1、.1动词的时态动词的时态一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法1经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语连用。 时间状语：时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.22客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句
2、中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.3表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。骄者必败。.3 4现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 5表示现刻动作表示现刻动作 比较：比较：Now I put the sugar in t
3、he cup.I am doing my homework now.4一般现在时表示现刻动作 1）演示说明）演示说明 2）球赛解说）球赛解说 3）动作描述或舞台动作描述）动作描述或舞台动作描述 4）剧情介绍）剧情介绍 5）讲书面材料的内容）讲书面材料的内容 6）指引道路）指引道路 7）图片说明）图片说明 8）here, there 后后.5一般现在表示将来情况一般现在表示将来情况1）表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事）表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事Im free from two to five this afternoon. Are you free tonight?The train
4、leaves in five minutes time.62）在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在）在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来动作时表示将来动作If I see Nancy Ill ask her.We will let you know as soon as you arrive.7一般现在表示过去动作一般现在表示过去动作He says he cant wait any longer.My friend tell me that youve beenunwell.8现在进行时1现在进行时的基本用法：现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在表示现在( 指说话人说话时指说话人说话时)
5、 正在发生的正在发生的事情。事情。 We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.9c. 表示渐变的动词，有：表示渐变的动词，有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。等。 The leaves are tu
6、rning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 与与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.10典型例题典型例题 My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont fi
7、ndC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.答案答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。成时。.11 2.不用进行时的动词不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure,
8、continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.122) 心理状态的动词心理状态的动词know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.133 ) 瞬间动词瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, f
9、inish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系动词系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.但，但，be用在现在进行时态表示一时的表现用在现在进行时态表示一时的表现 Youre being very clever today.14现在进行时表将来 1）口语，已计划安排好的事。 Im meeting Peter tonight. Hes taking me to the thea
10、tre. 以事物为主语多用一般现在 以人为主语时多用现在进行 The train leaves at 9:30. Nancy isnt coming to the party.15一般过去时 1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。等。 Where did you go just now? 2表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was
11、a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.163句型：句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到到时间了时间了 该该了了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了时间已迟了 早该早该了了 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该你该睡觉了。睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早你早该睡觉了
12、。该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示表示宁愿某人做某事宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.174 wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以我以为你想要一些。为你想要一些。I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favour.18 比较：比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，
13、现已不复存在。过去，现已不复存在。Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去去) .19注意：注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。气。1）动词）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。等。Did you want anything
14、 else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词）情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?.20过去进行时过去进行时.21 现在完成时现在完成时1.现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过过去分词。去分词。.22
15、2.用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.232）This is the that结构，结构，that 从句要用从句要用现在完成时现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
16、这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming .24 (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. e
17、ven, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come .25注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。以持续的。（错）（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.26 3比较过去时与现在完成时比较过去时与现在完成时 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙）过去时表示过去某时发生的动
18、作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。状语。.27一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语具体的时间状语共同的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morni
19、ng, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语不确定的时间状语.28 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
20、 过去时常用的非持续性动词有过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。等。举例：举例： I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）了。） .29 Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）（强调起床的动作已发生过了。） Who hasnt handed in hi
21、s paper?（强调有卷子）（强调有卷子） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来的。她是昨天回来的。 He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续).30 He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，三年前入团，joine
22、d为短暂行为。为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -Hes already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. Tom wrote a letter to his parents l
23、ast night.31 4比较比较since和和forSince 用来说明动作起始时间，用来说明动作起始时间，for用来用来说明动作延续时间长度。说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. .32I have known Xiao Li since she was a l
24、ittle girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.注意：并非有注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。现在我仍在这里工作。).33 小窍门：当现在完
25、成时小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。.34 1) Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2) Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years a
26、go, and is still getting married now.355.延续动词与瞬间动词延续动词与瞬间动词1) 用于完成时的区别用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表瞬间动词表示行为的结示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。用。 He has completed the work.他已他已完成了那项工作。完成了那项工作。 (表结果表结果) Ive known him since then. 我从我从那时起就认识他了。那时起就认识他了。(表经历表经历).362) 用于用于till / until从句的差异从句的差
27、异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做做直到直到” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到到，才，才” He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到他到10 点才回来。点才回来。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到他一直睡到10点。点。.37现在完成进行时 1)Ive been waiting an hour and he still hasnt turned up. What have you been doing all these years? 2) How long have you bee
28、n wearing glassed? Have you been waiting long?.38 3)Weve been living in this city since 1980. It has been raining for two hours now. 4)动作的重复 He has been coughing a lot lately. He ought to give up smoking. Youve often been making mistakes like this.39现在完成和现在完成进行的比较现在完成和现在完成进行的比较 1、Ive made a cake. Iv
29、e been making a cake. Hes written a novel. Hes been writing a novel. 2、多数静态动词用于完成时 Ive known that for a long time. The strike has lasted six months.40一般将来时一般将来时 1.用法用法 1)将要发生的事将要发生的事 2）下列情况常用）下列情况常用will.a.征求意见，提出请求征求意见，提出请求,常用于第二人称常用于第二人称,will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在陈述句中用于各人称， 。Which paragraph shall I read fir
30、st.Will you be at home at seven this evening?.41b.句型I thinkwill I think theyll succeed. I suppose theyll buy the house. C.做出允诺 Ill be there, I promise you. Ill be home in time for supper.42 d.表示未来习惯性动作 Spring will come again. Birds will build nests. e.表示同意 -Dont be late. -No, I wont.432.表示未来的结构表示未来的
31、结构1)be going to +不定式，表示将来。不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm2) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。发生的事。 We are t
32、o discuss the report next Saturday.443)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：注意：be about to 不能与不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。.45 3.be going to / will 用于条件句时，用于条件句时， be going to表将来表将来 will表意愿表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd bette
33、r get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.464.be to和和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排客观安排)Im going to play
34、 football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排主观安排).47将来进行时将来进行时 1.将来某时将正在进行的动作。将来某时将正在进行的动作。Next Wednesday Well be flying to Sydney.What will you be doing on Saturday?On Saturday morning, Bill will be working in the garden and Ann will be shopping. 2 安排要做的事或预计会发生的事安排要做的事或预计会发生的事Hell be taking his exam next we
35、ek.48将来完成时the future perfect tense 将来某时某动作已经完成或某事情已发生 By the end of the year Ill have saved $1,000. Tom will have had his exam by 18 December. The train will have left when we get to the station.49将来完成进行时将来完成进行时 将来某时某个动作已进行多久了By this summer hell have been training horses for ten years.On November 1
36、well have been living in this flat for thirty years.50过去完成时过去完成时 1 概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去 -|-|-|- 那时以前那时以前 那时那时 现在现在 2 用法用法a.在在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动等动词后的宾语从句。词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. He heard that they had made an important discovery.51b. 状语从句状语从句 When the pol
37、ice arrived, the thieves had run away. I found the letter long after he had gone away.c. 表示意向的动词，如表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示等，用过去完成时表示原原本本，未能，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. We had thought to return early but they wouldnt let us go.52 3过去完
38、成时的时间状语过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. .53典型例题典型例题 The students _
39、busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left.54注意：注意：hardly when刚刚 就就had no sooner than刚刚 就就 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.Hardly had we got out when it began to snow.55过
40、去完成进行时过去完成进行时 He was tired. He had been working since dawn. It had been snowing all night. The ground was covered with thick snow. He asked how long I had been waiting.56过去将来时过去将来时 We stopped for a little while. After that we would go into town. I knew you would agree.57过去将来进行时过去将来进行时 I thought Rich
41、ard would be looking after her. I asked him what he would be doing that night. He said he would be watching TV that night.58过去将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时 She said she would have been teaching for twenty years by this summer. They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thi
42、rty years.59时态一致时态一致如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时。则永远用现在时。At that time, people did not know that the earth moves.He told me last week that he is eighteen.2. 宾语从句中的助动词宾语从句中的助动词ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的。时态是不变的。He thought that I need not tell you the truth.60时态与时间状语时态与时间状语 时间状语时间状语一般
43、现在时一般现在时every , sometimes,at , on Sunday, 一般过去时一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now一般将来时一般将来时next, tomorrow, in+时间时间, 现在完成时现在完成时for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently.61过去完成时过去完成时before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as过去进行时过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while将来进行时将来进行时soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
