documents 法律文件th
38、e legal profession/system 法律专业/体系take legal advice 听取法律方面的建议over the legal limit 超过法定值a legal adviser 法律顾问reach the legal age for drinking 到达喝酒的法定年龄legal fees 律师费用It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers.它将把完全无人驾驶汽车置于与人类驾驶员平等的法律地位。词语拓展：illegal adj.非法的，违法的illegal d
39、rugs违禁药品illegal activities非法活动illegal printing matter非法印刷品illegal publishing非法出版illegal publications非法出版物il是否定前缀，意为“不，非”即学即练完成句子Wild camping _ (是非法的)in England.More and more women today have learned to arise _ (捍卫她们的合法权利)出于法律原因，大多数饭店都有一项政策，禁止送给别人被丢弃的食物。_most restaurants have a policy against giving
40、away food waste.is illegalin defence of their legal rightsFor legal reasons6.surround vt.围绕；包围surrounding adj.附近的，四周的surroundings n环境(复数)(教材P40).you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people.你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围surround.with. 用包围be surrounded by/with. 被包围/环绕surrounding atmosphere
41、 周围空气surrounding area 周围地区surrounding environment 周围环境beautiful surroundings 美丽的环境They have surrounded the flat with the police.他们已派警察包围了这所公寓。The small island with beautiful sight is surrounded by/with the sea.那个景色优美的小岛四面环海。David likes to surround himself with young people.戴维喜欢和年轻人在一起。I work in plea
42、sant surroundings.我在愉快的环境中工作。词语拓展：surround oneself with 和在一起，与为伍enjoy/admire the surroundings 欣赏环境get/be used to the new surroundings 适应新环境即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子They all went out to look for the lost child in the _ (surround) villages.Some insects take on the colour of their _ (surround) to protect themsel
43、ves.The poet _ (surround) by a crowd of people eager to hear his speech._ (surround) by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.The garden _ (由包围着) a fence，in which many small creatures live.The football star always _ (与在一起) crazy fans.surroundingsurroundingsis surro
44、undedSurroundedis surrounded by/withsurrounds himself with7evidence n证据；根据；证明evident adj.明显的，显然的evidently adv.显然，明显地；清楚地(教材P40).you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people. 你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围look for/search for evidence 寻找证据find evidence 找到证据gather/collect evidence 收集证据hide e
45、vidence 隐藏证据give evidence (出庭)作证medical evidence 医学证据good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据It is evident that.Evidently, . 很明显There is (some) evidence that. 有(一些)证据表明(that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容) At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.目前我们还没发现在其他行星上存在生命的证据。Do you have evidence
46、 that some natives have seen the ancient statue?你有证据证明有些当地人看到过那座古老的雕像吗？There is no evidence that the meeting actually took place.没有证据表明确实有过这次会面。误区警示：evidence是不可数名词一项证据知识拓展：(1)there isnon.in doing sth.There is no good in going there.去那里没有什么好处。There is no harm in doing that.那样做并无害处。There is no use in
47、doing it. (It is no use doing it.)干此事毫无用处。There is no sense in waiting there.在那里等下去毫无意义。There is no point in doing so.这样做毫无意义。(2)there isnodoing sth.(动词多为表“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词，如：say, know等，后跟其它的特殊疑问词what, when等)。There is no saying what may happen.没说会发生什么事。There is no telling when he will return.没说他何时回来。T
48、here is no knowing when we shall meet again.不知何时我们再相会。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换Enough _ (evident) shows that a balanced diet helps to avoid being overweight.All the evidence _ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ (be) damaging our health.Do you have evidence _ this treatment works?I was
49、asked to _ (作证) at the trial._ (有明显证据表明) smoking causes heart disease.It is evident that he did not finish his homework on time yesterday._ he did not finish his homework on time.evidenceshowsisthatgive evidenceThere is clear evidence thatEvidently8achievement n成就；成绩；达到achieve vt.实现；(经过努力)取得，达到achie
50、vable adj.可实现的，可达到的(教材P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。make an achievement 取得成就a great/remarkable achievement 伟大的/了不起的成就quite an achievement 一项了不起的成就the achievement of ones aim 某人目标的实现a sense of achievement 成就感achieve success/victory 获得成功
