1、初中定语从句讲解定语? He has big eyes.(形容词形容词)? She is a girl with long hair.(介词短语介词短语)? There is a kite flying in the sky.(现在分词现在分词)? I bought a book written by Lu Xun .(过去分词过去分词)? He is a student who studies abroad .(从句从句)? We can do anything that can be done on the earth.(从句从句)?概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(Attribut
2、ive clause)Mary is a beautifulgirl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句1.The man is a worker.2.The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子:The man whois speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man wholives next to us is a policeman.先行词_关系词_定语从句先行词关系词定语从句Mary is a girl whohas long
3、hair.关系代词关系副词which, who, whom, whose, thatWhere, when?关系词作用1.代替先行词; 它还在定语从句中 担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）? 关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。关系代词关系代词that, which 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物的的名词或代词名词或代词，关系代词应用，关系代词应用that 、which. ( 作主语或宾语)判断先行词作主语或宾语判断先行词作主语或宾语This is the
4、 house which is for sale.This is the mistakewhich /that I always make.I still keep the letterswhich she wrote to me.The book which is lying on the floor is mine .I lost the penwhich my father bought me.This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.The
5、 dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which/that was lost has been found.which / that 作主语作主语. (不能省略)（作主语）which / that 作宾语作宾语 ： （可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is the card which / that Ive just received.( ) （作宾语可省略）This is the mistake which /that I always make.I still kee
6、p the letters which/that she wrote to me.I lost the penwhich/that my father bought me.This is the mistake I always make.I still keep the letters she wrote to me.I lost the pen my father bought me.关系代词做宾语可以省略关系代词who, that, whom 引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that ( 作主语或宾语)whom ( 作宾语)who / that 作主
7、语. (不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who is very popular in China.(作主语)1.The boywho broke the window is called Roy.2. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?3. The girlwho is watering the flowersis my cousin./ thatwho / whom / tha
8、t 作宾语：( 可省略)The man is a famous writer.He described the man just now.The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）1.The boywho/whom Im looking for is my friend.The boy for whom Im looking is my friend.(介词提前只用whom）2.The thief has been sent to prison.The police caught the
9、 thief last night.The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.关系代词1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）The man (who)I talked with is our teacher.A person whosteals things is called a thief.2.whom 指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who)I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is M
10、r. Li.小结：?that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。?which 指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.?who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom ）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词单复数形式由先行词定。Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is
11、smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ thatteaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who/that is smoking.Where is the picture that/which you bought last week?有时只能用有时只能用that , 不用不用which, 常见的情况有六种：常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是al
12、l, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。Thats all that I know.Is there anything that I can do for you?He answered few questionsthat the teacher asked.2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时That is the most interesting book that I have eve
13、r read.The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3. 当先行词有one of, the one, 或用little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much th
14、at I can offer you.4. 当主句以who 或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that, 而不用which 或who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost ?5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. Is t
15、his the library (which/that)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?6.which 指人/物，作宾语如介词提前则不能用 that) Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?1)This is the hero ( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud o
16、f .2)The room(that) I live in is very big.The room(which)I live in is very big.The roomin which I live is very big.关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)whose 作定语,表示所属关系。The boy is my classmate.The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.
17、?whose作定语从句的定语定语.I know the girl whosemother is a teacher.分解I know the girl.The girlsmother is a teacher.作定语?A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿孤儿).?A. who B. whose C. whos D. whichExercise 1 :用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I received y
18、esterday was from my sister.3. I hate people _ talk much but do little.4. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we hav
19、e lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things_ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2. 1. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2. Say all _ you know.3. Is there anything _ I can do for
20、you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing,all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句
21、是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句 ，而先行词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat关系副词：关系副词：when/ where/whywhen 作时间状语:She will never forget the day.She was married on that day.She will never forget the day when (=on which)she was married.It was the year.The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when (= in which) the W
22、orld War I broke out.When = 介词+ whichwhere 作地点状语I want to know the place.I was born there.I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born .The table where (= at which )she is sitting is a new one.where = 介词+ whichwhy 作原因状语作原因状语, 其先行词常常是其先行词常常是the reason.That is the reason why(= for which) Im
23、late.I know the reason why he said it.why = for whichExercise?1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.A. which B. when C. that D. on that?2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan.which B. what C. why D. for that ? 3.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.? A. which B. when C. t
24、hat D. on that? 4. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that? 1. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that? 2. Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year? A. which B.where C.what D. why? 3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is
25、 a museum now.? A. which B.where C.what D.that? 4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.? A. that B.where C.what D. why? 5.He told her the reason_ why he is unhappy, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her.? A. why; why? B. why; which? C. that; why? D. which; w
26、hy【例1】 The necklace _ you gave me for my birthday.A.who B.where C.which D.what ?典型例题解析C【例2】 Polly was the thief _stole Mums necklace.A.who B.where C.which D.what A【例3】 The one _ he gave me is black.A.who B.that C.which D.whatB 【例6】This is the most interesting storyI have heard of. A.which B.that C.w
27、ho D.what 【例4】 The one _ one a thousand dollars turned out to be false.A.which cost B.which spendC.that cost D.that spend ?典型例题解析C 【例5】 This is the first article he has writtenin English.A.which B.that C.who D.what BB.单项选择1.There is nothing _ I can do.A.that B.which C.who D.what2.Do you know the man
28、 _ is wearing glasses?A.who B.which C.what D.where3.The boy _ is playing football is my brother.A.which B.who C.what D.where4.Ill never forget the day _ I first met her.A.what B.who C.which D.when5.I cant find the book _ my mother bought me.A.who B.when C.which D.what?课时训练(A)(A)(B)(D)(C)?课时训练6.The f
29、ilm _I saw yesterday was very interesting.A.who B.when C.what D.that7.This is the pan _ I heat the milk.A.which B.where C.with which D.in which8.Is there anything _ I can help you?A.that B.which C.who D.what9.All _ is needed is a few hands to help with the work.A.what B.that C.which D.things10.Is th
30、is the factory _you wish to visit?A.that B.where C.when D.what(D)(D)(A)(B)(A)11.Im reading a book _ is written by Luxun.A.which B.who C.what D.when12.I like the teacher _ gave us a talk last week.A.who B.which C.when D.where13.This is one of the beautiful mountains _ I have seen before.A.which B.who
31、 C.what D.that14.After 20 years he went back to the city _ he used to live.A.where B.when C.what D.how15.Mr Green is only one of those foreigners _is working in China.A.that B.which C.whom D.whose?课时训练(A)(A)(D)(A)(A)16.My necklace is not the only thing _is missing.A.which B.that C.what D.where17.I h
32、ate people _ talked much but do A.who ，few B.that ，fewC.which ，little D.who ，little18.Ill shoot anyone _ moves.A.which B.when C.where D.who19.I dont know the reason _he was late this morning.A.what B.when C.why D.who20.We are looking for a thief _ parrots and necklaces.A.who like stealingB.who likes
33、 stealingC.that like to stealD.which likes to steal ?课时训练(B)(D)(D)(B)(C).句型转换1.Do you know the man?The man is picking up the waste paper.(改为含有定语从句的句子)Do you know the man _ _up the waste paper.2.I like books.The books are written by Charles Dickens.(改为含有定语从句的句子)I like books _ _written by Charles Dick
34、ens.3.I want to make friends with the people are kind to old people.( 改为含有定语从句的句子)I want to make friends with people _ _ _to old people.4.The novel is very instructive.I read it yesterday.(合并为一句)The novel _I _yesterday is very instructive.?课时训练whos pickingwhich arewho are kindwhichread5.The girl is
35、very beautiful.The girl is wearing red skirt. (合并为一句)The girl _ _ _red skirt is very beautiful.6.Li Lei is the Young Pioneer.He helped the old man find his home.(合并为一句)Li Lei is the Young Pioneer _ _the old man find his home.7.Do you like the animal?The animal looks like a big house.(合并为一句)Do you li
36、ke the animal _ _like a big house.8.China is a great country that has long history.(改为同义句)China is a great country_ long history.?课时训练who is wearingwho helpedwhich/that lookswith 9.The girl in red hat is my sister.(改为同义句)The girl_ _ _red hat is my sister.10.I dont like bikes which have big wheels.(对划线部分提问)_bikes _you like?11.The man who is wearing glassesstole Mrs.Greens necklace.( 对划线部分提问)_ _stole Mrs. Greens necklace?12.Its a pretty city that doesnt have any motobikes.(改为同义句)Its a pretty city _ _motorbikes.?课时训练who is wearingWhich which manwithout anydont谢谢观赏谢谢观赏
