1、Attributive clause （一）（一）定语从句概述定语从句概述-By Robin Lo-By Robin LoStep 1:Learning by group（小组互学）小组互学） Task 1如何找准并划出从句如何找准并划出从句+ + 规律总结规律总结 12 pointsTask 2划出从句，判断从句名字划出从句，判断从句名字 + + 规律总结规律总结 15 pointsTask 3关系词分类关系词分类读创新设计读创新设计+ +完成表格完成表格 12 pointsTask 4分析课文原句，为什么用分析课文原句，为什么用此关系词此关系词+ +思考如何选择关思考如何选择关代代/ /关
2、副关副 20 points一.定语的概念：修饰修饰n n/pron,常译为“.“.的的”,用于限定缩小缩小n n的范围的范围定语一般为：adj/介短/ving,ved,to do/ving,ved,to do/定语从句定语从句a young teacher wearing glasses/dressed in coat/to be my friend/in his thirties/who is kind定语从句定语从句必须思考的三个问题：必须思考的三个问题：1.1.如何找准并划出从句如何找准并划出从句2.2.如何判断从句名字如何判断从句名字3.3.何为定语从句何为定语从句Task1.Task
3、1.如何找准如何找准并划出从句并划出从句从连接词开始，划到从连接词开始，划到句意完整处停止或句意完整处停止或第二个动词前停止。第二个动词前停止。Task2.Task2.如何判断如何判断从句名字从句名字 从句在主句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句从句在主句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句 v v前缺主语前缺主语 v/prep v/prep后缺宾语后缺宾语 系动词后缺表语系动词后缺表语 n/pron n/pron后缺定语或宾补后缺定语或宾补二. 定语从句：在主从复合句，从句修饰，限定，缩小主句中的某个限定，缩小主句中的某个n/prounn/proun,则该从句为定语从句He is a teacher.-H
4、e is a teacher (who is in blue).The man is my teacher-The man (who wears glasses) is my teacher. I like my teacher.-I like my teacher, who helps me a lot.Days were gone.- Days were gone when we played together. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句无逗号，翻译为无逗号，翻译为“.“.的的”， 不可少不可少 有逗号，翻译为并列句，可缺
5、少有逗号，翻译为并列句，可缺少定语从句与先行词之间有定语从句与先行词之间有;v/;v/介短介短/ /状语将之隔开状语将之隔开定语从句三要素：定语从句三要素： He is a teacher (who is in blue). _ _ _ 先行词：_ 关系词：_ 从句： _ 关系词的三种功能：1._ 2._ 3._ 先行词先行词关系词关系词 从句从句 n/pron/ n/pron/整个句子整个句子 连接词，连接词， 引导从句（关系代词，关系副词）引导从句（关系代词，关系副词） 有连接词的句子有连接词的句子连接从句连接从句代替先行词代替先行词在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分He is a teac
6、her who is in blue.We should help those who are in trouble.He failed in the match, which made his father sad.Task3.Task3.关系词分类关系词分类引导词（关系词）引导词（关系词）指代人指代人/ /物（先行词）物（先行词）在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分who whom that which whose as where when why 人人 主语主语 人人 宾语宾语 人、物人、物主语、宾语主语、宾语 物物 主语、宾语主语、宾语 . .的，的， 人人/ /物，物， 前后有前后有n
7、 n 定语定语 物物 （正如，据），固定搭配（正如，据），固定搭配 主语、宾语主语、宾语 跟在地点跟在地点n n后，后， 表地点表地点 在从句中做地点状语在从句中做地点状语跟在时间跟在时间n n后，表时间后，表时间 在从句中做时间状语在从句中做时间状语跟在原因跟在原因n n后，表原因后，表原因 在从句中做原因状语在从句中做原因状语1. 关系代词： who, whom, that, which, as, whose (从句中缺：主，宾，表，从句中缺：主，宾，表， 定定，时用，时用)2. 关系副词： where， when, why (从句中缺：状语从句中缺：状语，时用，时用) 即即 s+vi,
8、s+vt+o, s+系系v+p, s+be done 后缺状语后缺状语Eg. I know the man _ gives you the book I know the place_ you buy the book定语从句中无无“what”“what”，thatthat不位于逗号后不位于不位于逗号后不位于介词后。介词后。Task4.Task4.关系词选择关系词选择分析课文原句，讨论为什么用此关系词，思考如何选择关代/关副1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.2., a quake that even caused
9、 damaged more than 150 km away in Beijing.3.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.4.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.5.dig out those who were trapped.6.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
10、7. a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday.8.There are many reasons why this has been possible.9.It was a time when people were divided geographically.判断从句中缺什么成分，判断从句中缺什么成分， 看先行词特点看先行词特点关系词的判断与选择：关系词的判断与选择：1. 分析从句中缺什么成分， 缺_, 用_ 缺_, 用_2. 看先行词的特点： _ _主，宾，表，定主，宾，表，定 关系代词关系代词 状语状语 关
11、系副词关系副词 s+vi s+vi s+vt+o s+vt+o s+ s+系系V+V+表表 s+be done( s+be done(被动语态）被动语态）后面缺状语后面缺状语看先行词是指人，还是指物，是表时间，地点看先行词是指人，还是指物，是表时间，地点还是原因还是原因, ,先行词前有无逗号，有无介词先行词前有无逗号，有无介词看先行词是否被特殊词所修饰看先行词是否被特殊词所修饰做题步骤做题步骤1. 划出从句2. 分析从句中缺什么成分3. 看先行词的特点4. 判断出从句用什么连接词关系代词辨析关系代词辨析all, something,nothing,anything,little,fewThis
12、 is the same book as you have bought This is the same book that you have lostIt is such an important city that we should visit it / as we should visitas as 引导定从引导定从+ +不完整的句子不完整的句子 that that引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句+ +完整句子完整句子as as 引导定从，强调同样，同类引导定从，强调同样，同类 that that 引导定从，强调同一个引导定从，强调同一个.的的This is the boy the
13、mother of whom is a teacherThis is the boy of whom the mother is a teachereg. There is a house whose window faces the south. ( change it in two ways)This is the boy whose mother is a teacherThere is a house the window of which faces the south. There is a house of which the window faces the south. At
14、tributive clause （二）（二）关系副词、介词关系副词、介词+ +关系代词关系代词、特殊用法、特殊用法关系副词用法：（关系副词用法：（where/when/why）1. 使用条件： 先行词先行词必须为表时表时间，地点，原因的名词间，地点，原因的名词 从句中不缺主语和宾语，缺状语缺状语时 I will never forget the day when I met you注意：先行词为时间、地点、原时间、地点、原因因时，引导词不一定都要用不一定都要用when或或where或或why引导引导，要判断它在定语从句中要判断它在定语从句中的句子成分的句子成分。如果引导词在定语从句中作主语或
15、宾语，就要用which 或that。that/whichwherethat/whichwhenthat/whichwhy2. 关系副词的转换：When= on /at/in/during whichWhere=at/in/on which why= for which 1. 1. 划出从句划出从句 2. 2. 分析从句中缺什么成分分析从句中缺什么成分 3. 3. 注意先行词的特点注意先行词的特点 指人、物、时间，地点，原因指人、物、时间，地点，原因 前面有无特殊修饰词，前面有无特殊修饰词， 有无逗号有无逗号 有无介词有无介词 介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词分析下列例句:The man to w
16、hom he is talking is my father.This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.注意：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物） 和 whom（指人）。即：介词+ which/whom/whose1.介词的选择依据： 取决于从句中v/adj短语搭配 This is the book _ which I am interested This is the book _ which I paid ten yuan 取决于先行词（air, tree, building ） Every one nee
17、ds air, _which we couldnt live 取决于句意表达 This is the boy, _whom I went to school.inforwithoutwith注意：注意：有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开，如有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开，如look after, look for look after, look for 等不能把介词等不能把介词移至移至whih whih 或或whom whom 之前。之前。2. 复合介词 on top of/ in front of / at the back ofwhich/whom+v+s ( (完全倒完全倒装）装） Thi
18、s is the mountain, on top of which stands a tree. 名词/分数/百分数/不定代词/the+adj比较级/the+adj 最高级+one+of +which/whom There are five judges, all of whom agree you are the best one. 区别：区别： There are five judges, and all of them agree you are the best one.3.当抽象地点名词抽象地点名词：stage，point, situation, case, system, pos
19、ition, occasion, activity, job作先行词，且定语从句中缺状语缺状语时，用where引导 They have reached the point where they have to work harder. Occasions are rare when I can spend a day with my daughter.4. 当the way 作先行词， 表示方式、方法方式、方法，且定语从句中缺方缺方式状语式状语时，定语从句用that/in which /省略省略引导 I dont like the way _he treats me.that/ in whic
20、h/ 省略省略 定语从句的主谓一致定语从句的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词从句中的谓语动词要与先行词先行词在人称和数上保持一致人称和数上保持一致。Anyone who _ to go can get a ticket in the office. Those who _ interested in the exhibition can sign their names here. Tom is one of the boys who _ late for school.Tom is the only one of the boys who _late for schoo
21、l.wantsareareis 定语从句中定语从句中thatthat的省略的省略that引导定语从句，且在从句中充当宾语时，可以省去thatI know the person (that) you are talking toAttributive clause （三）（三）定语从句在写作中的运用定语从句在写作中的运用I work in a school, whose history is more than 70 years.I work in a school, the history of which is more than 70 years.I work in an office b
22、uilding, whose windows face south.I work in an office building, the windows of which face south.I have many friends to whom I can turn for help.借助定语从句，完善表达内容借助定语从句，完善表达内容借助定语从句，丰富句式多样性借助定语从句，丰富句式多样性借助定语从句，使句子结构紧凑，前后衔接一致借助定语从句，使句子结构紧凑，前后衔接一致定语从句在写作中的运用定语从句在写作中的运用1.Last Saturday I watched a concert. T
23、he concert was wonderful.2.Last Saturday I watched a concert which was wonderful.3. People can enjoy the moon while eating mooncakes.借助定语从句，使句子结构紧凑，前后衔接一致借助定语从句，使句子结构紧凑，前后衔接一致借助定语从句，完善表达内容借助定语从句，完善表达内容 , which are the special food for this festival.4.The upcoming Dragon Boat Festival is a Chinese fe
24、stival. , which is celebrated to honor our national hero, Qu Yuan. 5.We are going to hold a school sports meeting. , which is held to enrich our school life.借助定语从句，丰富句式多样性借助定语从句，丰富句式多样性 Our class is a big family ; It consists of 70 girls and 20 boys. Most of them are very hardworking and diligent. J
25、iang zhengfeng is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him. Our class is a big family which consists of 70 girls and 20 boys, most of whom are very hardworking and diligent. Jiang zhengfeng is a kind-hearted boy, who is always ready to help ot
26、hers. He is such a good boy as we all like. Jingzhou is a beautiful city in Hubei Province. The Yangtze River flows through the city. It makes it rich in fish and rice. Besides, Jingzhou is an ancient city, and it has a history of more than two thousand years. Its the place where Chu culture was bor
27、n. It left very valuable cultural relics. When visiting Jingzhou, youll be deeply impressed by Jingzhou Museum and the ancient city wall. The wall remains as good as before. With so many places of interest, Jingzhou is really a good city to visit. Jingzhou is a beautiful city in Hubei Province. The
28、Yangtze River flows through the city. It makes it rich in fish and rice. Besides, Jingzhou is an ancient city, and it has a history of more than two thousand years. Its the place where Chu culture was born. It left very valuable cultural relics. When visiting Jingzhou, youll be deeply impressed by J
29、ingzhou Museum and the ancient city wall. The wall remains as good as before. With so many places of interest, Jingzhou is really a good city to visit.which is in Hubei Province.which makes it rich in fish and rice.which has a history of more than two thousand years.which remains as good as before.w
30、hich left extremely valuable cultural relics.whose history is/借助定语从句，丰富句式多样性借助定语从句，丰富句式多样性A Revised version Jingzhou is a beautiful city located in Hubei Province. The Yangtze River flows through the city, making it rich in fish and rice. Besides, Jingzhou is an ancient city with a history of more t
31、han two thousand years. Its where Chu culture was born, which left very valuable cultural relics. When visiting Jingzhou, youll be deeply impressed by Jingzhou Museum and the ancient city wall which remains as good as before. With so many peaceful and historical sites, the city is really a good plac
32、e to visit.如何写出定语从句如何写出定语从句1.1.题干中出现两句题干中出现两句涉及同一事物涉及同一事物的简单句的简单句1)1)找出这两个简单句中都出现了的找出这两个简单句中都出现了的同一个事物同一个事物。2)2)将将其中一个简单句改成从句其中一个简单句改成从句，去修饰另一个句子中那个相同的事物（，去修饰另一个句子中那个相同的事物（注意关系词的选用注意关系词的选用）2. 2. 题干中只有一个孤立的简单句题干中只有一个孤立的简单句找到句子的中心词，用定语从句将其丰富。找到句子的中心词，用定语从句将其丰富。My best friend is Yang who lives in Jingzhou, where people can visit lots of scenic spots. Ill never forget the days when we used to go swimming together.Our monitor is a warm-hearted girl, who always lends me a helping hand when I am in need.
