1、 2020 英语备考英语备考-新型冠状病毒肺炎的相关知识汇总新型冠状病毒肺炎的相关知识汇总 我们不仅要关注相关疫情，近期的新型冠状病毒肺炎，作为最受关注的公共安全事件，肯定会 被各科老师及中考命题者紧紧盯上，体现在各科试卷中，这些涉及初中的相关知识，在家的同时一 定要认真学习！ 英语 【知识点】 冠状病毒 （coronavirus） 是一类主要引起呼吸道、 肠道疾病 （respiratory and intestinal diseases）的病原体。这类病毒颗粒的表面有许多规则排列的突起（a fringe of bulbous surface projections ），整个病毒颗粒就像一顶帝
2、王的皇冠（royal crown），因此得名“冠 状病毒”。冠状病毒除人类以外，还可感染猪、牛、猫、犬、貂、骆驼、蝙蝠、老鼠、刺猬等 多种哺乳动物以及多种鸟类（mammals and birds）。 【关于新型冠状病毒】 2019-nCoV, as its been labelled, is understood to be a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously been identified in humans. 这种新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）此前未在人类身上发现过。 Coronaviruses are a broad
3、 family of viruses, but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people. 冠状病毒是一个庞大的病毒家族，目前已知会感染人类的有六种（新发现的这种是第七 种）。 【相关词汇】 新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus / new strain of coronavirus 呼吸道疾病 respiratory diseases 禽流感病毒 avian influenza virus 密切接触者 close contacts 潜伏期 incubation period 疑似病例
4、 suspected case 确诊病例 confirmed case 得肺炎 get/catch pneumonia 接受医学观察 under medical observation 流行病学调查 epidemiological investigation 病毒爆发 virus outbreak 遏制疫情爆发 contain the outbreak 严格隔离政策 strict isolation policy 携带病毒 carrying the virus 超级传染源 superspreader 医疗费用报销 reimbursement for medical expenses 中国大部分
5、地区口罩供应紧张 tight supplies in large areas of China 人传人 human-to-human transmission 医务人员感染 infection of medical worker 【相关报道】 Scientists believe an animal source is “the most likely primary source“ but that some human-to-human transmission has occurred. 科学家认为动物是“最有可能的初始感染源”，不过，也有一些人传人的病例。 Signs of infec
6、tion include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. 感染症状包括：呼吸道症状，发烧，咳嗽，呼吸短促，呼吸困难等。近期，湖北省武汉市 等多个地区发生新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情。 【阅读理解】 A new Chinese coronavirus, a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 1000 people since the outbreak (爆发） began in Wuhan, Chin
7、a, in December. Scientist Leo Poon, who first decoded the virus, thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans. “What we know is it causes pneumonia （肺炎） and then doesnt respond to antibiotic （抗生素） treatment, which is not surprising, but then in terms of mortality （死 亡率） , SARS kills 10
8、% of the individuals,“ Poon, a virologist （病毒学家） at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said. The World Health Organization offered guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it, including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients.Here are seven things you
9、should know about a coronavirus. What is a coronavirus Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic z nt k（人畜共患病）, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Contro
10、l and Prevention. Coronavirus symptoms（症状） The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild（轻度） to moderate（中 度） upper respiratory tract illness（上呼吸道疾病）, similar to a common cold. Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache and maybe a fever, which can las
11、t for a couple of days. For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, theres a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis br ka t s（支气管炎）. There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known t
12、o be deadly. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome（中东呼吸综合征）, also known as the MERS virus, was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems, but those symptoms are much more severe. Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died, according to the CDC.Seve
13、re Acute Respiratory Syndrome （严重急性呼吸综合征）, also known as SARS, is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms. First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China, according to the WHO, it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea da ri（腹泻）, fatigue （疲劳）, shortne
14、ss of breath, respiratory distress （呼 吸窘迫） and kidney failure （肾衰）. Depending on the patients age, the death rate with SARS ranged from 0-50% of the cases, with older people being the most vulnerable. How it spreads Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in
15、 camels, according to the WHO. With SARS, scientists suspected civet cats （狸猫） were to blame. When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected persons secretions s kri()n （分泌物）. Depending on how virulent v rlnt （有毒的）the v
16、irus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure. The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes. Caregivers （ 护 理 人 员 ） can sometimes be exposed by handling a patients waste, according to the CDC. 文章翻译一种新的中
17、国冠状病毒，是 SARS 病毒的一个堂兄弟，自去年 12 月在中国武汉 爆发以来，已经感染了 1000 多人。科学家 LeoPoon 首先破译了这种病毒，他认为它很可能 是从动物身上开始传播到人类身上的。 香港大学医学院公共卫生学院的病毒学专家 Poon 说： “我们知道这会导致肺炎（PoT），然后对抗生素治疗无效，这并不奇怪，但就死亡率而言， SARS 杀死了 10%的个体。” 世界卫生组织向各国提供了如何做好准备的指导，包括如何监 测病人和如何治疗病人。 关于冠状病毒你应该知道七件事。 什么是冠状病毒 冠状病毒是一大类常见于动物的病毒。 据美国疾病控制和预防中心称， 在极少数情况下， 它们
18、是科学家所称的人畜共患疾病，也就是说它们可以从动物传染给人类。 冠状病毒症状 这种病毒能使人生病，通常是轻微（或中度）上呼吸道疾病，类似于普通感冒。冠状病 毒的症状包括流鼻涕、咳嗽、喉咙痛，可能是头痛，也可能是发烧，持续几天。对于那些免 疫系统弱的人，老年人和非常年轻的人来说，病毒有可能引起一种较低、更严重的呼吸道疾 病，如肺炎或支气管炎。 有一些人类冠状病毒已知是致命的。 中东呼吸综合征（Middle East Respiratory Syndrome，简称 MERS 病毒）于 2012 年在 中东首次报道，也会引起呼吸系统问题，但这些症状要严重得多。疾控中心称，每 10 名感 染 MERS
19、 的患者中就有 3 至 4 人死亡。 严重急性呼吸综合征（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome，简称 SARS）是另一种能 引起更严重症状的冠状病毒。据世卫组织称，首次发现于中国南方的广东省，它会引起呼吸 系统问题，但也会引起腹泻、疲劳、呼吸急促、呼吸窘迫和肾衰竭。根据病人的年龄，SARS 的死亡率在 0-50%之间，其中老年人最易感染。 如何传播 病毒可以从人类与动物的接触中传播。据世界卫生组织称，科学家认为，MERS 是从骆 驼开始的。对于非典，科学家们怀疑是麝香猫引起的。当涉及到人与人之间的病毒传播时， 通常发生在有人接触到受感染者的分泌物时。 根据病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露。这种病毒也可以通过触摸被感 染者触摸过的东西，然后触摸你的嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。根据疾病预防控制中心（CDC） 的说法，医务人员有时可以通过处理病人的废物来暴露自己。
