1、Unit 4 History and traditions单元核心词汇整体学习Part1 核心动词(14个）精讲精练1. puzzle v.迷惑，使迷惑 n.谜，智力游戏，疑问助记：同义词 confuse v.使困惑翻译：翻译：使我迷惑的是为何他的书如此受欢迎。使我迷惑的是为何他的书如此受欢迎。每个人都很困惑每个人都很困惑并且并且问为什么。问为什么。他们对人们对他们的房子做了什么感到困惑他们对人们对他们的房子做了什么感到困惑 What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.Everybody was puzzled and asked why.T
2、hey felt puzzled about what the people had done to their houses2. belong vi.应在某处，适应 belong to 属于注意：该词不可用于被动语态。翻译：翻译：胜利属于人民胜利属于人民。Success belongs to the persevering.迈克说桌子上的录像带是他的迈克说桌子上的录像带是他的。微笑是一种属于每个人的语言。微笑是一种属于每个人的语言。 Victory belongs to the people.坚持就是胜利。坚持就是胜利。Mike said that the video tapes on th
3、e table belonged to him.Smile is a kind of language belonging to everyone.3. surround vt. 围绕；包围围绕；包围 助记：助记：round v.环绕，使成圆形环绕，使成圆形 adj.圆形的圆形的 adv.在在周围周围 prep.在在的周围的周围(=around)形近词：形近词：sound v.听起来听起来 n.声音声音 ground n.地，土地地，土地一言串记：一言串记：With a variety of pleasant sounds surrounding him, he is lying on the
4、 ground and rounding his lips to hum songs. 翻译翻译(用用surround的搭配翻译的搭配翻译)四周一片漆黑，我几乎看不见任何人。四周一片漆黑，我几乎看不见任何人。 With the crowd surrounding us, my throat was tightening(紧紧) as if a rock was stuck in it and couldnt utter(=speak) a word. Surrounded by total blackness, I could hardly see anyone.有一群有一群人人围着我们，我的
5、喉咙发紧，好像有一块石头卡围着我们，我的喉咙发紧，好像有一块石头卡在里面，一句话也说不出来。在里面，一句话也说不出来。 Singing happily, she gazed(凝视凝视) at her surroundings with large, innocent(无辜的无辜的) eyes. The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colors _ (surround) meThe _ (surround)villages have been absorbed by the growing city. The hungry be
6、ar followed his nose to our camp, _ _ (它被它被包围着包围着) a high wirefence (铁丝栅栏铁丝栅栏).她愉快地唱着歌，用天真的大眼睛注视着她愉快地唱着歌，用天真的大眼睛注视着周围的周围的环境。环境。surroundingsurrounding was surrounded by which4. conqure vt. 占领；征服；控制占领；征服；控制，克服，克服 助记：助记：I came, I saw, I conquered. 凯撒大帝凯撒大帝英译汉：英译汉：For so many years tough studying, I hav
7、e conquered English. Man can conquer nature. 我们要竭尽全力克服困难。我们要竭尽全力克服困难。经过这么多年的艰苦学习，我终于征服了英语。 人定胜天人定胜天。We should try our best to overcome/ conquer the difficulties. 5. battle v. 搏斗；奋斗搏斗；奋斗 n. 战役；搏斗战役；搏斗助记：助记：cattle n.牛牛 bat n.球拍，球棒，蝙蝠球拍，球棒，蝙蝠形似：形似：settle v.解决，定居解决，定居助记：助记：I saw a cattle battling with a
8、 bat.英译汉：英译汉：他们与暴风雨搏斗。诸葛亮率领大军在赤壁与曹操作战。We firmly believe that as long as we unite as one, we will win the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic. They battled a storm.Zhu geliang led the great army and battled against Caocao in Chibi.6. charge vt. 收费；控告；充电n. 收费；指控；主管助记：large adj.大的 形似：change v&n.变化汉译英：
9、I was rooted(扎根) to the spot(地点) when I saw the huge creature(生物) charged towards me. I was assigned (分派) to take charge of the wall newspaper in my class.当我看到 那个巨大的生物向我冲过来冲过来时,我僵在了原地。负责We decided to give Mr Li, who is in charge of our class, a present before graduation. Mr. Wang is in charge of the
10、 library while the lab is in the charge of his wife.I need a charger to charge my phone battery.Dont touch the button with a wet hand, or you may get charged by the electricity.我需要一个充电器给我的手机电池充电。被电到负责由负责7. announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称助记：ounce n.盎司(重量单位，1盎司约等于28克)pronounce v.发音 announcement n.宣布How to prono
11、unce the noun “ounce” in the announcement?汉译英： 他向家人宣布了这个好消息。Its my great honor to announce that I am running for (竞选) chairman of the Students Union.He announced the good news to his family. (英译汉)When the host announced that she won the prize, her heart pounded(怦怦跳) with excitement. （心理描写） A bunch o
12、f solemn(庄严的) sunlight drove away the threatening(险恶的) darkness, announcing the return of the sun. (状物抒情）当主持人宣布她获奖时，她的心激动得怦怦直跳。一束庄严的阳光驱走了险恶的黑暗，宣告着太阳的回归。一束庄严的阳光驱走了险恶的黑暗，宣告着太阳的回归。 8. approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近助记：roach n.蟑螂 coach n.教练The coach introduced an approach to catching roaches
13、in this App.教练(coach) 在这款app上介绍了捉蟑螂(roach)的方法。汉译英： 警车鸣(scream)着警笛(siren)驶近了。The police car approached, its siren screaming. As the Teachers Day was approaching, (=With_, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.他提出了许多学习词汇的好方法。the Teachers Day approachingHe put forward many go
14、od approaches to vocabulary learning.9. ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保助记：sure adj.确定的 assure v.使确信pleasure 快乐, measure措施, treasure珠宝, leisure 休闲Are you sure that you can assure me of your ability to ensure everyones safety?汉译英： 我保证我会全力以赴的(go all out)。I ensure that I will go all out.往往确保我们成功的是勇气和决心。(强调句)总之，诚实会让
15、你过上幸福的生活。(ensure)(续写结尾：主旨升华句) In conclusion, to be honest will ensure you a happy life.It is courage and determination that usually ensure our success. 10. roll v. (使)翻滚,(使)滚动n. 卷(轴), 翻滚助记:rock and roll 摇滚，doll n.玩偶，poll n.民意调查After a poll, it was believed that the doll played the rock and roll best
16、. 英译汉： Thunder rolled in the distance. Lucy rolled her eyes as Tom sat down beside her. 远处雷声隆隆。汤姆在露西身旁坐下,露西翻了个白眼。泪水从他的脸颊滑落（泪水从他的脸颊滑落（roll down)。(心理描写）Lets roll up our sleeves(袖子) and work hard.他静静地站着他静静地站着,眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。 (动作心理描写）A rolling stone gathers no moss(苔藓). (谚语）Tears rolled down her
17、cheeks. 撸起袖子加油干。 He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks. 滚石不滚石不生生苔。苔。( (比喻一定要比喻一定要保持活跃保持活跃，时刻动脑思考，并且，时刻动脑思考，并且付诸行动付诸行动，否则很容易被别人赶超，否则很容易被别人赶超) )11. roar vi.&n.吼叫；咆哮 soar v.翱翔，高飞助记：oar n.橹，桨An old man shook his oars, with the waves roaring and the seagulls soaring in the sky.英译汉： 大风呼啸了一整夜。(环
18、境描写) In a split second , thunder roared and lightning flashed and it began pouring. (环境描写) 霎时, 雷电交加,大雨倾盆。The strong wind roared the whole night.12. greet vt. 问候；迎接助记:greeting n.问候翻译:当孩子们问候他们的祖父母时,他们可以得到钱。 We were greeted with “Happy Chinese New Year”.When the kids greet their grandparents, they can
19、get money.我们收到了“春节快乐”的问候。 13. stew n.炖菜（有肉和蔬菜）v.炖；煨助记: ginger stew soup 姜汤，the northeast stew东北炖菜stewed adj.炖熟的， steamed 蒸熟的(the steamed buns 馒头)翻译:我在锅里炖了肉和蔬菜。 The stewed apple was sour even with honey.这肉得炖两小时。I stewed the meat and vegetables in the pot. 炖熟的苹果即便加了蜂蜜还是很酸。The meat needs to stew for tw
20、o hours.13. crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众 vt. 挤满;使拥挤助记: row n.行,排 v.划船 crow n.乌鸦 crowded 拥挤的A crowd of crows are rowing on the lake.翻译:有一群人被洪水困在那个岛上。 There are a crowd of people trapped by flood on that island.Memories came crowding into her mind.不但城市被污染了,街道也很拥挤。 回忆涌上她的心头。Not only was the city polluted but the
21、 streets were crowded. Part2 核心形容词/副词和短语等 (个）精讲精练1. individual adj. 单独的；个别的n. 个人助记:in+divid(分开)+ual(形容词后缀)=在里面分开就是“单独的，个别的”翻译:个人的努力在社会进步中起作用(count)。In my opinion, learning to drive a car is a very positive experience for an individual.Opinions vary from individual to individual, from culture to cult
22、ure.Individual efforts count in social progress.2. chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的助记:brief adj.简短的，简洁的 hankerchief 手帕thief 贼,小偷 relief 宽慰,轻松 belief 信念 grief 悲伤chief executive officer 首席执行官 (CEO)一言串记： The chief thief said with grief that he had a firm belief that he didnt stole the hankchief with a brief desig
23、n on it.小偷头儿悲伤地说他坚信他没有偷那块上面有简短图案的手帕。3. nearby adj. 附近的；临近的 adv. 在附近助记：near adj.附近的 adv.在附近 passer-by n.路人翻译:她只好向附近的警察求助。 我们立即开车去了附近的一个农场。She had no choice but to turn to the police nearby for help.Immediately, we drove to a nearby farm.4. break的短语的短语break up 打碎；结束,分手；解散break down破坏， 毁掉，分解break in/in
24、to 破门而入， 打断break out 战争爆发， 争吵爆发， (火灾)发生break away from 打破陈规; 奋力挣脱; 放弃习惯(2020天津卷完形) Jones idea has been fully realized the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 32 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.32.A.break down Bput up Ckeep off Dtake out5. military adj. 军事的；军用的助记：military tr
25、aining 军训翻译:军训是培养学生坚强意志力的好方法。6.legal adj. 法律的；合法的助记：illegal adj.非法的英译汉：Lawyers will urge(敦促敦促) parents take legal actions.Military training is a good way to train students strong willpower. 律师将敦促家长采取法律行动。7. fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的； 迷人的助记：=attractive, charming, magnetic有磁力的，有吸引力的翻译:With fascinating s
26、cenery of mountains and rivers, it is a typical county where dozens of ancient villages lie. 这里山川秀美，是一个有着几十个古村落的典型县城。8. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的助记：generosity n.慷慨，大方翻译: “你真是太慷慨了。我很乐意接受你的邀请，”我回答说。“Thats very generous of you. Id love to accept your invitation,” I replied. 9. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的助记：eage
27、rness n.热切，渴望 同义词：anxious/keen搭配 be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物 翻译: 他们急于急于炫耀（show off) 他们美丽的花园。10.sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的 助记：sense n.感觉 sensible a 能感觉的,明智的sensibility n 敏感性，情感They are too eager to show off their beautiful garden.11. striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的助记：noticeable/remarkable/outstandingstrike v.袭击，击打（st
28、ruck, struck)翻译: 两者最显著的区别在于他们对社会的贡献。She felt very ashamed of herself and learned that a kind heart is more important than a striking appearance. The most striking difference between both lies in their contributions to society.她感到非常羞愧，也得知一颗善良的心比一个引人注目的外表更重要。Part3 核心名词(30个）精讲精练1.Confucius n.孔子Sayings
29、from Confucius Learning without thought is useless; thinking without learning is dangerous. “Isnt it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned?” Confucius said. 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。子曰：学而时习之,不亦说乎。2.mansion n.公馆；宅地3.cemetery n.墓地；公墓The Dream of the Red Mansions 4. philosophy n. 哲学助记：philo(爱)+so
30、phy(智慧)爱智慧哲学谐音：“费了书费”就必须学好“哲学”philosopher n.哲学家The ants philosophy is:never give up,look ahead and do whatever you can.蚂蚁的哲学是蚂蚁的哲学是:永不放弃，向前看，尽你所能。永不放弃，向前看，尽你所能。5. descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙助记：descend传下+ant人=传下的人后代近义：offsping 后代We are all descendants of Yan Emperor and Huang Emperor.我们都是炎黄子孙。6. heel n.足跟
31、；后跟助记：eel n.鳝鱼 feel v.觉得 peel v.剥皮Wearing high heel shoes, I feel it tough to peel the eel. 穿着高跟鞋，我觉得剥鳗鱼很艰难。Achilles heel 阿克琉斯的脚跟(喻致命的弱点)形近：wheel n.轮子，方向盘Peter should have a good chance of winning but his Achilles heel is his carelessness.彼得本来有很 好的机会取胜,但他的致命弱点就是太粗心大意7. kingdom n. 王国；领域助记：The United
32、Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (英国的全称)Romance of the Three KingdomsXiamen Fangte Magic Kingdom is a newly-built theme park. 厦门方特魔幻王国是一座新建的主题公园。 三国演义8. currency n. 通货；货币助记：emergency 紧急情况currency exchange 货币对换 digital currency 数字货币 Gold and jewels are the hard currency.黄金和珠宝是硬通货。9. def
33、ence n.防御，保卫助记：fence n.篱笆 v.defend 保卫A thick coat is a good defence against the cold. Humour is a more effective defence than violence. She defended herself successfully in court. 一件厚衣服足可以御寒。幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。她在法庭上成功地为自己进行了辩护。10. evidence n.证据，证明助记：同义词proof 证明 evident adj. 明显的There is no evidence( _)oi
34、l price will come down in the near future. It was _ (evidence) that my effort was in vain as he still talked in class It is easy to find out plenty of _ (evidence) to prove that. thatevidentevidences11. achievement n.成就，成绩，达到助记：achieve v.达到，获得，实现China has made great achievements in the Olympic Games
35、. We can still achieve a lot in a certain field if we try our best. 我相信如果我努力工作，我一定会实现我的梦想。 I am sure I will achieve my dream if I work really hard.12. location n.地方，地点，位置助记：locate v.位于，座落于 be located inThe importance of the town is due to its geographical location. Dongming county is located in the
36、west of Heze city.Located in the east of Shandong Peninsula, Qingdao is a beautiful coastal city. 青岛位于山东半岛东部，是一座美丽的沿海城市。12. port n.港口，接口 harbor n.海港助记：airport 机场 export v.出口 import v.进口report n.&v.报告，报道 support v.支持，养活那艘英国船今天上午抵达港口。The printer is connected to a port of an unsupported type. The Briti
37、sh ship arrived at the port this morning.13. amount n.金额，数量助记：mount n.山 v.爬山,展出 surmount v.克服A large amount of money _ (contribute) to flood-stricken areas last year so that people there could rebuild their homes.Huge amounts of farmland _ ( destroy) in the past five years.Keeping what belongs to an
38、other amounts to stealing. was contributedhave been destoryed占有别人的东西就占有别人的东西就相当于相当于偷盗。偷盗。14. gallery n.展览馆，画廊助记：art gallery 艺术画廊 nursery n托儿所The gallery has mounted an exhibition of art by Irish women painters. I wish to make a suggestion about starting a school art gallery.画廊已举办了一场爱尔兰女画家的作品展。我想对开办学
39、校艺术画廊提个建议。15.landscape n.风景助记:landmark n.地标 landlord n.地主,房东landline座机,固定电话 landfill 垃圾填埋场landslide 滑坡【佳句赏析】The scenery along the journey is just like a breath-taking landscape painting. (景物描写) 沿路的风景就像一幅美丽的/惊艳的山水画卷。The tree stood out from the rest of the landscape, bathed in a bright angelic light.
40、(景物描写) 这棵树沐浴在明亮的天使般的光芒中，显得格外突出。16. butter n.黄油，奶油助记：cutter n.刀具,切割机 mutter v.抱怨,嘀咕17.honey n.蜂蜜助记：honeybee 蜜蜂 honeymoon 蜜月 honey-dew melon (哈密瓜)My heart is as sweet as honey. 我心里像喝了蜜一样18. ancestor n.祖宗，祖先助记：同义词forefather祖先，前辈The temple was built in memory of one of our ancestors. 19. position n.位置，姿
41、态，职位助记：opposition n.反对 transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁翻译：我写信想应聘销售助理一职。 20. courtyard n. 庭院；院子助记：court(庭院)+yard(后院)=院子court n.法庭， yard n.尺码(1码0.91米)schoolyard n.校园I am writing to apply for the position as a sales assistant.翻译：我们在院子里种了一些榆树(elm)。我在院子里的一张桌子旁坐下。21.snack n. 点心；小吃助记：sack n.麻袋 同义：dessert n.甜点refresh
42、ments 点心，小吃，茶点We planted some elms in the yard. I sat down at a table in the courtyard.22. poet n. 诗人 poem n.诗 poetry n.诗歌助记：The poem written by the poet Libai is considered as one of the greatest poems in the history of Chinese poetry.翻译： 我写了一首纪念伟大爱国诗人屈原的诗。I wrote a poem to honour the great patriot
43、ic poet Quyuan.23. county n.郡(BrE)；县(AmE)助记：country n.国家，乡村，故乡countryside n.农村，乡村24.feast n. 盛宴；宴会；节日助记：beast n.野兽 least 至少At least, the beasts have come to the feast.翻译：A walk around the city is a feast for the mind as well as the eye. 在这座城市里散步是一场赏心悦目的盛宴。25. dot n.点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布助记:got得到, hot 热的，辣
44、的，lot多的，pot 罐子I got a hot pot where there was a lot of cakes with many dots on them.英译汉： The sky was dotted with stars. Mist-covered mountains were dotted with small farms and villages. 天空繁星密布。(点缀着)26. cattle n.牛(复数)(总称)，牲畜助记: cow 奶牛,母牛 bull/ox公牛, calf 小牛, buffalo 水牛，farm cattle 耕牛, yak 牦牛“三牛精神”thre
45、e ox spiritthe year of ox 牛年孺子牛 serving-the-people ox老黄牛 persisting/willing ox拓荒牛 pioneering ox Ox is a symbol of diligence, dedication, progress and strength. The selfless commitment to the good of the people is represented by 孺子牛, or the serving-the-people ox.牛是勤劳、奉献、奋进与力量的象征。人们把为民服务、无私奉献比喻为“孺子牛”。
46、27. ocean n. 大海；海洋 sea 大海助记: The Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Atlantic Ocean大西洋the Indian Ocean 印度洋the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋the East China Sea 东海the South China Sea 南海the Yellow Sea 黄海the Bohai Sea 渤海28. scent n.气味；气息助记:cent n.分(美分), smell n.气味 odour n.(难闻的)气味, perfume/ fragrance 香味, sweet scent 香甜的味道英译汉： On a q
47、uiet morning in the mountains,feel the sun on your skin,and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.在宁静的早晨,在山上,感受阳光照射在你的皮肤上,呼吸鲜花的芬芳,鸟儿用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天。29. pub n. 酒吧；酒馆,wine n.葡萄酒；果酒,beer n.（一杯）啤酒助记： How pleasant it is to drink a cup of sweet grape wine or several cans of beer in the small country pub!在乡村的小酒馆里喝上一杯甘美的葡萄酒或几听啤酒是多么惬意啊!30. custom n. 习俗；风俗；习惯助记: customs n.海关，关税英译汉： Im glad to know that you spent the Spring Festival in China, and enjoyed the traditional Chinese customs and cultures.我很高兴得知你们在中国度过了春节，并感受了中国的传统习俗和文化。
