1、Free talk:Have you ever experienced any natural disasters? volcano(火山火山)sandstorm (沙尘暴沙尘暴)Can you tell some kind of natural disasters?drought(旱灾旱灾)tsunami (海啸海啸)typhoon（台风）（台风）fire(火灾）火灾）Please watch the video and try not to read the subtitle.Questions on the text Why were the surrounding villages o
2、f the hills threatened with destruction? What had begun to appear in the blackened soil in place of the great trees?control spray floodsmoke quantity authoritydesolate root grass-seed threaten century destruction surrounding patch blackenKey words expressions control kntrul n. 控制控制 be in control of
3、sth.指挥，管理或控制指挥，管理或控制 =be in charge of sth Who is in control of the plan?be under control 在控制之中在控制之中 The fire has been under control. 火势已受到控制。火势已受到控制。 Dont worry, everything is under control.be out of control 失去控制失去控制 The Transformers was out of control.这个变形金刚失去了控这个变形金刚失去了控制。制。v. I can control it. =I
4、 can manage it. 我能对付我能对付(口语口语) controlSmokesmoke smuk n. 烟（雾）烟（雾） full of smoke 充满烟雾充满烟雾 There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪无风不起浪 have a smoke 抽一只烟抽一只烟smoker n. 抽烟的人抽烟的人 heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人烟瘾重的人 ； nonsmoker 不抽不抽烟的人烟的人 v. 吸烟吸烟 Dont smoke! = No smoking! He smoked heavily. smoking area / smoking room
5、吸烟室吸烟室 cigarette = cigar n. 香烟香烟 threatenthreaten retn v. 威胁威胁 threaten to do sth. 威胁着要做威胁着要做（与人相连）；有迹象（与人相连）；有迹象表明表明 He threatened to make the photo public.threaten sb. with sth. 以以来威胁来威胁/恐吓某人恐吓某人 The thief threatened him with a knife.有有预兆预兆It threatened to rain. 有迹象表明天要下雨了。有迹象表明天要下雨了。 联想：联想：blackm
6、ail（勒索，敲诈），（勒索，敲诈），steal，robdesolate deslt, desleit adj. 荒凉的 a desolate house 废屋废屋 desolate adj. 荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无人居住人居住, 荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的(与人相连与人相连时时) a desolate hill lonely adj. 孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）方连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住） authorityauthority :rti n. 当局当局(常复常复
7、authorities) authorities concerned 有关当局；主管部门有关当局；主管部门 权力，职权权力，职权 the authority for entering room权威人士，来源权威人士，来源 She is an authority on Spanish. Teachers are no longer the authority on everything and students are no longer the passive learners. spray sprei v. 喷撒喷撒 spray sth. over/on 往往上喷洒上喷洒 spray wat
8、er over/on flower spray grass-seed over/on the ground grass-seed 草籽草籽 grassland 草地草地 grass-seeder 草籽播种机草籽播种机 grass roots 群众群众flood fld n. 洪水洪水, 水灾水灾 at the flood 涨潮，在最有涨潮，在最有利的时机利的时机 a flood of tears 泪如泉涌泪如泉涌v. 淹没淹没 The room is flooded with water.v. 溢满溢满 Warmth flooded my heart. row against the floo
9、d 逆水行舟逆水行舟destruction distrkn n. 破坏破坏, 毁灭毁灭 The fire caused the destruction of my books.引起毁坏的原因引起毁坏的原因 Pride was her destruction. 骄傲是她致命的弱骄傲是她致命的弱点。点。destructive adj. 破坏性的破坏性的 a destructive fire destroy v. 破坏破坏 construct v. 建设建设(为为创造更好的条件创造更好的条件) construction n. 建设建设, 建筑建筑 construction bank 建设银行建设银行
10、 quantity kwntti n. （数）量（数）量 quantities of 大量的大量的 =in large quantity 大量大量 少量少量 quality kwlti n. 质量质量 sth. with good quality 具有好质量的东具有好质量的东西西 I prefer quality to quantity.smallroot ru:t, rut n. 根，根茎根，根茎 the root of a treen. 本质本质;根源根源 the root of the problemv. 使立定不动；使固定使立定不动；使固定 Fear rooted her to the
11、 ground.take root 生根生根 century senturi n. 世纪；百年世纪；百年 at the turn of the century 在世纪之交在世纪之交她吓得呆若木鸡。她吓得呆若木鸡。blackenblacken blkblkn n v. v. 变黑，发暗变黑，发暗 The smoke has The smoke has blackenedblackened the walls. the walls. 烟烟把墙熏黑了。把墙熏黑了。诽谤诽谤 Jim Jim blackenedblackened his deskmate by giving his deskmate b
12、y giving him names.him names. - -enen后缀表示动词，译为后缀表示动词，译为“使使变得变得” ” weak adj. weak adj. 虚弱的虚弱的 weaken v. weaken v. 使使变变弱，削弱弱，削弱 Widen loosen whiten deepen darken.Widen loosen whiten deepen darken.Language Points1 1、Firemen had beenFiremen had been fighting fighting the forest the forest fire for nearl
13、y three weeks before fire for nearly three weeks before they could they could get it under controlget it under control. . fight sth. fight sth. 和和作搏斗作搏斗 fight forfight for freedom freedom为自由而战为自由而战 fight a good fight fight a good fight 打了一场漂亮的仗打了一场漂亮的仗 have a fighthave a fight win a fight ,lose a fi
14、ght win a fight ,lose a fight We hope to break through soon in the fight We hope to break through soon in the fight against AIDSagainst AIDS get it under control get it under control 表示表示“使它得到控制使它得到控制”2 2、A short time beforeA short time before, , great treesgreat trees had had coveredcovered the the
15、 countryside for miles around.countryside for miles around. a short time beforea short time before和和a short time agoa short time ago都可以与都可以与段时间段时间相相连连 a short time before a short time before 不久以前，从过去某一点时间算起，不久以前，从过去某一点时间算起，一段时间以前一段时间以前 （同义词组：（同义词组：a short while before, not long agoa short while befo
16、re, not long ago）a short time ago a short time ago 过去某段时间，从现在算起，一段时间以过去某段时间，从现在算起，一段时间以前前 great trees great trees 参天大树参天大树covercoversheshe covered covered her face her face with with her hands. her hands. Dont judge the book Dont judge the book by its coverby its cover. .cover story cover story 封面故事
17、封面故事for miles aroundfor miles around 方圆几英里（方圆几英里（aroundaround表示表示“在周围，向在周围，向四周四周”） This is the only modern building for miles around. This is the only modern building for miles around. 3 3、Now, smoke still Now, smoke still rose uprose up from the from the warm ground over the warm ground over the de
18、solatedesolate hills. hills. rise up (from) rise up (from) 从从 升上来升上来 smoke rise up (smoke rise up (烟、雾烟、雾) )弥漫弥漫 rise to ones feet rise to ones feet 站起身站起身 rise in the world rise in the world 出头，发迹出头，发迹 the rise and fallthe rise and fall of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire 罗马帝国罗马帝国的兴衰的兴衰 The sun
19、 The sun risesrises in the east. in the east.4 4、Winter was coming onWinter was coming on and the hills threatened the and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction,surrounding villages with destruction, for for heavy heavy rain would not only rain would not only wash awaywash a
20、way the soil but would the soil but would cause serious floods cause serious floods as wellas well. . winter was coming on winter was coming on 冬季即将来临冬季即将来临 ( (季节的来临的通用表达式季节的来临的通用表达式) )，come oncome on的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的的“到来，来临到来，来临”：for for 因为，由于（用于主句之后，补充说明理由）因为，由于
21、（用于主句之后，补充说明理由）I ll follow his advice, for he is a doctor.I ll follow his advice, for he is a doctor. 下面两个词也可以表示原因：下面两个词也可以表示原因：As it is raining, let s stay at home.As it is raining, let s stay at home.Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.Since you have no license, you are not all
22、owed to drive.wash away wash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉冲掉，冲走，洗掉 A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.5 5、When the fire had at last been When the fire had at last been put output out, the , the forest authorities forest authorities orderedordered several tons o
23、f a several tons of a special special typetype of grass-seed which would of grass-seed which would grow quickly. grow quickly. put out put out 扑灭扑灭 order order 定购定购 We can We can orderorder some more books online. some more books online.命令，吩咐命令，吩咐 order sb to doorder sb to do He He orderedordered th
24、e army to circle the enemy. the army to circle the enemy.typetype强调与其他同类的东西有强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同明显不同的特征的种类，与的特征的种类，与 kindkind有区别有区别 6 6、The planes had been The planes had been planting planting seedseed for nearly a month when it for nearly a month when it began to rain.began to rain. plant seed /sow see
25、d plant seed /sow seed 播种播种7 7、By then, however, in many By then, however, in many places the grass had already places the grass had already taken roottaken root. . take root take root 表示表示“生根生根”，这个短语也可以表，这个短语也可以表示示某处思想某处思想/ /想法等想法等“扎根扎根”： This type of grass takes root easily. This type of grass tak
26、es root easily. The idea has taken root in his mind. The idea has taken root in his mind. 8 8、In place ofIn place of the great trees which had been growing there the great trees which had been growing there for centuries for centuries patches ofpatches of green had begun to appear in the green had b
27、egun to appear in the blackened soil. blackened soil. in place ofin place of 替代，取代替代，取代 ( (只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了) ) Jane answered the phone in place of Mary. Jane answered the phone in place of Mary. in placein place 恰当的，在恰当的位置上恰当的，在恰当的位置上 I like to have everything in place.I li
28、ke to have everything in place.我喜欢样样事都恰得其所。我喜欢样样事都恰得其所。out of placeout of place 不得其所不得其所 His dress was out of place at the ceremony.His dress was out of place at the ceremony.take the place oftake the place of = replace = replace Who will take the place of Mr White? Who will take the place of Mr Whi
29、te? 谁将代替怀特先生？谁将代替怀特先生？instead ofinstead of 替代替代+ +没做的事没做的事 Instead of staying home, I went to school. Instead of staying home, I went to school. （此句就不能用（此句就不能用“in in place of”place of”，而指地点空间时，既可以用，而指地点空间时，既可以用“in place of”in place of”也可以用也可以用“instead of”instead of”。）。）注意区别注意区别！GrammarGrammar 一、构成：一
30、、构成：had been+现在分词现在分词二、二、concept1、过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去、过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表示时间的词有示时间的词有before, for, since ,all day等等.She was very tired.She had been typing letters all days.Id been racing horses for years before I met my wife.过去完成进行时过
31、去完成进行时（the past perfect progressive tense)Grammar1.构成，构成，had+过去分词过去分词2.概念，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动概念，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况，作或情况，即即“较早的过去较早的过去”。常用的连词有。常用的连词有when, after,as soon as,(not) until,by that time,(never) before,already,for,since,just等。等。After he had said goodbye to us all, Captain Alison st
32、arted his journey.除此之外还常与连词除此之外还常与连词no soonerthan和和hardlywhen连连用。用。 He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.过去完成时过去完成时 （The simple past perfect tense )Grammar过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较1、过去完成时和过去完成进行时有时、过去完成时和过去完成进行时有时可以替换可以替换使用：使用：Dan had worked/had be
33、en working for the firm for fifteen years when I first met him.我第一次遇到丹时，他已在该公司干了我第一次遇到丹时，他已在该公司干了15年了。年了。2. She 2. She had cleanedhad cleaned the office, so it was very tidy. the office, so it was very tidy. 她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。 ( (强调结果强调结果) )She She had been cleaninghad been cleaning
34、the office, so we had to the office, so we had to wait outside.wait outside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。 ( (强调动作一直在进行强调动作一直在进行) )Grammar过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较3、需要表示某个工作、需要表示某个工作已经完成已经完成时，只能用过去完成时时，只能用过去完成时.When I got home, I found that Jill had been painting her room.我回到家时
35、，看见吉尔在粉刷她的房间。（工作尚未完成）我回到家时，看见吉尔在粉刷她的房间。（工作尚未完成）When I got home, I found that Jill had painted her room.我回到家时，吉尔已经粉刷过她的房间了。（已完成）我回到家时，吉尔已经粉刷过她的房间了。（已完成）When I arrived, theyd already put the fire out.我到达时，他们已经把火扑灭了。（不可用过去完成进行时）我到达时，他们已经把火扑灭了。（不可用过去完成进行时）Exercises 1. they received the parcel that they
36、_ for a long time.A. expected B. have expected C. had been expecting D. had expected2. He _ more than 5,000 English words when 2. He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered university at the age of 15.he entered university at the age of 15.A. has learned B. would have learned C. A. has learn
37、ed B. would have learned C. learned D. had learnedlearned D. had learned3. She didnt pass the exams because she_ her lessons well.A. wasnt prepared B. wasnt been prepared C. hadnt prepared D. was preparing4. We _ four thousand new words by the end 4. We _ four thousand new words by the end of last y
38、ears.of last years.A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learnedwill have learnedcDCBSpecial difficulties2.great and big,它们都有大的意思，但great通常与重要性有关与重要性有关系，表示“伟大的”、“重大的”、重要的“等含义，big则较为口语化口语化，表示体积、规模体积、规模等方面的”大“。Frank has just made a great dec
39、ision.弗兰克刚作出一项重大的决定。This picture is said to be painted by a great painter.据说这幅画是一位伟大的画家画的。（不可用BIG)Sam is a big man.萨姆是个大块头。Your house is bigger than mine.(不用great ) 你家的房子比我家的大。另外表示大的单词large huge massive Special difficulties3.、soil and groundsoil主要用于指“土土”、”土地土地“、”土壤土壤“Heavy rain will wash away the so
40、il from desolate hills.大雨将把泥土从荒凉的山丘上冲走。Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.草木在肥沃的土壤里生长迅速。ground含义较广。它除了可以表示”土地“、”土壤“外，还可以表示”地面地面“、”场地场地“等。Dont sit on the ground.不要坐在地上。He threw the cup to the ground.他把茶杯摔在地上。There is a foorball ground in our university。我们大学里有一个足球场。Please close your textbooks and notebooks , try your best to recall what you have learned in this class.
