1、VOCABULARY1. confusion (n.) U 不确定，困惑；混乱，混乱状态词汇记忆 confuse sb. with sth. 某事令某人迷惑不解 confuse A and/with B 混淆A与B拓展总结 confuseconfusion confused/confusingfuse-：注入con-是前缀，表示“加强”1. confusion (n.) U 不确定，困惑；混乱，混乱状态 There is some confusion about what the correct procedure should be. 对于应该采取什么正确步骤，还是有些不明确。佳句列举练习巩
2、固 As I tried describing Thanksgiving Day to my in-laws (姻亲) in China, I could already see their eyes cloud over with _ (confuse) and sense the questions forming in their minds.confusion2. be similar to 与相似拓展总结【2016浙江卷】In many ways, the education system in the US has some _ (similar) to that in the U
3、K.高考链接similaritiesbe similar in 在方面相似be different from 与不同similarity (n.) 相似性similar3. individual (adj.) 个人的，个别的词汇记忆 give individual attention to 关注到每个人 an individual way of sth./doing sth. （独特的）做某事的方式拓展总结 individualize（v.）individual individuality（n.） divide- ：分开 in- ：否定作用【2020北京阅读理解】 Interestingly,
4、 this trend isnt evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.【2019北京】In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. 在棒球运动中，个人球员的表现对队友的依赖性较小。高考链接3. individual (adj.) 个人的，个别的4. Achilles heel (喻)（希腊神话）阿克琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点阿基里
5、斯是古希腊神话中最伟大的英雄之一。相传，他的母亲是一位女神，在他降生之初，女神为了使他长生不死，将他浸入冥河洗礼。阿基里斯从此刀枪不入，百毒不侵，只有一点除外他的脚踵当时被女神提在手中，未能浸入冥河，于是“阿基里斯之踵”就成了这位英雄的唯一弱点。在漫长的特洛亚战争中，阿基里斯一直是希腊人最勇敢的将领。在十年战争即将结束时，敌方将领在众神的示意下，抓住了阿基里斯的弱点，一箭射中他的脚踵，阿基里斯最终不治而亡。 pull ones leg 同某人开玩笑 fish out of water 因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人 fly off the handle 大发雷霆 be over the m
6、oon 欣喜若狂 laugh ones head off 大笑不止习语链接词源 be all ears 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听 childs play 很容易的事 a wet blanket 扫兴的人或者事情 a lucky dog 幸运儿 a tough nut 难对付的人4. Achilles heel (喻)（希腊神话）阿克琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点习语链接puzzle (n.) 谜语，疑问 （vt.）迷惑拓展总结You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest
7、_ (puzzle) in our life.These scientists have been puzzled _ how to solve the environmental problem.巩固练习 n. be in a puzzle 感到困惑 be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜v. puzzle about/over 苦苦思考puzzlepuzzlesabout/overbreak away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛佳句列举拓展总结 It took great courage to break away from his family at th
8、at time.breakintodownoutup损坏，发生故障破门而入（战争）爆发，（火灾）突然发生结束，破裂损坏, 出故障崩溃, 垮掉分解, 分类打碎破裂分解驱散放假折断终止; 中断闯入插话闯入爆发迸发, 爆发突破; 突围脱离; 摆脱巩固练习 If you go on working like that, you will break _ sooner or later. With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to break _ _ the Union. break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离
9、；背叛downaway frombelong to 属于 No matter what happens, Taiwan belongs to China.佳句列举要点必记 belong vi. 应在（某处）；适应 belongings n. （pl.）所有物；财产，财物 personal belongings 个人财物，私人用品 He was upset that the valuable watch _ _ _ （属于他的）was lost yesterday. 单句写作belongingto him belong to 属于语法填空The old house (belong) to my
10、grandfather was still in good condition. I just escaped from the flood and all my _ (belong) were swept away. If someone belongs a particular group, he or she is a member of that group. belongingbelongingstoresult in 导致，造成拓展总结 result in 导致，造成 result from 由于 as a result 因此，结果 as a result of 由于result
11、in 导致，造成语法填空 The terrible accident resulted _ careless driving. The accident resulted _ heavy losses because many cultural relics were destroyed. He studies very hard. As _ result, he now speaks brilliant English. He has a preference for literature as a result _ the influence from his mother. from i
12、naof拓展总结 A as well as/together with/along with B + 谓语动词+ 其他 谓语动词的单复数由 A 决定 not only A but also B 不但A而且B（强调B ） A as well as B 不但B而且A （强调A ） as well as （1）同（一样也） （2）和；还 as well as （1）同（一样也） （2）和；还 巩固练习 Peter as well as his friends _ (like) to listen to classical music. Not only he but also his brother
13、s _ (work) like mad at the moment. He gave me some good tips as well _ some warnings. Dr. Smith, as well as his wife and daughters, _ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer. likes are working asis as well as （1）同（一样也） （2）和；还 一句多译 他不但种花，而且种菜。 He grows vegetables _ _ _ flowers. He grows _ _ vegetable
14、s _ _ flowers. as well as not onlybut also as well _as well as _as good as _也和, 以及; 同一样好(副词)几乎和一样; 同一样好(形容词) defence n. 防御；保卫词汇记忆 defence (n.) 捍卫 in defence of 为辩护；捍卫，保卫 build up a defence 筑起一道防线 defence against 抵御 in ones defence 站在某人一边；为某人辩护 come to ones defence 出来保护某人 defend (vt.) 保护；保卫defend. fr
15、om/against. 保护免受伤害；保卫 defend oneself against. 为自己辩护8. defence n. 防御；保卫语法填空 The town walls were built as a defence _ enemy attacks. Two rescue workers came to his _ (defend) when the accident happened. All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves _ the sudden attacks. against defence from
16、/against defence n. 防御；保卫单句写作 Mr Green stood up _ _ _ （为辩护）the little boy, saying that he was not the one to blame. Thousands of young men came forward, willing to _ _ _ （保卫他们的国家）. I have to say _ _ _ （为她辩护）that she knew nothing about the incident at first. in defence of defend their country in her
17、defence 词根词缀 round-：圆形 派生词汇surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的（只用于名词前）surroundings n. (pl) 环境 拓展总结 be surrounded by/with. 被 环绕/ 包围surround（vt.）围绕，包围词汇记忆 surround（vt.）围绕，包围巩固练习The garden _ _ _ （由包围着）a hedge in which many small creatures can live. is surrounded by/with 语法填空 词汇复现The poet was surrounded _ a crowd
18、of people, eager to hear his speech. Mrs White found her husband _ (surround) by letters and papers and looking very worried. They live in a beautiful village, with many trees and flowers _ (surround) it.bysurrounded surrounding surround（vt.）围绕，包围语法填空 _ (surround) by the clear waters, this forest pr
19、ovides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild. Surrounded location (n.) 地方词汇记忆 the location of the factory 工厂的位置 the exact/precise location 确切位置（2）locate vt. 坐落于；位于；找出的位置 be located in/on 坐落于，位于 locate Berlin on the map 在地图上找到柏林location (n.) 地方巩固练习 The ancient peop
20、le built towers in different _ （locate）for military defence. China _ （locate）in the east of Asia with the area of about 9, 600, 000 square kilometres. Mount Huang _ （位于）Anhui Province. The centre _ many historical sites. （这个中心距离许多古迹都很近。）单句写作locations is located is located in is located within easy r
21、each of battle （1）n. 战役；搏斗（2）vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗巩固练习 She has _ （与抗争）cancer for two years. battled against/withbattle (vt.) 与战斗，奋斗battle against/with 与战斗battle for 为而战，为而奋斗date back（to）追溯到要点记忆 out of date 过时 up to date 最新的，新式的 to date 迄今，到目前为止 On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple _ (date)
22、from the Tang Dynasty. 巩固练习dating keep your eyes open（for）留心；留意要点记忆 keep an eye on 照看;留意;密切关注 keep at it 坚持干，继续苦干 keep up 保持；继续 keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和保持联系 keep back 阻止；隐瞒 keep away （from） 避免接近（） keep sb. from doing. 阻止某人做 keep your eyes open（for）留心；留意巩固练习 You must keep your _ (eye) open if you are g
23、oing to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. Keep your eyes open _ a boy in a red sweater. Youre walking so fast that I cant keep up _ you. Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese _ burning. eyes for with from 要点记忆搭配 1 （名词） take charge of 主管；负责 free of ch
24、arge 免费（=for free） in/under the charge of 由负责/ 掌管 （动词） charge sb. for sth. 因某事/ 某物向某人收费 charge sb. with sth. /doing sth. 指控某人（做）某事 charge （1）n. 收费；指控；主管 （2）vt. 收费；控告；充电 charge （1）n. 收费；指控；主管 （2）vt. 收费；控告；充电要点比较 How much do you charge me it? No. In fact it is free charge at the weekend. He was charge
25、d murder and sentenced to death. 巩固练习forof with 单句写作 The man _ （负责）the gallery announced that an exhibition of paintings would be held. He is old, so his son will _ （负责）the farm. The programme is _ （由 负责/ 掌管）Mr Zhang. charge （1）n. 收费；指控；主管 （2）vt. 收费；控告；充电in charge of take charge of in the charge of
26、单句写作 The man _ （被指控） theft, but he made a protest. Somehow they didnt _ us _ （因向收费） delivery this time. charge （1）n. 收费；指控；主管 （2）vt. 收费；控告；充电was charged with chargefor He was charged with being mean to the employees after he took charge of the company, which had been in the charge of his father, for
27、 he began to charge the staff for charging their electric bicycles. 他被指控在他掌管了他父亲管理的公司后对员工很刻薄，因为他开始向员工收取给电动车充电的费用。announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称词汇记忆 announce sth. to sb. = announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事 announce that. 宣布 As is announced. 据报道 It is announced that. 据报道 make an announcement 宣布通告单句写作 The spokesman
28、of the Foreign Ministry announced the news _ the reporters. We are pleased _ (announce) that all five candidates are successful. _ is announced in todays newspaper, they have succeeded in solving many problems about the new technique. She made her _ (announce) after talks with the president. announc
29、e vt. 宣布；通知；声称toto announce As announcement amount n. 金额；数量拓展记忆 A large amount of + 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他. Large amounts of + 不可数名词+ 复数谓语动词+ 其他. A large quantity of + 可数/ 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他. Large quantities of + 可数/ 不可数名词+ 复数谓语 动词+ 其他.amount n. 金额；数量拓展记忆 A good/great many （A large/great number of 、Quite
30、 a few） + 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语动词+ 其他. Many a + 可数名词单数 + 单数谓语动词+ 其他. A lot of/ Lots of （Plenty of ）+ 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词+ 谓语动词+ 其他. （谓语动词的单复数根据of 后的名词确定）amount n. 金额；数量单句写作 他们在这个问题上花费了大量的时间。（amount） _ _ _ _They spent a large amount of time on this problem. They spent large amounts of time on this problem. 语法填空amo
31、unt n. 金额；数量 With more forests being destroyed, a large amount of good earth _ (be) being washed away each year. There _ (be) large amounts of valuable information about the Olympic Games. To my disappointment, a large amount of money _ (waste) so far. A number of high buildings _ (arise) where ther
32、e was nothing a year ago but ruins. is arehas been wasted have arisen 词汇记忆 名词 the approach of. 的来临 at the approach of 在快到的时候 an approach to （doing）sth. （做）某事的方法（to 是介词） adopt/take an approach 采用一种方法approach （1）n. 方法；途径；接近 （2）vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近词汇记忆 approach the house 走近房子 see/hear sb./sth. approac
33、hing 看到/ 听到某人/ 某物接近 be easy/difficult to approach 容易接近/ 难以接近 approach the problem/matter 处理问题 approach （1）n. 方法；途径；接近 （2）vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近巩固练习 The best approach to _ (explore) the puzzle is to keep your eyes open. Many kinds of birds fly south _ the approach of winter. All the approaches _ the p
34、alace were guarded by troops. The approach _ the summer vacation brings the kids much happiness.approach （1）n. 方法；途径；接近 （2）vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近exploring attoof要点记忆 generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的 be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨 be generous with sth. 在某方面大方，不吝啬某物 Its generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨。 generously
35、adv. 慷慨地，大方地 generosity n. 慷慨，大方 mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的generous adj. （1）慷慨的，大方的 （2）丰富的巩固练习 generous adj. （1）慷慨的，大方的 （2）丰富的 These volunteers are very generous _ the old men. The young man is very generous _ his time in helping others. It is generous of you _ (lend) your portable computer to me. to with to
36、 lend 误区警示 当 position, situation, point, case, stage 等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用 where 引导。 position n. 位置；姿态；职位巩固练习 Ensure that everything is _ position when we come back to the room. Im sorry if I put you _ an awkward position. If a container catches liquid, it is in a position _ the liquid f
37、alls into it. position n. 位置；姿态；职位 in in where eager adj. 热切的；渴望要点记忆 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sth. 渴求某事物 be eager in 热衷于 The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager _ knowledge and eager _ (make) progress, so she is eager _ her study and is always praised by her teache
38、rs. 巩固练习to makeforin 2. make up 组成要点记忆 部分 + make up + 整体 = 整体 + be made up of +部分 make up for 补偿 make out 辨认出；明白，理解 make it 及时到达；取得成功 make the best of 充分利用 make up ones mind 下定决心 make good / full use of 好好/ 充分利用2. make up 组成单句写作 We need two more volunteers to _（组成一个团队）. Our class _（由构成） fifty studen
39、ts. make up a team is made up of 2. make up 组成翻译练习 Different qualities make up a persons character. The company will be forced to pay 6 million dollars to make up the difference. She spent two hours making herself up before the party. He made up a song in memory of the hero. Have you made up with Pa
40、tty yet? 组成补足化妆创作和好3. greet vt. （1）问候 （2）迎接 （3）映入的眼帘；传入的耳中/ 鼻中助记You are great to greet us with such warm greetings.greet the New Year 迎接新年 要点记忆greet sb. with 用向某人打招呼/ 问候某人greeting n. 问候，招呼，致意 （常用复数形式greetings 表示“问候语，贺词”） send greetings to sb. 向某人致意(2019江苏) Li Jiang and Su Hua dont agree on what to w
41、ear when_the British students.李江和苏华在迎接英国学生时的着装上意见不一。(2013浙江)The moment I arrived in Paris, I was _ a nice French couple who would become my host parents.我一到巴黎就受到一对法国夫妇的欢迎，他们后来成了我的寄宿家长。 His appearance on the platform was greeted _ a burst of applause. We are _（greet）by an entertaining view of the sea
42、. Lily sends greetings _ her teachers every Teachers Day. with greeted to greeting was greeted by4. custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯误区警示 复数 customs 还专指“海关”。 a customs officer 海关官员 It _ （已经变成一个习俗） to hold a party to celebrate the harvest every year. _（对中国人来说是一种习俗）to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival to get rid of ill fortune. 巩固练习has become a custom It is a custom for Chinese people
